Country Town Research Articles

AN ANALYSIS OF THE SHOP HOUSES FAÇADE AND THE SPECIAL AREA PLAN OF TAIPING HERITAGE TOWN

Heritage towns in many countries are facing the pressure of redevelopment due to economic needs and also in the name of tourism. It is unfortunate that many a times, the conservation process is separated from development planning cum redevelopment thus destroying the urban fabric. Taiping is one such town that has been identified to be developed for heritage tourism under the Special Area Plan development plan upon its declaration as a Heritage Town in 1999. The Taiping Special Area Plan (TSAP 2010) was launched in 2010 with seven development plans set within the Taiping Town and the Lake Gardens Conservation Zone. The objective of this study is to explore the level and type of change to the façade characteristics of buildings located within Taiping Town Conservation Zone (TTCZ) since the implementation of TSAP 2010 and the conformance of these buildings with change to the TSAP 2010 guidelines. The research adopted a case study strategy with a field survey of the entire building units located within TTCZ followed by a document review of the TSAP 2010 guideline. The TTCZ photo inventory was cross-analysed with archival data to firstly identify the level of change based on a numerical rating scale. The data for building units with change were then analysed further to identify the type of change followed by its adherence to the TSAP 2010 guidelines. The findings revealed that there were changes to the building’s façade characteristics even though the overall magnitude of change was low. The changes were found to be mainly on the shop house typology as opposed to other typologies and the shop houses with changes did not adhere to the TSAP 2010 guidelines. The study concluded that the façade characteristics of building units has changed prior to 2010 and the TSAP 2010 guidelines may have not been implemented fully though this may need to be studied further. Keywords: Special Area Plan (SAP), shop houses, façade characteristics, Taiping, conservation

Subjective Well-Being, Life Satisfaction and Interpersonal Relationships Associated to Socio-Demographic and Contextual Variables

This study aims associating children’s satisfaction to their interpersonal relationships within their main contexts of interaction (family, friends and school) and their satisfaction regarding their subjective well-being, considering the variables age, gender, type of school (public or private) and city of living (capital or not). There were 2.280 children from 9 to 13 years old (M = 10,99; SD = 0,996), being 1.341 from the capital city (58,8%), most of them from public schools (61%) and 55,5% of the amount were girls. The results showed there is no difference between the average satisfaction data and the interpersonal relationships by age and that children living in country towns are more satisfied with their interpersonal relationships. Children who study in private schools are more satisfied with their family relationships and school environment, while students from public schools are more satisfied with their friendships; besides girls are more satisfied with both their school relationships and friends. The subjective well-being decreased as they become older and boys showed an average subjective well-being significantly higher than girls. Considering the interactions among subjective well-being and the variables evaluated, the children who presented higher average of subjective well-being are those who live in country towns and study in public schools and the ones who live in the capital and study at in private schools.

A STUDY ON NTPC PROJECTS IN SONBHADRA DISTRICT IN RELATION TO COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

The process of social transformation today generates many serious problems and contradictions. The emerging pattern of country town nexus or relationship constitutes one such aspect. Any discussion on social stratification and change and focus on social process of empowerment and de-empowerment remains incomplete till one looks at the social reality of rural and urban, their linkages - whether it be the social tension between rural and urban or symbiotic relationship between rural and urban or else as rural – urban continuum or nexus. The global market expanded positively and intended to promote a positive image. In today's era, planning and analyzing of an organization has become a vital part. A proper flow of information is important for a smooth functioning of a company. To create a balance in the overall management, one has to go with the litmus paper named Corporate Communication'. It's an integral part which enhances the confidence of employee and investor at the same time. National Thermal Power Corporation (commonly known as NTPC) has always focused on sustainable growth which is reflected in its upgraded efficiency, advanced market reputation and a sound financial condition with a focus always on rural development. Since the beginning, this company has always fulfilled its societal responsibilities especially towards the environment and the people. The township concept has improved the environment, labour standards and human rights. Corporate Social Responsibilities is one of the many channels through which they have shown the changes since the initiation of rural urban linkages. This research paper will basically look into the different roles played by corporate communication on two oldest NTPC Projects in Purvanchal area of Uttar Pradesh. The study will try to showcase the comparison between the two projects in respect of socio- economic development, work culture and bit of CSR. Case study would be the research design. The researcher would analyse the situation of both the places since its inception. The case study analyses would be done on the basis of infrastructure, internal and external audience, CSR, economic advancement and PR policy.

Los gobernadores de plazas y la construcción de lugares de poder imperial en los Países Bajos españoles en la época de Felipe II y de los Archiduques

El texto explora la construcción de lugares de poder regio a traves los gobernadores de plazas en los Países Bajos españoles en la época de Felipe II y de los Archiduques. La Monarquía Hispánica logró crear un mecanismo complejo de gestión política de sus plazas confiandolas a oficiales españoles como a nobles locales, ambos eficaces para garantizar una dominación que movilizara apoyo social y la lealtad al lejano rey. Los españoles supieron adaptarse al mundo político local y los naturales no flaquearon en su fidelidad a los Habsburgo. Entre ellos sí comenzaba a crearse una cultura de servicio y de gobierno directo de un soberano ausente; una vía a la promoción que se adaptaba a las realidades de patronazgo y clientela y a la capacidad de representación del territorio pero que primaba la capacidad de integración y de comprensión de la cultura política municipal.

A Tribute to Alan Bond on his 70th Birthday: 50 Years of Electrochemistry

This issue of ChemElectroChem highlights contributions from the friends, colleagues and students of Professor Alan Bond on the occasion of his 70th birthday. As is well illustrated in this special issue, Alan Bond has advanced the theories, experiments and discoveries of electrochemical science for more than half a century. He has contributed almost one thousand research publications, books, book chapters, reports and patents. In this special issue of ChemElectroChem we acknowledge Alan's inspiration, support, guidance, enthusiasm and training that he has provided and continues to provide in the pursuit of electrochemistry.

Why Do Children Bite Each Other? Observations in A Brazilian Nursery School

This study was built from observations conducted in a nursery school in a Brazilian southwest country town, based in Psychoanalysis theory. It aimed to observe the meaning of aggression, especially biting, in child’s development, under environmental influences. Child may be aggressive due to many factors, associated to relations constructed around her. Biting is one of the aspects of infant aggression that must be understood as a symptom being communicated to others. The adult must listen to what the child is trying to communicate beyond the manifested symptom. In this study, children bit each other when they tried to obtain a toy, or when they felt frustrated, isolated, unassisted by the teachers, or confined in large numbers in small spaces. Those results indicate that, at least in nursery schools, teachers must assist young children and help them cope with the new environment and challenges faced by socialization.

True North: Essential Identity and Cultural Camouflage in H.V. Morton’s In Search of England

True North: Essential Identity and Cultural Camouflage in H.V. Morton’s <em>In Search of England</em>

農村の織元と都市の織元(一) : 十六・七世紀のイギリス毛織物工業に於ける織元の二の型

農村の織元と都市の織元(一) : 十六・七世紀のイギリス毛織物工業に於ける織元の二の型

O perfil epidemiológico pode influenciar as características clínicas e malignas dos carcinomas orais e orofaríngeos?

Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar possíveis associações entre as variáveis ??epidemiológicas do estudo e o estadiamento clínico e o grau de malignidade dos carcinomas espinocelulares (CECs) da cavidade oral e orofaringe, e avaliar se existe correlação entre os achados clínicos. estágio e grau histológico em CCEs. Material e Métodos: estudo retrospectivo analítico dos casos de CECs diagnosticados entre junho de 2005 e dezembro de 2013. Os dados dos prontuários e os achados histopatológicos dos pacientes maiores de 18 anos foram digitados em planilha Excel® e analisados ??pelo SPSS® 20, utilizando-se o chi-square e o Fisher's para analisar as variáveis. O nível de significância dos testes foi de 0,05. Resultados: os pacientes eram predominantemente negros, do sexo masculino, analfabetos, na sexta década de vida, residentes em cidades do interior e expostos ao tabaco e ao álcool. Houve também predomínio de lesões de língua em estágio avançado com malignidade de alto grau tratadas com radioterapia combinada e tratamento quimioterápico. Houve associação entre exposição ao álcool com estágio avançado ao diagnóstico (p = &lt;0,001). Conclusão: a associação do consumo de álcool com lesões mais avançadas ao diagnóstico ressalta a necessidade de abordar os fatores de risco de forma mais enfática. Embora tenham sido observados fatores clássicos implicados no curso do CCE oral e orofaríngeo, é notável a alta frequência de pacientes analfabetos provenientes de cidades do interior, o que poderia dificultar o acesso aos serviços de saúde e contribuir para o atraso no diagnóstico e, assim, piorar o prognóstico.

Space, Place and Identity: Intercultural Encounters, Affect and Belonging in Rural Australian Spaces

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I explore particular public spaces in a country town, the local hotel and public square, and investigate how these sites produce intercultural encounters between long-term regional residents and newer refugee-background migrant communities. These encounters, occurring in spatial contexts, are (re-)subjectivized by long-term residents and new migrants, and where differences and acceptance are contested and (re)constructed. In this paper I argue that the encounters that take place in these spaces, and the affective (dis)connections that are experienced, foster either a sense of belonging or non-belonging, inclusion or exclusion. I further argue that public spaces, as relational spaces, are not simply built environments that facilitate the flow of people and material objects but also spaces that reflect personal, local and national belonging and identities. This paper is based on ethnographic research investigating the experiences and interactions of Afghan Hazara migrants and long-term regional residents in a South Australian country town between 2014 and 2016.

Hit close to home: the moderating effects of past experiences on tourists’ on-site experiences and behavioral intention in post-earthquake site

ABSTRACTEchoing calls for further empirical research of exploring complex mechanism of dark tourism experiences, as well as following the series of studies on post-disaster recovery (Wenchuan earthquake in China), it takes an earthquake-ruined country town Beichuan as a study case to explore relationships between dark places, on-site experiences, and behavioral intentions. By using structural equation modeling, it proves that the framework of aroused memory, cognition-affection, satisfaction, and behavior intention (place protection) is an effective new approach to understand visitors’ psychological experiences in the contest of dark tourism. Most importantly, it innovatively proves in quantitative way that aroused memory (either firsthand or secondhand) is the antecedent factor that influences the on-site cognition and emotion, and past experience plays the moderating role affects both the extent and the inner relation of dark experiences between visitors who were exposed/not exposed to a specific dark event. The findings are also beneficial in guiding post-disaster site planning and management.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COGNITIVE DISORDER AND METABOLIC SYNDROME IN ELDERS IN A BRAZILIAN COMMUNITY

A metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with factors of cardiovascular risk possibly related to increased risks of Cognitive Disorders (CD)1,4,5. Genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors are some of the responsible for the line of predisposition and development of metabolic diseases as well as neurodegenerative disorders 2,7,8. cross-sectional, quantitative and correlational study. Were evaluated 110 participants (>65 years), users of public health system in a country town of the state of São Paulo. The following tests were applied: Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination - Revised (ACE-R)6, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)6, the MS was defined accordingly to the criteria established by the IDF (International Diabetes Federation)2. The sample is composed by majority of female (71.8%), mean 4.5 (±4.1) years of schooling, mean age of 72.3 (±6.4) years, use of medications (76.1%), 40, 9% with high BMI (overweight3), with MS and CD, 6.9% were found. No associations were found in the Chi-Square test between MS and ACE-R (p=.560) and MS with MMSE (p=.138). There was found important correlations using the Spearman's test between Weight X ACE-R(p=0.025/ρ=.213), Weight X ACE-R Attention-Guidance domain (p=.003/ρ=.283), Weight X ACE-R Language (p=0.028/ρ=.290), Weight X MEEM(ACE-R) (p=.007/ρ=.256), also presents correlations between Abdominal Circumference and ACE-R Attention-Guidance domain (p=.032/ρ=.205). CD did not show difference using the Mann-Whitney test when compared to groups with MS and without MS. There was also no difference in the MS to CD group and no CD and the domains that defined by ACE-R. there is no association between a MS and cognition, however, there was with one of its components and weight. As MS can compromise the quality of life in elderly, including testing that assess it can be of great value for a cognitive diagnosis with greater reliability. The adjustments of the components of MS at their ideal levels may be important for the prevention of CD.

Across the great divide: the economy of the inland corridor

In current debates about regional Australia, many observers point to a gap in incomes and access to services between Australia’s capital cities and the rest of the nation. Supporters of this view tend to see government intervention as necessary to reverse the declining fortunes of regions and encourage industries to relocate away from congested capital cities. An alternative view is that regional Australia has become differentiated, which suggests that more flexible government intervention, targeting regions that are capable of driving growth in local economies, is warranted. This paper considers the ways in which a historical perspective might shed light on this debate. An overview of the economic history of the Inland Corridor in the 19th and 20th centuries reveals complex patterns of conditions that varied across space and over time. A dense network of small towns, established when transport and manufacturing technologies were simple, provided a connection between primary producers and external markets. After World War I, technological and global forces weakened the traditional link between farm output and economic activity and left country towns vulnerable to decline. None of these trends is explained adequately by the ‘divide’ that contemporary observers perceived between politically powerful, parasitic capital cities and their resource-starved hinterlands. This suggests that it is more appropriate to see the regional Australia of today as an evolving system of conditions, with some regions diversifying and responding to new economic opportunities more effectively than others, rather than a sector that is in general decline.

Study and demonstration of pressure wave-based leak detection in a district heating network

A district heating network (DHN) is one of the most important infrastructures in cities and towns of countries with colder weather. Citizens generally use DHN services for hot water supply all year round and also for space heating during winter. It is important that in case of an accident this service would be restored as soon as possible, causing minimal damage or inconveniences for the customers. In addition, it is important to minimise losses of the DHN operator. This study demonstrated a possibility of leak location in DHN using the data from the pressure sensors in the network, employing the negative pressure wave (NPW) method. The mass balance in the DHN is measured at the heating source, which acts as a confirmation of a leak in a closed system. The experiments in the real DHN were performed and the data was used to trace the leak location. Numerical modelling tools were used to model pressure transients during pipe break accident under various conditions in order to predict the effectiveness and limitations of the leak detection system.

Noohistory and noosciences about the possibility of the second ukrainian world spiritualization

Article is based on noohistory &amp; noosciences that are the combination of new discoveries with the best cultural heritage and directed toward the future not the past. Achievements of geneticists, physicists and other scientists on the renewal of agriculture and animal husbandry appearance are suggested. Authors proved that Ukrainians are direct descendants of those who created productive agriculture the Middle East. Having chosen the place for Motherland on the black soil and having combined with hunter-Aryans, Trypillians had being formed. They are the only in the world who domesticated horse, invented the wheeled transport, organized a giant space Great Trypillia based on a combination of copper mines Karhaly, "country towns" and other agricultural areas. A cloud of tags had been growing for thousands of years (historians called it "Proto Indo-European Language - PIEL" by mistake), and cultural and economic influence on Eurasia. Great Trypillia suddenly disappeared under attack of "volcanic winter" - Santorini volcano explosion. This was the impetus for the famous Aryan migrations (or Trypillians) with many linguistic, cultural and economic consequences. It was the first global gift of Ukrainians to all Indo-European peoples (spiritualisation №1). It changed the world forever and even now provides human progress. The authors discovered the sphere of nootechnologies and proposed "cloud nootags" - a set of words and concepts of the XXIst century. Transmission to nootechnologies will save mankind from the threat of collapse, and the use of more than 150 new words will change the basis of values and principles of conduct. All Ukraine has to become a world leader in the use noolexicon and Ukrainians for the second time have the chance for noospiritualisation of humanity

Contributions to Anatolian History and Numismatics 13-14

Contributions to Anatolian History and Numismatics 13-14

Local newspaper reporting humanitarian migrants’ settlement experience in an Australian country town

This article explores local media reporting about South Sudanese humanitarian migrants moving into a Victorian rural country town in Australia. In contrast with often cited negative media reporting on migrants, the newspaper articles examined positively construct South Sudanese humanitarian migrants as Australian citizens, attempting to reduce anxiety and uncertainty about the presence of these strangers in a country town without prior experience of African migrants. The news reports, however, also hint at discursive power relations within the community; locals and newcomers exist amid the supportive work of local volunteers. News stories illuminate layered cultural power defining the new relationship yet also indicate everyday possibilities for building micro-level inter-ethnic relations.

Willemsdorp by Herman Charles Bosman: The small-town locale as fictional vehicle for commentary on social and moral issues in the South African historical context

Herman Charles Bosman’s short stories are stylistically and thematically different from his novels. With the exception of “A Bekkersdal marathon” and “Sold down the river” all Bosman’s short stories, numbering more than one hundred, take the South African farm as their setting. Bosman’s first novel, Jacaranda in the Night, of which his second novel Willemsdorp is a reworking, followed his sojourn (1942–43) as a journalist in the country town of Pietersburg in the Northern Transvaal region of South Africa. It appears that Bosman’s light-hearted, if tragicomic, lampooning of the South African farm and its inhabitiants (in his short stories) was replaced in his small-town novels by a dark satire of South African society during the Union period. In Willemsdorp Bosman holds up a mirror to the small town microcosm in order to reveal a (rather unpleasant) picture of the national macrocosm. Willemsdorp had been subjected to censorship at the time of first publication (1977) because of the writer’s response to the mechanisms of prevailing racist ideology such as the Immorality Act, which resulted in his representation in the novel of police sadism towards people participating in interracial sexual acts. The reassessment of Willemsdorp that emerged with the publication of the full, uncensored text in 1998 has made it possible to establish its significance as a precursor of politically engaged protest literature in apartheid South Africa. It is perhaps for this reason that biographer and editor Stephen Gray in an introduction to the 1998 edition dubs it “the most important single item among the Bosman Texas papers”.

Beef, pork and mutton: An archaeological survey of meat consumption in medieval and postmedieval towns in the southern Low Countries (Flanders & Brussels, Belgium)

A survey is presented of archaeozoological information from medieval and postmedieval towns in the southern Low Countries (the present regions of Flanders and Brussels, in Belgium). Diachronic changes in the consumption of the three main domestic meat-suppliers (cattle, pig, sheep) in nine towns are investigated, and trends are compared among these towns. At the same time, possible geographical differences in meat consumption are traced. The observed differences in time and space are then explained as part of the economics of animal husbandry and of the interaction between town and countryside. From a methodological standpoint, this survey demonstrates that in a number of cases, information from archaeozoological contexts with varying depositional histories, often reflecting different socio-economic strata, can be combined to obtain a picture of meat consumption, and thus of the town's food provisioning, through time.

The racialisation of local heritage

The region of Camden, located on the outskirts of Sydney, is a growing area set to morph from a country town to a thriving suburban district. In 2007, a Sydney Islamic charity sought to build an Islamic school in the region. Local opponents protested the application in ways that expressed contemporary forms of anti-Muslim racisms in Australia. This article pays close attention to the narratives of heritage within these voices of opposition, as a sizeable number of protesters claimed the school would violate the local settler heritage in Camden. In uncovering these discourses, it was evident that a narrative of white peaceful settlement informed the ways locals mobilised local heritage in relation to the school. The racialisation and whiteness of local heritage negated the Aboriginal presence and history in Camden, and provided a template for the maintenance of white colonial hegemony and the construction of many racialised discourses. Further, these racialisations underpinned the popular anti-Muslim sentiment expressed in ways that positioned local heritage as that of national significance.