Country Of Origin Research Articles

Return, adaptation, and transnational relations among Estonian citizens returned from Finland

ABSTRACT A growth in return migration has prompted increasing inquiries into its effects on the countries of origin and the adaptation of returning migrants. This article studies the return, adaptation, and transnational relations among Estonian citizens returned from Finland. The material derives from interviews of 41 Estonian speakers and 19 Russian speakers who returned to Estonia. Many migrants made the actual return decision rather rapidly. Overall, most returned migrants adapted easily to Estonia. Most returned to work and had intensive social networks in Estonia. They maintained contact with Finland but often mainly with Estonians living there. Only a few consider onward migration.

Intencionalidad de abandono escolar temprano. Un estudio sobre la vinculación de la identidad

The early school dropout rate in Spain stands at 13.6 %, a percentage higher than the European average. This is a phenomenon influenced by multifactorial aspects, including factors related to the educational system as well as individual characteristics. The objective of this research is to determine the influence of factors related to individual identity on early school dropout, such as gender, age, country of origin, mother tongue, and place of residence. The study is conducted through the administration of a specifically developed questionnaire to a sample of 1157 students from La Rioja in the final years of compulsory secondary education. Data analysis is performed through descriptive analysis, examining percentage differences between groups and represented with line graphs. The results show differences based on age, gender, and place of residence. Additionally, differences are observed between national and foreign students, especially those with a non-Spanish mother tongue. The main findings indicate that certain identity traits substantially influence whether students continue their educational process. Therefore, educational institutions should be aware of these potentially risky identity aspects in order to develop proactive actions for at-risk students, thereby avoiding future early school dropout.

African Immigrant Women's Experiences of Maternity Care in the United States.

The purpose of this study was to explore maternity care experiences of African immigrant women during the perinatal period including factors affecting access to and use of care. We used Sandelowski's (2010) qualitative descriptive approach to examine how African immigrant women from various countries of origin and with diverse ethnic backgrounds experienced and navigated the maternity care system in the United States during pregnancy and childbirth. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 African immigrant women living in the Columbus, Ohio area. Participants were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling between February 2021 and May 2021. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a reflexive thematic analysis approach. Four major themes defined the experiences of our study participants: access to information, patient-clinician relationships, experiences of discrimination, and costs of maternity care. Findings highlight key barriers to providing quality and acceptable maternity care to African immigrant women at multiple levels. This group's unique barriers underlie the importance of incorporating their diverse experiences into maternity care models and clinical practice. Further research is needed to evaluate and improve maternity care for African immigrant women.

The Politics of Women’s Migration in Jamaica Kincaid’s Lucy

Purpose: This research explores how women in Lucy migrate from their former location to a new one to overcome trauma and better their lives but instead in their new environment they experience suppression and undergo worse situations than their former place. Methodology: Qualitative research was used to write this paper since it involves textual analysis, so the research design is explanatory and the data is presented in running text. Information of this research paper was gathered from the primary source (Lucy) and secondary sources (Global Woman: Nannies, Maids and Sex Workers in the New Economy, Women who Go and Women Who Stay: Reflections of Family Migration Processes in a Changing World, The Role of Female Migration in Development Towards a Transnational Perspective on Migration: Race, Class, Ethnicity and Nationalism Reconsidered, Women in Movement: Feminism and Social Action, International Migration: The Female Experience and Situation and Role of Migrant Women: Specific Adaptation and Integration Problems). Feminism was deemed a suitable theory on which this research paper could be hitched, in order to show how informal international migration causes underdevelopment in the country of origin and poor standard of living in the new environment. Findings: It is realized that the informal international migration of Kincaid’s protagonist and intra-national migration of other characters in Lucy fail to bear any good fruit, instead Lucy is nostalgic and she becomes wayward in her new environment. The other characters are not also happy in their new environment despite the fact that feminists condemn violence against women perpetuated by patriarchy and sexism in any place in which women find themselves. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and: This research will make people to understand that international migration without the notice of the government of both countries involved is not mostly fruitful. Since there is a reason (fate) for one to originate from a particular country, one needs to grow and work in it. Intra-national migration can be encouraged for those who wish to change environment. This study will also deepen discussion in the field of feminism and post-colonialism. In the theory of feminism this research will help feminists to understand better that women and men are unique, they complement each other. There are some tasks that women cannot do and succeed like men. In Lucy, Lewis is happy in the end after migrating whereas Maria and Lucy are not. As for the theory of post-colonialism, it would help postcolonial critics to dwell more on the present situation in the postcolonial societies rather than the past. Readers of this article will help familiarize it to leaders of the world to make their environments more comfortable for their citizens, so that informal international migration can easily be stopped. Their citizens will greatly contribute in the development of their countries and the emigrants would be at peace at home because it is very difficult for one to be genuinely accepted in a foreign environment.

The Emigration Conundrum: EU Countries of Origin of Migrants Between Integration and Demarcation

AbstractBased on an analysis of parliamentary debates and party manifestos from 2000 to 2022 in three EU countries of emigration, this article responds to the following question: How emigration is discussed in the political discourse, by whom and why? The research on Poland, Portugal and Romania reveals that parties of the left and right address the societal impacts of emigration whilst simultaneously acknowledging the appreciation of citizens of EU freedoms. Tackling this conundrum, parties call for domestic demarcation for an issue that is partially European. They advocate for state intervention to improve working and living conditions and express concern for the sustainability of the national community responding to demographic changes. The variation amongst the case countries is evident in the dominance of a rightist framing in Central and Eastern Europe, emphasizing state intervention and concerns for the nation, and a leftist framing in Southern Europe, advocating solely for state intervention into the economy. Differently structured party systems and strength of cleavages explain this variation.

International medical learners and their adjustment after returning to their countries of origin: a qualitative study

IntroductionInternational medical trainees, including residents and fellows, must cope with many challenges, such as differences in cultural hierarchical systems, languages, and acceptance. Nonetheless, the need for adjustment perpetuates even after training is completed abroad. When some international trainees return to their countries of origin, they continue to face adjustment challenges due to reverse culture shock. Others must make many further readjustments. This study presents an exploration of the adjustment and coping strategies of international medical learners after returning to their countries of origin upon completion of their programs.MethodThis study employed a qualitative approach grounded in interpretivism and utilised inductive thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke’s method. Semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews were employed to explore the participants’ coping strategies. Participants included international medical learners who were (1) international medical graduates who had already returned to their countries of origin, (2) non-Canadian citizens or nonpermanent residents by the start of the programs, and (3) previously enrolled in a residency or fellowship training programme at the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ResultsSeventeen participants were included. Three main themes and seven subthemes were created from the analysis and are represented by the Ice Skater Landing Model. According to this model, there are three main forces in coping processes upon returning home: driving, stabilising, and situational forces. The sum and interaction of these forces impact the readjustment process.ConclusionInternational medical learners who have trained abroad and returned to their countries of origin often struggle with readjustment. An equilibrium between the driving and stabilising forces is crucial for a smooth transition. The findings of this study can help stakeholders better understand coping processes. As healthy coping processes are related to job satisfaction and retention, efforts to support and shorten repatriation adjustment are worthwhile.

SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance of migrants arriving to Europe through the Mediterranean routes.

The implementation genomic-based surveillance on emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants in low-income countries, which have inadequate molecular and sequencing capabilities and limited vaccine storage, represents a challenge for public health. To date, there is little evidence on molecular investigations of SARS-CoV-2 variants in areas where they might emerge. We report the findings of an experimental SARS-CoV-2 molecular surveillance programme for migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers arriving to Europe via Italy through the Mediterranean Sea. We descriptively analysed data on migrants collected at entry points in Sicily from February 2021 to May 2022. These entry points are integrated with a network of laboratories fully equipped for molecular analyses, which performed next-generation sequencing and used Nextclade and the Pangolin coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) tools for clade/lineage assignment. We obtained 472 full-length SARS-CoV-2 sequences and identified 12 unique clades belonging to 31 different lineages. The delta variant accounted for 43.6% of all genomes, followed by clades 21D (Eta) and 20A (25.4% and 11.4%, respectively). Notably, some of the identified lineages (A.23.1, A.27, and A.29) predicted their introduction into the migration area. The mutation analysis allowed us to identify 617 different amino acid substitutions, 156 amino acid deletions, 7 stop codons, and 6 amino acid insertions. Lastly, we highlighted the geographical distribution patterns of some mutational profiles occurring in the migrants' countries of origin. Genome-based molecular surveillance dedicated to migrant populations from low-resource areas may be useful for forecasting new epidemiological scenarios related to SARS-CoV-2 variants or other emerging pathogens, as well as for informing the updating of vaccination strategies.

From Scholarly to Social Emancipation: Reflections Regarding the Academic Peregrination of Romanian Women to Western Universities

This research article questions and analyzes the impact of academic peregrination to Western European Universities upon the career paths of Romanian women, in the last part of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. It highlights various patterns regarding the ways the Romanian women who studied abroad subsequently chose to put into practice their hardearned knowledge. Based on a number of individual feminine biographies, it examines how these women forged careers in the Romanian educational and scientific world (with a particular interest on higher education institutions) or, as an alternative, how they became important figures in the charitable sector. For the most part, the Romanian female students trained in Western Europe between 1880 and 1945 had a significant contribution to the modernization of their country of origin. They equally influenced the gradual change of women’s social, economic and cultural status in Romania and in Europe, thus further bridging the gap between the eastern and the western states.

Organizational Resilience and Construction Materials: Technological Strategies to Enhance Sustainability in Construction Companies

A documentary review was carried out on the production and publication of research works related to the study of the variables Construction Companies, Innovation and Business Sustainability. The purpose of the bibliometric analysis proposed in this document was to know the main characteristics of the volume of publications registered in the Scopus database during the period 2018-2023, achieving the identification of 53 publications. The information provided by this platform was organized through graphs and figures categorizing the information by Year of Publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. Once these characteristics have been described, the position of different authors regarding the proposed theme is referenced through a qualitative analysis. Among the main findings made through this research, it is found that the United States with 8 publications was the country with the highest scientific production registered in the name of authors affiliated with institutions in that nation. The Area of Knowledge that made the greatest contribution to the construction of bibliographic material related to the study of the variables Marketing, Organizational Development and Times of Change was Administration, Business and Accounting with 18 published documents, and the most used Type of Publication during the period indicated above were Journal Articles with 50% of the total scientific production.

Legal Means to Protect Refugees: A Critical Study of Concepts Related to the Refugee Protection

This study delves into the comprehensive understanding of refugee protection by examining the legal concepts associated with international protection. It highlights key challenges refugee protection efforts face and explores the legal foundations and methodologies employed to achieve this objective. The research sheds light on international and regional legal mechanisms for safeguarding refugees while briefly discussing the protection of refugees in Islamic law. The central question addressed in this research revolves around the role of international and regional cooperation in providing effective protection and ensuring the safety of refugees. The study yields a range of findings and offers corresponding recommendations. Notably, the research underscores the significance of agreements as crucial legal instruments enacted to protect refugees. Furthermore, it emphasizes that the foremost guarantee for such protection lies in refraining from expelling or deporting refugees to their countries of origin without ensuring their safety upon return. The recommendations to advocate for countries to accede to international conventions on refugees and their protocols.

O-162 Ethnic disparity in the use of treatment with assisted reproductive technologies in Denmark

Abstract Study question Is ethnic background among 18-45-year-old women associated with initiating ART-treatment in Denmark? Summary answer Results indicate ethnic disparity in the use of ART-treatment, with immigrants and descendants having lower odds of initiating ART-treatment compared to women with Danish origin. What is known already The use of fertility treatment has increased over the past decades. Ethnic disparity exists in the use of health care, but there is limited knowledge about the association between ethnicity and use of fertility treatment. Previous studies have shown that women with lower socioeconomic position (SEP) have lower odds of initiating ART-treatment compared to women with higher SEP. Immigrants and descendants often have lower SEP compared to the general population, but specific mechanisms might be at play when residing and navigating in a new country and healthcare system. Study design, size, duration This is a national, register-based study based on the DANAC II cohort. Women initiating ART-treatment (IVF or ICSI) aged 18–45 were identified in the Danish IVF Register from 1994-2017. According to the time of ART-treatment women were included in the study and randomly age-matched with 10 untreated women in the background population. The study population consisted of 676.355 women. Participants/materials, setting, methods The probability of initiating ART-treatment was compared across ethnic groups and examined in logistic regression analysis. Migration status and country of origin were used as proxies for ethnic group in separate analysis. Age was accounted for by matching, and additional factors of interest such as SEP measures were classified as potential mediators and thus not included in the main analyses. The effect of duration of residence in Denmark was analysed separately among immigrants. Main results and the role of chance The study population consisted of 526.507 (78 %) women of Danish origin, 142.656 (21 %) were immigrants and 7.192 (1 %) descendants of immigrants. Among women of Danish origin 11 % had initiated ART-treatment compared to 5 % of immigrants and 9 % of descendants. Immigrants had 56 % lower odds of receiving first ART-treatment compared to women of Danish origin (OR 0,44, CI 95 % 0,43-0,45), while descendants had 22 % lower odds compared to women of Danish origin (OR 0,78, CI 95 % 0,72-0,84). Regarding the analysis looking at country of origin results showed that 3-4 % of women originating from western countries had received first ART-treatment, compared to 6-8 % of women originating from non-western countries. Women originating from western countries had between 65-78% lower odds for receiving first ART-treatment compared to women of Danish origin. Odds of receiving ART-treatment among women of non-western origin was between 34-47 % lower compared to women of Danish origin. This indicates that disparity in first ART-treatment is particularly distinctive among women of western origin, possibly explained by differences in reasons for migrating. Limitations, reasons for caution Information on the reason for infertility and desire to have children could have provided more insight into the disparity. Data about basis for residence could have provided information on reasons for immigration and duration of residence. Wider implications of the findings Infertility and childlessness can have severe consequences for individuals and society, and equal access to fertility treatment is important, not least in a universal welfare society. The results of this study indicate ethnic disparity in ART-treatment, and we encourage further research regarding the possible causes and barriers to initiate treatment. Trial registration number not applicable

Ethnic identity as a challenge to antidiscrimination law: protection, positionality and liminality

ABSTRACT Constitutions and antidiscrimination provisions tend to compartmentalise and operationalise ethnicity through religion, ethnic origin or country of origin, nationality, language and race. The growing focus on religion and race contributes to the entrenchment of ethnicity in religion and race, and this is not always fruitful. This article argues that antidiscrimination law should explicitly and robustly integrate ethnic identity as a protected (personal) characteristic in domestic law, independent of any other descriptors that may be recognised, and independent of existing group-based protections. Furthermore, this article argues that anti-discrimination infrastructure needs a provision of positionality and liminality. The concept of positionality facilitates the recognition of power dynamics present in the ascription of otherness, as well as the potential incongruences between identity ascription and actual self-identification. The concept of liminality enables the consideration of fluid and more flexible forms of self-identification across multiple public and private spaces.

Cognitive Skills and Their Development in Early Childhood

A documentary review was carried out on the production and publication of research papers related to the study of the variables Cognitive Skills and Early Childhood. The purpose of the bibliometric analysis proposed in this document was to know the main characteristics of the volume of publications registered in the Scopus database during the period 2017-2022 by Latin American institutions, achieving the identification of 72 publications. The information provided by this platform was organized through graphs and figures categorizing the information by Year of Publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. Once these characteristics have been described, the position of different authors regarding the proposed theme is referenced through a qualitative analysis. Among the main findings made through this research, it is found that Chile, with 22 publications, was the Latin American country with the highest scientific production registered in the name of authors affiliated with institutions in that nation. The Area of Knowledge that made the greatest contribution to the construction of bibliographic material related to the study of cognitive skills and their impact on growth and development in early childhood was Social Sciences with a total of 29 published documents, and the most used Type of Publication during the period indicated above were Journal Articles with 83% of the total scientific production.

Exploring the Telephone Call Experience of Patients with Non-English Language Preference in Primary Care vs. Specialty.

Latine people, comprising 18.5% of the US population, constitute the largest ethnic minority group, with nearly one-third self-identifying as having non-English language preference (NELP). Despite the importance of the telephone in health care access, there is limited understanding of how NELP patients navigate telephone calls with primary and specialty care clinics. This qualitative study aims to capture how Spanish speakers with NELP characterize their telephone call experiences with primary and specialty care clinics. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 Spanish-speaking participants from primary care clinics with a sizeable proportion of patients who prefer to communicate in a language other than English at an urban academic medical center in Boston, MA. Participants were selected from primary care clinics that were well-equipped to serve Spanish-speaking patients. A total of 24 Spanish-speaking patients with NELP, mainly women (83%), with a mean age of 55.8years, participated. They represented diverse countries of origin, with an average length of time in the USA of 21.7years. Interview questions prompted participants to describe their telephone call experiences with front desk staff, with attention to interpreter availability, ancillary assistance, health outcomes stemming from a lack of language services, and emotional consequences of language discordance on calls. Patients perceived primary care clinics as providing familiarity and language concordance during telephone interactions, contrasting with specialty care clinics, seen as sources of monolingual English communication. Participants utilized various strategies, such as requesting interpreters, using concise English phrases, or seeking assistance from acquaintances, relatives, or primary care clinic staff, to mitigate language barriers. The findings underscore significant challenges faced by Spanish-speaking patients with NELP in ambulatory specialty care telephone calls. The study emphasizes the importance of creating inclusive multilingual telephone environments, standardizing interpreter access, and reflecting the diversity of the communities served.

In the eye of the beholder: national boundary perceptions and their identity implications across immigrant generations in multinational states

ABSTRACT The concept of national boundaries has been employed extensively in the social sciences, with most research focusing on the host society's perspective. This study innovates by measuring immigrants’ perceptions of how boundaries of their host nation are drawn and examining how such perceptions impact their national identifications in a multinational context, more specifically in the province of Quebec in Canada. It relies on a stratified sample of first- (n = 1129) and second-generation immigrants (n = 1286) as well as non-immigrants (n = 1472). We show that boundary perceptions impact the availability and attractiveness of different identity options, including identification with Quebec, the country of origin, and Canada. First, while perceptions of ascriptive boundaries to Quebec push first- and second-generation immigrants away from Quebec identity, the reactive effect of strengthening identification with the country of origin and Canada is limited. Second, although the second generation perceives Quebec boundaries as more ascriptive than the first generation, it is not more strongly impacted by their boundary perceptions in their identifications. Third, perceptions of attainable boundaries promote all three national identifications, but only for the first generation. Finally, we demonstrate that attention to boundary perceptions adds important explanatory leverage beyond the impact that discrimination has on national identifications.

Comparison of the perception of palliative care by healthcare professionals in some countries around the world: a systematic review.

The global need for palliative care (PC) is increasing, especially as the population ages. The diagnosis of a life-threatening illness triggers numerous decisions by healthcare professionals (HCPs). How these professionals understand and deal with PC influences the quantity and quality of care provided to patients. This systematic review aimed to compare perceptions of PC among HCPs around the world. The databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, LILACS, and EBSCO) were searched systematically. Articles reporting on the perception of HCPs, published between January 2012 and December 2022, were included. Texts that reported the perceptions of family members and patients were excluded to avoid the risk of bias. Those included were organized by country/region and continent for later analysis. Of the 2,063 articles initially retrieved 32 were included and provided relevant information from four continents (America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania). Most of this was done through interviews and questionnaires. All HCPs consulted in the studies recognized the importance of PC. The perception of these professionals was influenced by cultural factors (such as religion), difficulties perceived in each country/region (such as inadequate knowledge, conceptual confusion, etc.), diseases, and the age range of patients served. The acceptance and preparation of professionals to deal with this topic in their routine also influenced their perceptions of HCPs. The limitation of this research is the lack of eligible studies from Africa and the small number of participants in some studies. It can be concluded that HCPs' perceptions of PC are similar, regardless of their country of origin.

A Comparative Statistical Analysis of Foreign Visitors' Volume and Overnights Spent at the Balkan Locale

Tourism is an intertemporal field of research due to the sensitive nature of the elements that constitute the field. Heritage, religion, history, art and life make the Balkans a craving destination for tourists to visit. The simplicity of moving across continents through the Balkans enables the growth of movement. The Balkan borders and the way to demarcate them were always a topic of great conflict. Half of the Balkan countries belong entirely to the region and the rest by a small portion to half of their borders. Two clusters have been raised through the history of research, the west-ern and the eastern Balkans. Both locals living out of the country of origin and foreigners are travelling to the Balkan area. Thus, the Balkans is a competitive destination both for its residents and the rest of the visitors. The most visited destinations are Greece and Croatia and the rest follow. An exploratory data analysis (E.D.A.), with secondary data collected from the national statistical offices of each country under study, tourist national organisations, minis-tries, confederations, O.E.C.D. (Organisation for Economic Coop-eration and Development) and the U.N.W.T.O. (United Nations World Tourism Organisation) tourism barometer has been pre-pared. The secondary data analysis presents and compares, through charts, the volume of visitors per country and/or per year, their overnights and the total count for the aforementioned vol-umes by each country either separately or in conjunction with the rest of the Balkan locale. A growth trend in all volume numbers of tourists and their overnights is showcased until the 2019 pandemic outburst, as a progression, and from 2019-2021 the volume num-ber has diminished due to COVID-19 and movement restrictions. From 2021 onwards volume numbers came back to their rise trend surpassing or equivalent in numbers to the benchmarks of 2019. Thus, tourism is returning to the growth numbers with no re-striction assisting the situation. Countries with coastlines receive more tourism than the rest of the countries. Further research is needed to accumulate and compare data for the gender and nation-ality of the tourists arriving in the Balkan locale.

Efforts by Universities to Promote Sustainability Competence Over The Last Few Decades : A Systematic Literature Review

This study analyzes the efforts by universities to promote sustainability competence over the last few decades and it is anticipated that it will make a valuable contribution to the advancement of literacy studies about education for sustainable development (ESD). This study employed a systematic literature review (SLR) method adapted from the PRISMA model. Qualitative data collection techniques were employed, followed by thematic analysis for data interpretation. This SLR obtained several interesting findings. It was found that the theme of SC was first collected in the Scopus database in 2009, and the increasing SC-higher education occurred during and post-COVID-19 pandemic, namely from 2020 to 2023. Various efforts have been made by universities around the world to promote SC. Their focus is on strengthening SC to realize the ESD and achieve SDGs through strengthening active learning, strengthening students and teachers, and reformulating and adapting the curriculum. It was also found that the author's country of origin is still dominated by countries in the European region, namely Spain, Sweden, and England. This fact is also supported by the concern of funding sponsors from Europe in funding research and publications regarding sustainability competencies. Therefore, this theme needs to campaign widely on other continents, especially Asia, Africa, Oceania, and America because its role and position are also important for sustainability.

Terminologia Anatomica in Latin-American countries: a systematic review.

Terminologia Anatomica (TA) is a unique collection of technical terms that allow communication in anatomy and medicine around the world. Considering this, we reviewed articles published by Latin American authors on Terminologia Anatomica and synthesized the main results found in this article. This study is a systematic review about Terminologia Anatomica that focuses on non-English-speaking countries in Latin America. The database used was Scopus via Elsevier. 207, and candidate articles were identified after applying the search strategy and with no restriction of year of publication. After the exclusion of articles whose authorship was not Latin American, 68 articles were filtered based on their titles and abstracts without the exclusion of any of them. These articles were fully evaluated resulting in 66 articles that met all the inclusion criteria of this review. We collected the following data: title of the article, year of publication, journal of publication, keywords of the study, country of origin, and aim of the article. Among the analyzed articles, 22 proposed changes to terms present in Terminologia Anatomica, 15 of them proposed the inclusion of terms for Terminologia Anatomica, and several articles sought to explain the existence of the existing terms. It is necessary to analyze the terms that are and their origins in the Latin America languages to evaluate their coherence and anatomical correspondence. A standard descriptor for Terminologia Anatomica was not obtained and it is a limitation since eventual articles may not have been obtained. As the study evaluates only articles that were published in journals indexed in Scopus, some articles published in non-indexed journals were not included.

Technology oriented, service intensive, transnational entrepreneurs' international target market strategies

This instrumental case study's objective is to understand the target market strategies of technology oriented, service intensive, transnational entrepreneurs (TEs). Existing studies featuring the merits of ‘concentration versus spreading’ target market strategies provide mixed findings, typically involving firms with product oriented as opposed to service intensive business models. Furthermore, prior research focuses on export-oriented owner-managers as opposed to TEs who have capabilities associated with being socially embedded across different countries. Interview data features the practices of 15 TEs, whose businesses involved information and knowledge-based solutions. Specifically, first generation UK-based South Asian immigrant entrepreneurs who are socially embedded in both their country of origin and country of settlement. Unique insights contribute to a microfoundational cultural perspective of business-to-business (B2B) practices, regarding a new generation of TEs, being relatively highly educated, experienced, and technologically oriented. New evidence builds on dated prior studies often featuring lower skilled and less experienced immigrant entrepreneurs in low-tech, service-oriented sectors. The choice of TEs' target market strategy is not necessarily binary in nature, whereby the importance of decision-makers possessing the ability to pivot strategies is evidenced. To varying degrees, certain TEs employ an ambidextrous approach, concentrating on key markets and entering/exiting others perceived as peripheral.