Country Of Origin Research Articles

Unauthentic Information About Celiac Disease on Social Networking Pages: Is It a Matter of Concern in Celiac Disease Management?

Facebook (FB) is the most popular online networking platform. Many celiac disease Facebook (CD-FB) pages spread awareness about celiac disease (CD). To get the latest information, patients with CD frequently follow such pages. However, little is known about whether such pages provide authentic and reliable information. This study aims to investigate whether CD-FB pages spread misleading information to patients with CD. On the Facebook social networking platform, CD-FB pages created in three celiac-prevalent countries (Italy, the USA, and India) were explored using different combinations of keywords. The type/category of the CD-FB page, country of origin, purpose, page web link, and number of followers/members were documented in a Microsoft spreadsheet. All posts distributed on selected CD-FB pages in the last 3 years were thoroughly screened. From August 2022 to March 2023, a total of 200 CD-FB pages from Italy, the USA, and India were explored. Out of these 200 pages, 155 CD-FB (Italy 70; the USA 46; India 39) were found eligible. Of them, 20 (13%) CD-FB pages (Italy 4; the USA 5; India 11) shared misleading information about CD. Surprisingly, 11 (8%) of these 20 pages (Italy 0; the USA 2; India 9) supported alternative treatment options for CD. CD-FB pages are useful for disseminating celiac-disease-related information. While most such pages provide useful information, 13% of CD-FB pages allow misleading information. Patients with CD should consult their treating unit before following any uncertain information posted on CD-FB pages.

Cultural, Clinical, and Sociolinguistic Considerations in the Neurocognitive Assessment and Care in Arabic-speaking Patients with Dementia

Abstract Recent research from many Arabic-speaking countries indicates that the aging population is more prone to certain neurodegenerative diseases. This increased vulnerability implies exploring the specific needs and challenges faced by individuals with dementia within these communities. Neurocognitive interventions and assessment-based protocols for dementia have recently shifted from a disease-centered approach to a person-centered care model, which recognizes people with dementia as psychosocial individuals who live and interact in a particular sociocultural and linguistic context. This shifting paradigm embraces a more holistic approach, acknowledging the significant impact of their psychosocial functioning as well as their experience of the disease. In this context, we provide an overview of dementia in Arabic-speaking people with Alzheimer’s disease, with a focus on sociolinguistic and sociocultural profiles. We detail the cultural aspects that should be incorporated into cognitive testing and care for their home or host countries if they are migrants. We discuss the limits of diagnosis, neurocognitive testing, and therapeutic interventions in this context. We formulate a set of recommendations for clinicians dealing with neurocognitive disorders, related to the acculturation and diglossic differences between the dialect spoken by the clinician and the client. However, limited access to interpreters and the lack of adapted resources can reveal deeper issues which require systemic solutions. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of cultural differences in language, culture, and country of origin. Many so-called “ethnic, translinguistic, and diglossic misunderstandings” are linked to poor linguistic comprehension, language barriers, and illiteracy.

Data driven food fraud vulnerability assessment using Bayesian Network: Spices supply chain

Recognizing the vulnerabilities that arise in the spices' supply chain for food fraud, determining which products and food fraud types to assess is crucial for ensuring food quality and food safety. In this study, we developed a data driven food fraud vulnerability assessment approach based on a Bayesian Network (BN) and Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to predict the food fraud vulnerability level for products entering Europe including the food fraud types and potential adulterants for each step in the supply chain. The BN model was developed using a dataset based on spice-related fraud cases reported in the European Union (EU) Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) over the period 2005–2020. Three use cases were explored in the study: chilli, black pepper, and turmeric. The model showed a prediction accuracy higher than 95%. The vulnerability factors in the spices’ supply chain having the highest prediction accuracy for fraud are closely associated with the product concerned, the site of intervention and the country of origin of the product. A food fraud vulnerability assessment approach developed in this study could support the food industry and authorities to be more efficient in resource allocation for monitoring and verification whilst maximising their opportunity in detecting a fraudulent product.

Binational Identities and Experiences of Discrimination in the Context of Migration: The Role of Transnational Family Ties and Practices

ABSTRACT Previous research suggests that migrants develop binational identities – a sense of belonging to both their country of origin and of settlement. These identities, in turn, are determined by the way they are treated by the majority population of the receiving society. This article aims to contribute nuance to these understandings of binational identities and experiences of origin-based discrimination in migrants by bringing in a further perspective: transnationalism. In particular, we suggest that transnational family ties and practices increase migrants’ sense of belonging to their country of origin and additionally moderate the impact of origin-based discrimination on the sense of belonging to the country of origin and settlement. We test these hypotheses based on a representative survey among the migrant population in Germany. While findings confirm the hypothesis regarding a direct relationship between transnational family ties and practices and sense of belonging, the moderation hypothesis was not confirmed. Instead, by tendency the relationship is more pronounced among participants without transnational family ties and practices. Findings highlight the importance of the transnational perspective to further contextualize the relationship of origin-based discrimination to binational identities among migrants, thus to investigate the role of social context in binational identity formation.

Playing Kioku Reduces Loneliness in Older Adults: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: Playing together increases social connectedness, and it may be a tool to reduce loneliness. Research into the mental health benefits of board games is underdeveloped. Objectives: The study aims to examine the effects of the Kioku board game on well-being outcomes. The Kioku board game was developed in order to enable small group interactions with a focus on encouraging participants to create stories through mutual attention and interaction. We hypothesized that following a weekly intervention for 12 weeks, players would report a decrease in loneliness and an increase in well-being, compared with nonplayers. Methods: During the summer of 2022, participants in groups of 4-5 players, chose a cube word and narrated a story. A sample of 151 older adults (Mean age = 75.05 ± 6.46 years) recruited from seven community activity centers in Israel was assigned by block randomization to an intervention (n = 72) or a control group (n = 79), awaiting 4-6 weeks for future participation. Loneliness (UCLA loneliness scale) and well-being (World Health Organization 5-item scale) were evaluated at baseline and at 12 weeks. Results: A two-way repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) (Group × Time) controlling for age, country of origin, and marital status revealed significant interaction effects for loneliness [F(1, 146) = 178.04, n2 = 0.549, P < 0.001] and well-being [F(1, 146) = 69.14, n2 = 0.321, P < 0.001]. Loneliness decreased in the intervention group (mean difference: 0.62 points, P < 0.001), and increased in the control group (mean difference: 0.18 points, P = 0.001). Well-being increased in the intervention group (mean difference: 0.79 points, P < 0.001) and decreased in the control group (mean difference: 0.20 points, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings support the effectiveness of the Kioku board game intervention for decreasing loneliness and promoting well-being in older adults, who might still be coping with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Impact Of Ict On The Reading And Writing Process In Covid-19 Times

A documentary review was conducted on the production and publication of research papers related to the study of ICT, Literacy, and Covid-19 variables. The purpose of the bibliometric analysis proposed in this paper was to know the main characteristics of the volume of publications registered in the Scopus database during the period 2020-2022, achieving the identification of 111 publications. The information provided by this platform was organized employing tables and figures categorizing the information by Year of Publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge, and Type of Publication. Once these characteristics were described, a qualitative analysis was used to refer to the position of the different authors on the proposed topic. Among the main findings of this research was that Spain, with 11 publications, was the country with the highest scientific production registered in the name of authors affiliated with institutions of that nation. The area of knowledge that contributed most to the construction of bibliographic material referring to the study of the variables Entrepreneurship, Technology, and Innovation was Social Sciences with 61 published documents, and the type of publication most used during the period mentioned was Journal Articles with 67% of the total scientific production.

Children’s sex composition and transition to higher-order birth among Turkish migrants in Europe and their non-migrant counterparts in Turkey: does having a son matter?

ABSTRACT A growing literature examines parental sex preferences for their children among migrant communities in Western countries and investigates whether migrants’ preferences align with those of the native population. Changes in preference may indicate cultural and structural assimilation into the destination country. We adopted a dissimilation from origins conceptual perspective and compared migrants’ behavior to that of their non-migrant peers in the origin country. We used the unique 2000 Families dataset, which includes multi-generational data on both early labor migrants to Europe and non-migrants from the same regions of origin in Turkey. The study provides the first examination of parental sex preferences for their children and fertility among Turkish migrants and their descendants in Europe and their non-migrant counterparts in Turkey. The findings show ongoing son preference among first-generation migrants and their children, thus supporting the theory of cultural persistence.

Country-of-Origin Effect in the Marketing of Sports Shoes among University Students

The aim of this study is to examine the Country-of-Origin (COO) effect in the marketing of sports shoes among university students. 156 university students were randomly distributed into three groups and exposed to a fictitious sports shoes’ advertisement. COO information was not provided in the Control Group (n = 53). The experimental groups were provided information on COO from either a country with high COO scores (n=50) or low COO scores (n=53). A one-way ANCOVA found that there was a significant difference in Perception of Quality of the sports shoes between groups, F(2,152) = 2.98, p &lt;.10 with respondents exposed to the advertisement featuring a country with high COO scores reporting the highest level of perceived quality. However, there was no significant difference across the groups for purchase intention. This suggests that COO effect exists for perception of quality but does not translate to purchase intention. Keywords: perception of quality, purchase intention, advertising, sports, footwear

Between meeting quotas and following the duty-bound heart: navigating the formidable dilemma of refugee protection in the EU

The provision of refuge to those fleeing persecution and danger is a complex matter that cannot be reduced to simply meeting admission quotas. While numerical targets for refugee admissions may seem like a straightforward way to ensure states are doing their fair share, an overemphasis on numbers risks obscuring the deeper moral issues at play. A truly robust approach to refugee protection requires that states act from the right kinds of reasons - a genuine commitment to the duty to provide safe haven to all refugees, regardless of their country of origin or the political expediency of admitting them. The worry is that if a state’s willingness to accept refugees fluctuates based on domestic political preferences and perceptions of national interest, rather than an unwavering recognition of the moral claims of the forcibly displaced, then the protection provided to refugees becomes contingent and precarious. A disposition to selectively protect only certain refugees undermines the very concept of refuge. However, in our non-ideal world, a commitment to the principle of robust refugee protection can run up against the hard reality of state non-compliance. If the only way to get some states to fulfil their duties is to allow them leeway in choosing which refugees to admit, we face a serious moral dilemma. Relaxing the demands of robustness may enable larger raw numbers of people to access refuge in the near term. However, it also risks eroding the norm of impartial consideration and creating a two-tier system of refugee protection. Ultimately, I argue, the dilemma between refugee numbers and robustness has no fully satisfying solution - it is an unavoidable product of our current circumstances of injustice and non-compliance. The best we can do is seek arrangements that ease this tension over time. This requires taking a nuanced, context-sensitive approach attuned to real-world constraints and trade-offs while still keeping sight of the moral lodestar of genuinely unconditional refuge for all who need it.

The comparison of the quality of selected brands of antibiotics in Tanzania sourced from different geographical regions.

The quality of amoxicillin capsules, ceftriaxone for injection, and ciprofloxacin tablets was evaluated to determine whether there is any difference in quality when comparing the country of origin. This was undertaken because it has been claimed that antibiotics manufactured in Europe are of superior quality to those originating from Africa or Asia. Samples of amoxicillin capsules, ceftriaxone for injection, and ciprofloxacin tablets were collected from three randomly selected wholesale pharmacies in each city, namely Arusha, Dar es Salaam and Mwanza, Tanzania. The collected samples of collected brands were subjected to quality control testing as per their respective pharmacopoeial monographs. Amoxil 250 mg capsules (Glaxo Wellcome, Mayenne, France), Rocephin (Roche, Switzerland) and Cipro-Denk 500 (Allphamed Pharbil Arzneimittel GmbH, Gottingen, Germany) were used as reference brands for the other generic brands of amoxicillin, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin, respectively. A total of 31 brands (10 different brands of amoxicillin capsules, 9 of ceftriaxone sodium injections, and 12 of ciprofloxacin tablets) were collected from the targeted regions and subjected to quality control testing. All samples of collected brands complied with the requirements of their respective pharmacopoeial monographs. There was no significant difference in quality between brands of amoxicillin capsules, ceftriaxone for injection, and ciprofloxacin tablets manufactured in Africa and Asia against those manufactured in Europe in terms of compliance with the respective pharmacopoeial monographs.

Friendly advice: socializing shaming in the committee against torture

ABSTRACT This article examines whether the relationship between the members of the United Nations’ Treaty Bodies’ (TB) home countries and the countries reviewed by these bodies is significant to the amount and style of criticism the reviewed country receives. This article explains why the source–target relationship is significant to shaming. It defines two shaming styles – Socializing shaming and Disciplining shaming and defines elements that enable the identification of shaming styles. Utilizing data on CAT shaming from 2001 to 2022 and on TB members’ country of origin it shows through regression analysis that the existence of a trade partnership between TB members’ home countries and reviewed countries results in more criticism. This article qualitatively identifies elements of Socializing versus Disciplining shaming in the communications with countries that are trade partners of the TB members’ home countries. It finds that Socializing shaming elements are more prevalent. This article draws theoretical, empirical and policy conclusions.

The external dimension of Italian migration policy in the wider Mediterranean

ABSTRACT This article provides the first systematic and comprehensive analysis of the external dimension of Italy’s migration policy (EXMIPO) in the broader Mediterranean, over the past three decades. Building on an original dataset spanning over 30 years and 125 instruments, it investigates how and to what extent Italy cooperated with countries of origin and transit in the management of migration flows. The article argues that the external dimension of Italy’s migration policy is far richer than initially expected. From the immediate neighbourhood, Italy’s EXMIPO has gradually extended well beyond its geographical borders. If initially, it relied on a strategy of issue-linkage between quotas and return agreements, this gradually faded away in favour of more informal tools. While governments’ political ideology did not play a key role in defining the direction of Italy’s EXMIPO tools, we find that the evolving dynamics of migratory flows, and the pursuit of flexible tools to promptly address rising numbers, were crucial aspects behind the country’s external migration policy.

A Good Signal: How Firms Can Utilize Country of Origin as a Strategic Analytical Tool

Abundant consumer data has made decision-making more complicated, rather than simple, for marketers. This raises an important question about which variables in the data contain reliable information for retailers to predict future consumer purchase value (CPV) to guide strategic decisions. The authors address this question by exploring the variables “distinctive choice of brand country of origin” (DBCOO) and “country of origin diversity” (COO diversity) as analytical tools to extract insights from consumer purchase data. Building on signaling theory, the authors theorize and empirically test that DBCOO and COO diversity in a consumer's purchase history can signal, and therefore help predict, CPV. Moreover, the authors explore high-involvement product categories and purchase frequency as boundary conditions to develop a comprehensive framework of COO signals as strategic analytical tools. They find that DBCOO in a consumer's purchase history indeed increases CPV and that this relationship is enhanced for high-involvement product categories but moderated curvilinearly by purchase frequency. Moreover, they find that the COO diversity–CPV link is positive but interacts negatively with both moderators. This allows retailers to successfully distinguish high- from low-CPV consumers and thus enables them to manage the marketing mix and resources more effectively.

Cinematic hometactics: negotiating belonging in first-person documentary

ABSTRACT This article approaches first-person filmmaking as a potential home-making practice – a hometactic – that can actively negotiate reality to set forth new modes of belonging. With a focus on negotiating belonging in the context of migration, I turn to Four Journeys (Louis Hothothot, 2022) as a case study, a first-person documentary that explores the relationship between suppressed memories of violence and lived experience of in-betweenness by tracing four separate journeys between China, Hothothot’s country of origin, and the Netherlands, his country of residence. My analysis of Four Journeys’s home-making efforts as permeated by a praxis of care needed to enact a sustainable mode of belonging in the aftermath of migration is combined with insights from an interview between the filmmaker and the author. On the basis of the case study, the article proposes and elaborates on three forms of home-making practices in relation to cinema: hometactics in film (the documentation of home-making in the film), camera as a hometactic (the act of filmmaking as a home-making process), and cinematic hometactics (the cinematic enactments of home). While this three-part analytic differentiation serves to unpack the diverse forms of cinema and/as hometactics, the article also addresses their overlap.

Skin cancer-associated genodermatoses in skin of color patients: a review.

Skin cancers are associated with a large number of genodermatoses. Existing knowledge and guidelines on the presentations of these genodermatoses focus disproportionately on White patients. Our goal is to identify notable characteristics in location, frequency, and severity of cutaneous findings along with the median age of skin cancers in skin-of-color (SOC) patients with skin-cancer-associated genodermatoses to improve diagnosis rates. We searched for genodermatoses on six databases. Each case report or case series was reviewed, including reports, published in English, containing adult patient descriptions. Duplicate manuscripts were removed using EndNote. The following case-level data were collected from the manuscripts: age, gender, patient country or region of origin, author country/continent of residence, skin cancer-related, and other key dermatologic features. 381 published articles, with a total of 578 SOC patients, met criteria for inclusion. SOC patients can present with fewer classic findings, such as a lower incidence of basal cell carcinomas (44%) in SOC Gorlin syndrome patients than palmar pits (66%) and mandibular cysts (66%). Differences between SOC populations were also noted, such as leukoplakia being more common in Asian dyskeratosis congenita patients (80%) in comparison to African dyskeratosis congenita patients (44%). SOC patients also have varying onset of skin cancer depending on the genodermatosis, from a median of 25years of age in Rothmund-Thomson syndrome to 53 in Muir-Torre syndrome. In this review, SOC patients with genodermatoses can have varying presentations. Being cognizant of these characteristics may lead to earlier diagnosis and interventions to mitigate skin-cancer-related morbidity in SOC patients.

Prevalence Rates of Tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Hepatitis B and C among Migrant Workers in Jordan

Abstract Introduction: Migration across national borders is an influential factor of consideration in the control of infectious diseases. Therefore, including migrants in surveillance and screening programs as well as linkage to care is mandatory to meet the public health targets of countries and regions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among migrant workers applying for work permits in Jordan during the period 2018–2020. The findings of this study are expected to guide health policy to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in Jordan. Methods: During the period 2018–2020, 439,622 migrant workers underwent routine testing for TB, HIV, and hepatitis B and C. Demographic, laboratory, and clinical data for those migrants were retrieved from the Directorate of Chest Diseases and Immigrants Health records. The overall prevalence of the mentioned diseases as well as by subgroups was calculated. Results: The prevalence rates of TB and HIV among migrants were 54 per 100,000 migrants (11 per 100,000 male migrants and 138 per 100,000 female migrants, P &lt; 0.001) and 21 per 100,000 (11 per 100,000 male migrants and 41 per 100,000 female migrants, P &lt; 0.001), respectively. The prevalence of hepatitis B was 10 per 1000 migrants (12 per 1000 male migrants and 7 per 1000 female migrants, P &lt; 0.001) and the prevalence of hepatitis C was 37 per 1000 (51 per 1000 male migrants and 10 per 1000 female migrants, P &lt; 0.001). The prevalence of all studied conditions varied significantly according to gender, age, occupation, and country of origin. Conclusions: The prevalence rates of TB, HIV, HBV, and HCV were generally higher among migrants than Jordanians. Evidence-based health policies need to be drafted that aim to address migrant workers health care to ensure the lowest possible risk from infectious diseases to the people of Jordan is maintained. The study findings can inform the formulation of immigration and public health policies, including screening requirements for migrant workers, health insurance provisions, labor regulations, and support services for those with these conditions.

Early action in the asylum support sector: a scoping review

People seeking asylum often have a range of complex social, emotional and economic needs that may be exacerbated by the hostile reception that they often receive. These needs and the stress of navigating asylum systems leave asylum seekers vulnerable to crisis, with refused asylum seekers particularly vulnerable. Even after receiving settled status of some form, barriers to accessing employment or housing and other services remain, as do the impacts of trauma, abuse, and loss sustained in the country of origin, during flight, or during the wait to receive settled status, again leaving refugees vulnerable to crisis. Early action can both have benefits for the individual asylum seeker and reduce the need for costly crisis interventions. This scoping review explores best practice in early action in the voluntary sector, while identifying gaps in the evidence base.

Human papillomavirus vaccine coverage among immigrant adolescents in Alberta: a population-based cohort study.

Little is known about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among immigrant children in Canada. We conducted a study in Alberta, Canada to assess HPV vaccine coverage among school-aged immigrant children compared with non-immigrant children. This cohort study analysed population-based linked administrative health data to measure HPV vaccine coverage for 346749 school-aged children, including 31656 immigrants. Coverage was examined at 12y of age from 2008 to 2018 for females, and from 2014 to 2018 for males and both sexes combined; vaccine series completion was considered receipt of three doses, with initiation (one or more dose) as a supplementary analysis. Multivariable logistic regression examined the association of vaccine coverage with migration status, adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Between 2014 and 2018, HPV vaccination coverage among immigrant children at age 12y was significantly higher (52.58%) compared with non-immigrant children (47.41%). After controlling for place of residence, income quintile, biological sex and year, immigrant children had 1.10 greater odds (95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.14) of receiving three doses of HPV vaccine compared with non-immigrant children. Immigrants from Asia and Africa had the highest coverage (60.25-68.78%), while immigrants from North America, Oceania and South America had the lowest coverage (39.97-48.36%). It is encouraging that immigrant children had higher HPV vaccine coverage compared with non-immigrants. Among immigrants, routine immunization promotion strategies should be tailored based on the country of origin.

#2979 Patients referred to nephrology consultation from African countries of Portuguese official language: a Portuguese single-center cohort study

Abstract Background and Aims Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with African population being at increased risk. Nevertheless, access to treatment for CKD is restricted in African countries resulting in premature death. The latest statistics point to an annual referral to Portugal of around 900 patients from those countries for medical reasons—of which only 5% corresponds to Nephrology referrals. However, this protocol is burdened with high social and economic impact, consuming 50% of the funds budgeted by the Portuguese government (estimated at 3 million euros annually). The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, reasons for the referral and outcomes of patients from African Countries of Portuguese Official Language (ACPOL) to a nephrology consultation in a tertiary hospital in Portugal under a cooperation protocol. Method Single-center retrospective analysis of 131 African patients referred to our nephrology department between 2014 and 2023. Results Only 84 patients (64%) ended up being evacuated from their country of origin and attended the nephrology consultation in Portugal. The mean age was 46 ± 14 years and 55% were male. Thirty-two patients were from Guinea-Bissau (38%), 24 from São Tomé and Príncipe (29%), 22 from Cape Verde (26%), and 6 from Angola (7%). The motives for referral to a tertiary center were advanced CKD in 58 patients (69%), nephrotic syndrome in 21 patients (25%), and hemodialysis (HD) vascular access dysfunction in 5 of the cases (6%). In the group of patients referred with advanced CKD the mean eGFR was 16 ± 10 ml/min, all patients had hypertension, 20% had diabetes and 9% presented heart failure. More than half (56%) needed hospitalization with urgent need of dialysis and all patients started HD with a central venous catheter. During the follow-up, four patients died (5%), two patients (2.3%) transitioned to peritoneal dialysis and 70% were on kidney transplant waiting list. Patients referred with nephrotic syndrome had a mean eGFR of 71 ± 49 ml/min/1,73 m2 and a median urine albumin/creatinine ratio (uACR) of 6.9 [IQR 4.7-8.8] g/g. Kidney biopsy was performed in 90% of the cases, with membranous nephropathy (37.5%) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (25%) being the two most frequent diagnosis. Only two patients returned to their origin country; the remaining prolonged their stay due to unavailability of resources for appropriate treatment in their country of origin. Conclusion These data emphasize the inequality in access to healthcare in African countries and highlights the urgent need for investment, especially in CKD, as it contributes to serious consequences in these patients’ survival and morbidity. With the cooperation protocol, Portugal provides the possibility for these patients to be evacuated and treated in specialized nephrology departments, improving their outcomes. However, our study shows that there is still a lot to be done since just over 60% of referred patients manage to reach Portugal. The entire evacuation process remains extremely delayed, a fact shown by the need for patients to start urgent HD and that more than half of them require hospitalization upon arrival at the nephrology department, with a high economic burden.

United States Migration, case of the Mixteca of Oaxaca

This article presents a bibliographic review research, analyzed qualitatively on the indigenous migration of the Mixtec people of Oaxaca and their main destination to the United States of America. The migration of the Mixtec of Oaxaca is a phenomenon that transcends cultural, economic and social borders, and its impact on the countriesof origin and destination, the theoretical work focuses on the Mixtec region of Oaxaca and the impact it has on the indigenous language Mixtec of that region.