Citizens Of Countries Research Articles

Economic self-sufficiency (ESS) as a barrier to health self-sufficiency (HSS) for Burmese refugees in the United States: a culture-centered analysis

From displacement to resettlement, Burmese refugees bear high disease burdens; first as forced migrants escaping conflict and then as second-class citizens in host countries like the United States. This relegation of refugee bodies to the margins upon resettlement, warrants an examination of the contradictions of the process as a humanitarian enterprise yet in violation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 10 of Reduced Inequalities, particularly through a health inequities lens. In the present study, the researcher conducted 15 semi-structured in-depth interviews with key stakeholders within the resettlement ecosystem of the city of Indianapolis, Indiana in the U.S., including Burmese community members, leaders, and health practitioners. Narrative data reveal an inverse relationship between the federally mandated metric of economic self-sufficiency (ESS) defined as job placement upon resettlement, and health self-sufficiency (HSS) defined as the ability to meaningfully engage with healthcare structures and resources. Participants articulate the precarious nature of such low-wage employment in predatory industries like meatpacking, requiring little to no language or vocational training and subjecting refugee employees to coercive practices including mandatory overtime. These practices are outlined as both dangerous to the health of employees and detracting from their time resources which would otherwise be allocated toward linguistic and vocational training—both required for socioeconomic mobility, as well as to meaningfully navigate labyrinthian healthcare structures. Faced with these structural constraints, Burmese community members demonstrate health self-sufficiency through a combination of treatment with over-the-counter (OTC) medications, traditional healing practices, and by activating familial and community networks as communal resources for accessing healthcare structures.

The Impact of Russian Aggression On Ties Between Ukrainians and Russians

This study deals with the profound changes in the relationship between Ukrainians and Russians after the aggression of 2014 and the full-scale invasion of 2022. The goal is to outline the dynamics of Ukrainian-Russian relations and provide a deep context for politicians and academics who ponder the issue of reconciliation. The article presents the results of an anonymous online survey conducted by a group of Ukrainian researchers among citizens of Ukraine from May 1 to May 31, 2023. 1088 respondents were covered. The survey covered the dynamics of contacts between citizens of Ukraine and the Russian Federation before 2014, in the period 2014-2022 and the period after the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine, which began on February 24, 2022; the quality and content of such contacts; views of Ukrainians on the prospects of reconciliation, terms and prerequisites for its beginning; attitude to the myths that frame Ukrainian-Russian relations regarding states and nations. The obtained results are compared with the results of representative surveys that were previously conducted in Ukraine and Russia to track the attitudes of citizens of both countries. The research was conducted on a volunteer basis. The study showed that before the war, almost half of Ukrainians had contacts with Russians. After the invasion, many Ukrainians tried to cooperate with the Russians to counter the propaganda, but only a small number of Russians openly condemned the war. Only 5% of those polled expect reconciliation within the next decade, most believe it is impossible. The respondents consider gestures of repentance and significant socio-political changes in Russia to be the basis of real reconciliation. Thus, efforts to challenge Russian imperial narratives used for disinformation campaigns around the world are critical to deterring Russian aggression.

Russian Studies in Contemporary Korea

The Russian Language Department of Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (HUFS) —one of the leading universities of the Republic of Korea— was founded in the same year with the University and is about to celebrate its 70th anniversary. Today the University and the Russian Language Department are the main popularizers of the Russian language, literature, culture and Russian regional studies in South Korea. There are several associations: KASEUS — Korean Association of Slavic-Eurasian Studies; Russian Language and Literature Association (based on the HUFS — Hankuk University of Foreign Studies); KAR — Korean Association of Russian Studies (based on the Korean University); KASL — Korean Association of Slavic Languages (based on the Korean University); KATPR — Korean Association of Teachers and Teaching Staff of the Russian Language (whose members are university professors and school teachers); and KRA — Korea-Russia Association. The Korean-Russian Society of Art and Culture KORACS was established in 2013 to organize cultural exchange between Korea and Russia. The associations organize and conduct scientific conferences, symposiums, forums, and some publish their own journals. In South Korea, there are exchange programs for undergraduate and graduate students of Russian and Korean universities, and Russian professors are invited here to give lectures. Every spring the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies holds a Russian language Olympiad for students of Korean universities. This competition is of great interest to Korean students and is an incentive for deeper study of the Russian language. The Russian language and culture are represented and preserved here: there are Russian professors, school teachers, Russian-speaking Koreans and citizens of other countries. Therefore, despite the difficulties associated with changes in the socio-political situation, Russian studies in South Korea continue to develop. Interest in the Russian language, literature and culture does not wane since people always need to learn something new and wonderful and this is how Russian culture is characterized.

Combating domestic violence in West Bengal, India: Gendered norms and legal regulations

Domestic violence has long been a major concern for women's organisations globally. Despite decades of progressive legislation in India since the 1980s, this paper underscores the persistent and structural nature of domestic violence, which afflicts lives across gender identities. The study draws on findings from a survey of 2193 aggrieved women and select case studies across 13 districts of West Bengal who have accessed the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (PWDVA), a civil law enacted in 2005 to give protection to victim-survivors from domestic violence (as opposed to punishing the perpetrators). The paper argues that even ‘radical’ legislation such as the PWDVA helps survivors manage and endure violence rather than eliminate it from their lives. In doing so, the legislation offers a coping strategy to the aggrieved rather than a means through which deep-seated social structures of patriarchy that perpetuate domestic violence can be challenged to ensure gender justice. Our study indicates that there is a greater degree of precarity among women survivors with psycho-social disabilities and members of gender-sexual minorities. The majority of actors in the socio-legal ecosystem who should be upholding survivors’ right to live a life free from violence instead place them primarily in the heterosexual patriarchal family. The feminist vision behind the enactment of PWDVA, which valued the assertion of a survivor's rights as a citizen of a democratic country to lead a life free from violence, is eschewed in favour of preserving the institution of family and marriage over gender justice.

Digitalization of the right to medical assistance: a comparative aspect

The article examines how to reflect the impact of digitalization on obtaining personal rights to medical care in Ukraine and the countries of the European Union. In particular, a really comparative analysis of the implementation of this right in domestic and foreign legislation. The positive impact on the process of digitalization of services in the field of health care is substantiated.
 The need for further implementation of digitized services in the field of health care to ensure the right to medical care of a person has been proven, providing a historical analysis of the positive impact. A significant example of a positive impact was the possibility of realizing a certain right in the conditions of martial law, where Ukraine is a unique example, despite military aggression, through the public digitalization of management, in particular in the field of health care.
 The statistics of the impact of digitization of medical services on the level of public health support in the countries of the European Medical Union, as well as the attitude of Europeans to the digitization of services, were analyzed. It has been established that it is still a relevant problem for both citizens of Ukraine and citizens of European countries, to weaken the realization of this right, given the impossibility of making an online appointment with a doctor, conducting an online consultation, taking into account the issue of relevant devices or funds. Protest is predominant among global citizen engagement, after digitized health services, is a convenient tool in today's world.
 Special attention is paid to the unique experience of Ukraine in the development of the digitalization of the right to medical assistance of a person in the conditions of martial law, despite active military aggression, because in these conditions the positive and negative aspects of this legal and social phenomenon are particularly clearly reflected.

Geo-demographics and source of information as determinants of climate change consciousness among citizens in African countries

Climate change constitutes one of the greatest threats to human health globally and there have been increasing interests in understanding the dynamics of climate change consciousness particularly in less industrialised countries of Africa. Research on cross-country, sub-regional and continent differences in climate change consciousness are rare especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, to complement the existing body of literature, this study was conducted on cross-national predictors of public climate change consciousness. Data from the Afrobarometer round 7 for thirty-four [34] African countries, collected between 2017 and 2020, were used to investigate the influence of geographical, socio-demographics, and source of information on public consciousness of climate change. Statistical analyses of t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression were conducted to test the formulated hypotheses. Results showed a low level of climate change consciousness (CCC) among participants. Radio news was the major source of information for the sampled African citizens. There were significant differences in the CCC of male and female as well as between urban and rural respondents. Significant differences were also found among the sub-regions, educational levels, age groups and occupations. Sources of information and demographic variables significantly influenced the level of CCC among participating citizens. Educational attainment was the single most potent predictor of climate change consciousness. The study recommends that African citizens need capacity building on climate change awareness and initiatives which would assist in mitigating the effects of climate change.

Health Transformation in Indonesia Through Health Digitalization Strengthening: A Perspective From Occupational Health.

Digital health implementation is crucial to make the greatest benefit to a country's citizens, including its workers. This article describes the implementation of digital health in both general health and occupational health. An internet search regarding the implementation of digital health, telemedicine, and telehealth in Indonesia was performed during July - August 2023. Publications released from the Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, the Ministry of Labour, Manpower and Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia, as well as from various sources regarding digital health and telemedicine, were used in the writing of this article. Digital health transformation in Indonesia has been set as national goal since 2021 and some challenges still present as potential setbacks of nationwide digital health implementation.

Paediatric oncology in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR): the current state and challenges.

The WHO Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) is characterised by highly economically diverse countries, with healthcare systems in various phases of development. Childhood cancer care provision also ranges from that provided in centres able to deliver sophisticated therapy resulting in outcomes comparable to those seen in highly developed nations, to countries with no provision for care of children with cancer. At 10·1 per 100,000 children at risk, the age standardised incidence-rate for cancer in children below 14 years of age is relatively low but may be consequent to poor registration. Shortages in trained care providers were identified in many regional countries, particularly in low and lower-middle income countries, however, implementation of training programs are beginning to counter this deficit. Significant diversity in patient care capacity exists in the region, leading to inequitable access to quality paediatric oncology care. There is strong potential for regional collaboration towards infrastructure and capacity improvement, with facilities available within the EMR for twinning and educational support to those centres and countries that need them. While cancer care coverage is available to citizens of high-income countries, in the lower-income countries out-of-pocket health expenditure can reach 75%. Some relief is achieved through the contribution of multiple charitable foundations working to support childhood cancer care in the region, as well as the provision of care in, often overburdened, public sector hospitals. War and other geo-political turmoil, as well as natural disasters, have negatively impacted healthcare capacity, including childhood cancer care, in several regional countries. Despite all this, the trajectory for change is upward and initiatives such as the WHO Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer are igniting positive change.

How framing impacts attitudes about electoral rights for non‐resident citizens

AbstractWidespread adoption of policies granting electoral rights to citizens living abroad has spurred vivid scholarly debates regarding the drivers and consequences of extra‐territorial enfranchisement. But, little is known about the views of resident citizens in origin countries on the matter. We address this research gap and investigate how resident citizens' attitudes to external voting rights are affected by different arguments usually salient in homeland political debates. The study draws on an original survey experiment conducted across five countries (Belgium, Finland, Poland, Portugal and Ireland) with different external voting regulations. Our results show that utilitarian arguments on the costs and benefits of extra‐territorial enfranchisement are persuasively shaping public support for the voting rights of nationals living abroad. They further suggest that resident citizens in origin countries that already grant extensive political rights to non‐resident nationals are more receptive to moral arguments of democratic inclusion regarding the recognition of such entitlements.

Некоторые проблемы в правовом регулировании деятельности частных агентств занятости по найму и трудоустройству трудовых мигрантов в Республике Таджикистан

The article discusses the legal basis for the regulation of private employment agencies for hiring and employment of migrant workers in the Republic of Tajikistan. The author of the article analyzes international and national norms in the field of labor migration, focusing on regulating the activities of private employment agencies engaged in hiring and employing citizens of the Republic of Tajikistan abroad, as well as hiring and employing citizens of third countries to other countries through the Republic of Tajikistan. The issues of legal regulation of the activities of foreign companies that are engaged in recruiting and employment of citizens abroad on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan were also studied. In conclusion, in order to eliminate gaps and shortcomings in the legal regulation of this issue, the author offers a reasonable proposal to improve the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan regulating licensing of activities related to the employment of migrant workers abroad.

Cosmopolitan realism and the inward turn

ABSTRACT Some self-declared defenders of democracy maintain that a suspension of the ‘cosmopolitan agenda’ is necessary to blunt the appeal of insurgent right wing populism. I argue that cosmopolitans should support this ‘inward turn’ when doing so helps to preserve the long-term viability of that agenda. Cosmopolitans must certainly motivate citizens of different countries to support it. However, they must also encourage those citizens to support democracy and inclusion at home, for support for the cosmopolitan agenda becomes less likely in its absence. Therefore, cosmopolitans should support the inward turn when doing so makes it harder for right wing populists to erode popular support for democracy, inclusion, and the cosmopolitan agenda. Practically speaking, then, cosmopolitanism should not look that different from liberal nationalism in the short-term. Unlike liberal nationalists, though, cosmopolitans should only prioritize the defense of democracy and inclusion at home for practical reasons – not normative reasons. Accordingly, cosmopolitanism should look different from liberal nationalism in the long run, but not radically so. I engage with the empirical literature on public opinion and pay special attention to Lea Ypi’s argument for ‘statist cosmopolitanism.’

Religious tolerance in Saudi Arabia’s middle school Islamic studies

ABSTRACT Globalisation has increasingly exposed citizens in religious-majority countries to diverse beliefs, opinions and practices. Teaching Islamic religious tolerance, particularly in the Middle East, is regarded as a viable approach to promoting tolerance. This study examines the extent to which Islamic religious tolerance concepts exist in Saudi Arabia’s middle school Islamic studies textbooks. The results demonstrate that religious tolerance themes or concepts are most present in Grade 7 and the least in Grade 8. The analysis found a lack of uniformity in the distribution of themes across grades and sections of textbooks.

Struggling and Thriving: Effectuation in Social and Economic Stress

How do citizens respond when provisioning systems are severely changed and curtailed? We apply effectuation theory from the entrepreneurship literature to address a socio-economic issue. We used an online survey and collected data from 1014 citizens in Iran to investigate how an effectual logic of thinking as a psychological framework enables some citizens of a non-Western country to address the uncertainties caused by international economic sanctions and sustain their well-being. We find that optimistic members of society use their effectual logic to enhance their satisfaction with life and social and economic sustainability in the medium-longer run. This study contributes to the multifactorial view of quality of life as well as effectuation theory and enhances our understanding of social sustainability and how it can be cultivated. Implications for policymakers are provided.

Digitalization of Trade in Russia by Means of Using Marketplaces

Digitalization of trade through marketplaces is actively being introduced into the daily lives of citizens of many countries, this process began to develop especially actively during the quarantine measures during the pandemic in 2020–2021. E-commerce is most active in Asian countries. For example, China has switched to commodity marketplace platforms by 90 percent. To a certain extent, this made it possible to avoid the collapse of the food and commodity markets in 2020–2021. Having proved very popular among the population, this method of sales has fi rmly established itself in the commodity market. In this article, the authors examined what marketplaces are and what types of marketplaces exist in the global space. They also proposed the author’s classification of marketplaces. In addition, the authors presented practical examples of successful cases of Russian marketplaces in the context of the dynamics of economic development and digitalization of trade, as well as current trends and challenges in the fi eld of e-commerce; opportunities and risks of further development of domestic marketplaces and their role in international export activities. At the end of the study, the authors examined the options for using artificial intelligence in electronic commerce.

Stringent sustainability regulations for global supply chains are supported across middle-income democracies

Expanded international trade and globalised production networks are increasing the environmental and social impacts in middle-income countries (GNI per capita $1,136-$13,845). High-income countries (>$13,845) are seeking to mitigate the negative impacts of domestic consumption by imposing new sustainability regulations on global supply chains. Recent evidence suggests that these regulations are broadly supported across high-income countries. However, it remains unclear whether citizens of middle-income countries support aligning domestic sustainability regulations with the measures developed by high-income countries. Concerns about economic competitiveness and foreign imposition could increase public resistance toward such alignment. Alternatively, desires for continued market access in high-income countries and aspirations for strengthening local environmental and labour regulations could foster support for alignment. Based on survey-embedded experiments in the three largest democratic non-OECD economies (Brazil, India, Indonesia), we find surprisingly strong support for domestic-based measures that are aligned with emerging global supply chain sustainability regulations. Our findings suggest that support is largely driven by positive impact expectations, where the future benefits of alignment are perceived as outweighing concerns about increased costs. These results bode well for initiatives to install stricter sustainability regulations for global supply chains that are acceptable not only in high-income economies but also in non-OECD countries.

Secular Spaces in Israel and Turkey

Abstract This article offers a comparative analysis of Tel Aviv and Izmir based on their urban identities grounded on a secular modernist ideological outlook and a Mediterranean way of life based on egalitarian and democratic norms. These criteria will be operationalized by analyzing the ideological preferences as well possibilities for alternative lifestyles for the residents of both cities. Due to the policies of right-wing governments in both countries, there has been an increasingly overbearing impact of religion in the daily lives of the people and have been undergoing a redefinition of their national identities at the expense of the secular aspects of their national attributes. While a significant number of citizens in both countries have been leaning towards an ethnoreligious worldview, Tel Aviv in Israel and Izmir in Turkey resist such attempts and remain bastions of secularism with their Mediterranean way of life. This study purports to present the similarities and differences between the two cities within their larger conservative setting.

REHABILITATION AS THE RESTORATION OF INTEGRITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FEATURES OF UNDERSTANDING THE PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE APPLICATION OF LINGUISTIC AND PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF MODERN REALITY

The relevance of the article lies in the continuation of the study of the phenomenon of war and post-war, in which one of the main problematic issues is the issue of protection, restoration of both the general system of the state in all its constituent components, and the support and restoration of the country's citizens, technologies, production and its natural resources (where it can be done). War is an armed conflict in which, as practice shows, new and old forms of weapons, technologies and other elements of interference and destruction are actively used by the enemy. Philosophy is closely related to issues of ideology, issues of health, etc., that is why the modern aggression against Ukraine when studied shows a number of differences both in the conduct of war and in issues of theory and practice of rehabilitation in comparison with previous wars and as a result , with the expected post-war period. It is this issue of restoration of integrity or rehabilitation that is a matter of primary study and implementation of their conclusions at the theoretical and practical levels, not only in the philosophical space, but also in the disciplines and branches of other sciences.

Institutionalization of Ḥisbah: A Means to Achieve Peaceful and Credible Elections in Nigeriaa

The important pillar of the so-called democracy, which is an election, has been violent and marked by problems ranging from rigging, vote buying, illegal printing of voters’ cards, illegal possession of ballot boxes, stuffing of ballot boxes, underage voting, and falsification of election results to manipulation of results in Nigeria. Thus, the Nigerian experience with elections since independence has been quite challenging despite that conduct of elections is the only acceptable means through which the citizens of a democratic country can choose their representatives. This paper therefore appraises one of the important institutions introduced by Islam to cater to the promotion of good and prohibition of evil (ḥisbah) in society with a view to underline the importance of its institutionalization to stem the menace of electoral malpractices in Nigeria. The reason is that the institution of ḥisbah was successfully deployed during the classical periods of Islam to arrest cases of cheating in the marketplaces as well as the public dispositions. The study employs a qualitative research methodology based on literature review. Data collected from a variety of books, periodicals, and other sources, were then subjected to analysis. The findings of the study reveal that the electoral malpractices that characterized the past elections will be overcome and credible elections will be achieved if ḥisbah is institutionalized in the country. It concludes that the advocacy for its introduction in Nigeria is not an attempt to Islamize the country but a yearning call for the injection of an efficient institution that can change the narrative of electoral fraud in Nigeria as it was practiced in the Northern part of the country before its colonization.

Unwelcome Immigrants Knocking on the Door: Demographic Features of Immigrants and Populist Attitudes Rising in South American Countries

Previous studies examining the link between immigration and populism have found mixed empirical results. By focusing on the populist attitude among native citizens, this article revisits the question of how immigration affects populism. In addition, we investigate this relationship in South America where immigrants are more educated, and skilled and have similar cultural or historical roots to native citizens. By using Latino Barometro data from 2000 to 2018, our empirical analysis of 10 South American countries finds that immigration fuels the populist attitude among citizens in South American countries. We also demonstrate the proportion of working-age immigrants or the level of economic development of immigrants’ home countries can change the influence of immigration on populism. These findings suggest that despite different features of immigration in this region than observed in other regions such as Europe the link between immigration and populism still holds.

ПСИХІЧНИЙ, СОЦІАЛЬНИЙ ТА ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ ДОБРОБУТ

The issue of well-being is a constantly important issue for the existence of humanity in terms of its components. The ideology of the dominance of the "mother" model increasingly appears as a marked kind of animation, becoming at the same time a universally recognized priority and a cultural and "status" compulsion related to the quality of life. The purpose of the article is to determine the interdisciplinary principles of well-being in terms of its mental, social and economic components. The subject of research is the conceptual foundations of mental, social and economic well-being. Research methods: analysis and synthesis, comparison, grouping and analogies. Presenting main material. The article reveals the authors' reflections on well-being. Arguments and reasons are presented to confirm the principle of equal opportunities in access to social and economic benefits of individuals, which in turn predict their mental well-being. Issues related to well-being in the above dimensions will be considered in the context of the need for changes that are introduced in social life through, among other things, man's opus magnum, which is the phenomenon of globalization. The issue of well-being and, as a result, happiness is presented as a subject of interdisciplinary analysis carried out by representatives of many scientific disciplines, including philosophy, psychology, sociology, economics and ethics. Different interpretations of approaches to well-being and well-being are presented. The essence of the concept of well-being in the system of related concepts, such as wealth, standard of living, quality of life, economic well-being and social well-being, is revealed. Attention is focused on socio-economic well-being, which is revealed in the context of the implementation of the above-mentioned principle of equal opportunities in access to benefits related to the spheres of mental, social and economic components. Originality and practical significance of the research. The practical value of the research lies in the fact that the obtained results deepen in the conditions of globalization and consist, among other things, in supporting poor countries and equalizing differences in the income levels of citizens of different countries. Access to and use of even basic economic goods and services is critical to the integration of members of modern society. Research conclusions. In the conditions of deepening globalization, the problem of economic and social well-being takes on a new expression. On the one hand, it will be economic alienation, and on the other - alienation in the social sphere. It should be remembered that economic and social exclusion (caused, among other things, by low income or even no access to the labor market, inability to meet certain needs, services, etc.) is closely related to mental well-being. Therefore, the modern world must face the problem of economic and social inequality and organize social life in such a way that it promotes the development of all people as much as possible, i.e. "pro publico bono", which in turn will contribute to the equalization of their mental well-being