Experience Of Countries Research Articles

Contradictions in human-nature relationships threaten coastal resilience and sustainability in the Bohai Rim Region, China.

Under the challenge of global environmental change and rapid development, tremendous risks brought about by natural disasters and human activities have increased environmental pressures for sustainable development. How to improve coastal resilience in the process of urban development has become an important topic in academia. In this study, a variable fuzzy recognition model was used to measure the level of coastal resilience in 17 cities in the Bohai Rim region, and then the kernel density, thiel index, and random forest model were used to explore the spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of coastal resilience. The results show that (1) The overall resilience level of the Bohai Rim region is increasing over time, but at a relatively slow rate. (2) Coastal resilience has significant spatial unevenness, with high-level cities dominated by Tianjin, Qingdao, Yantai, etc. and low-level cities dominated by Cangzhou, Panjin, Yingkou, Binzhou, etc. (3) The influence of economic development, infrastructure, innovation ability, technology investment, and government regulation on coastal resilience decreases in order. Based on the research findings, the study can not only make suggestions for the actual regulation strategy but also provide empirical and theoretical experience for other coastal countries.

Revisited the role of foreign aid in capital formation: experience of South Asian countries

This study contributes to the aid-development literature by examining the role of host country factors in conditioning the investment effect of foreign aid, covering a panel of six South Asian countries over the period 1990–2019. The study uses second-generation panel unit root, cointegration, and causality methods to control for endogeneity, cross-section dependency, and structural breaks. The study further applies the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method of Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and the Common Correlated Effect Pooled Mean Group (CCEPMG) to estimate the long and short-run effects. The study results suggest that in the long run, foreign aid reduces or crowds out domestic investment directly but promotes domestic investment from the complementarity between aid and trade, human and financial development, and FDI. The causality result provides evidence of bi-directional causality between the two, supporting the crowding-out effect.

INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERSECTORAL COOPERATION

The article is concerned with the study of theoretical foundations and practical aspects of formation and development of intersectoral cooperation in world practice. The article considers the existent approaches to the definition of the concept of "intersectoral cooperation", in particular from the standpoint of generating innovative solutions to existing problems, as well as its features and types. It is found that intersectoral cooperation is a constructive and mutually beneficial interaction of three sectors: the state, the business sector and institutions of civil society. The conditions for ensuring effectiveness in the process of establishing intersectoral cooperation are determined. The importance of the communication process as the basis of interaction is emphasised. The institutional structure of intersectoral partnership is outlined, including regulatory principles, mechanisms for implementing the principles and corporate social responsibility. The prerequisites and features of the emergence of intersectoral partnership at the regional level are determined. The experience of foreign countries in the development of intersectoral cooperation in various fields, in particular of the EU member states, is considered.

DISTANCE EDUCATION

This study focuses on global trends in the development of education, with a special emphasis on distance learning. The current state and prospects for the development of this form of education both abroad and in Ukraine are considered. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of key challenges and potential threats to the national interests of Ukraine in the context of the lag in the implementation and integration of distance learning. Special attention is paid to recommendations for the popularization of distance learning in Ukraine. Specific measures aimed at improving the quality and accessibility of distance education are proposed. This includes the development and implementation of the latest technological solutions, educational programs that meet international standards, as well as expanding the network of access to educational resources for all categories of the population. The study also includes an analysis of successful world practices in the field of distance education that can be adapted for the Ukrainian context. Studying the experience of other countries makes it possible to determine effective strategies and methods that will contribute to the development of the educational sphere in Ukraine, making it more competitive and modern.

Graduate certificate on risk analysis for the Agrifood sector at the University of Buenos Aires.

Argentina has an extensive experience in the biosafety assessment of transgenic crops. The regulatory framework celebrated 30years of existence in 2021 and has pioneered the establishment of the biosafety systems in Latin America. During this period, Argentina's regulatory framework evolved to keep up with the advancements in plant and animal biotechnology and in risk assessment criteria, as new knowledge and experience was being gained. However, despite the country's agricultural tradition and experience in the adoption of innovations by the productive sector, dedicated, formal academic offerings training is lacking and this is also true for most countries in the world. Responding to this perceived need and going beyond biotechnology to include other regulated inputs used along the food production chain (chemicals, biologics, food additives, etc.), we developed a program to introduce graduates from diverse disciplines to the principles and practice of Risk Analysis (Assessment, Management and Communication) with focus on the Agrifood sector. In 2020, the School for Graduate Students of the School of Agriculture-University of Buenos Aires, approved two Certificates on Risk Analysis for the Agrifood Sector: Conceptual Bases of Risk Analysis and Methodological Tools. The first edition of the certificates was completed in December 2022 and the second one is presently ongoing. The fundaments, rationale, structure and objectives of these certificates are presented.

Middle-income traps: Experiences of Asian countries and lessons for Vietnam

Avoiding middle-income traps is one of the critical tasks for developing countries worldwide. Based on an analysis of policies that have contributed to Japan and South Korea achieving high economic development, this study proposes solutions to help Vietnam avoid falling into the middle-income trap. The results of the analysis of the experiences of Japan and South Korea indicate that to escape the middle-income trap, developing countries need to focus on investing in education and training, promoting innovation and entrepreneurship, investing in infrastructure, enhancing international trade, boosting foreign investment, improving competitiveness in the global market, and maintaining macroeconomic stability. Building on the analysis of the economic development situation in Vietnam from 2013 to 2023, this study puts forth solutions to assist developing countries, in general, and Vietnam, in particular, in avoiding middle-income traps.

«Фидакарь һәм нечкә күңелле табибә» Рабига Арат

The article analyses a letter by Rabiga Arat addressed to her husband, the famous scholar, Turkologist, Rashit Rahmati Arat. In the submitted document, Rabiga khanum writes about family news and the life of the Tatar emigrant community. This document of personal origin allows us to recreate a picture of the life of Tatar emigrants abroad. Rabiga Arat's letter contains information about daily life, relationships in the family and with friends. Information is also provided showing the place of the Tatar woman in the social life of Turkey. The leitmotif of the text is Rabiga khanum’s experiences about her professional activities in exile. Having received higher education in a European country, her knowledge and professional experience in Turkey were not in demand. Brought up in a Tatar-Muslim environment, Rabiga khanum chooses family values. The purpose of the article is to show the result of the analysis of Rabiga Arat’s letter, which describes her daily life in the new country and her attitude to current problems and various events. The work presents the original letter of Rabiga khanum with a translation into the modern Tatar language, which presents the woman’s personal life, experiences and mental wanderings about her career, relationships with Tatar figures and her personal perception of everything that happens. Encounter with this archive material allows to reveal unknown facts about the life of Rashit Rahmati Arat’s family. The letter is being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

Peculiarities of the formation and application of the institute of diversion (diverting) of children from criminal justice in the Kyrgyz Republic

Ensuring the rights and interests of juveniles involved in criminal activities is one of the priority tasks of the criminal justice system, but deprivation of liberty continues to be the most common punishment for children. The purpose of the study presented in this article is to determine the specifics of diversion (diverting) of juveniles from criminal justice and to consider the peculiarities of this legal institution in the justice system of the Kyrgyz Republic. The research employed both general scientific and specific legal methodologies, including logical-semantic, dialectical, abstract-logical, system-functional, historical, system-structural, comparative legal, and information legal methods. The study included consideration of the concept of diversion (diverting) of children from criminal justice, its difference from similar institutions (probation). The factors that determine the need for the earliest possible diversion (diverting) of a child from criminal justice, due to his or her age-related psychophysiological characteristics, were identified. International standards in the field of protecting children, particularly those related to the practice of diverting children from the criminal justice system, are considered. The main aspects of implementing international law on diversion of children within Kyrgyzstanʼs legal framework are identified and analyzed, alongside an examination of relevant provisions in national legislation. Drawing from the experiences of countries like Poland and Georgia, which have successfully implemented this legal mechanism, areas for potential improvement in the regulatory framework are identified. These include defining characteristics of the diversion process such as applicable stages, eligible offenses and age criteria for offenders, as well as the integration of mediation alongside diversion practices. Based on the results of the study, amendments to the national legislation of Kyrgyzstan are proposed, which can be used in the process of drafting bills to improve national legislation on juvenile justice and justice for

INTERMUNICIPAL COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITIES IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD

The article is devoted to the problems of inter-municipal cooperation, practical foreign experience of administrative-territorial reform. The experience of European countries shows that local self-government bodies are endowed with broad powers in the field of spatial development. The aspect of the delegation of powers of European countries, the peculiarities of the functioning of the municipalities of France, the Netherlands, and the communes of Spain are considered. Attention is paid to the statistics of concluded agreements between communities from 2016 to 2023, the issue of concluding cooperation agreements is highlighted. The author examines the financial capacity of communities in the economic crisis, taking into account the changes to the Budget Code of Ukraine regarding the creation of the Rural Development Fund. Advantages for communities that participate in cooperation due to pooling of resources and delegation of authority are analyzed. The main risks that stand in the way of fruitful cooperation are identified: the insufficient level of competence of the heads of territorial communities; low legal education of representatives of local self-government bodies, which in turn is an obstacle when choosing a form of cooperation and legal drafting of agreements; budget conflicts of communities, which thereby create unreliable conditions for more capable communities when pooling resources with less capable communities. An assessment of the potential of community cooperation, indicators related to security issues, and an increase in the population share due to the influx of temporarily displaced persons during the war period was provided. Based on the best domestic and foreign practices, recommendations for communities were formed, which will be useful for further inter-municipal cooperation.

Миграционная политика как способ защиты от вмешательства во внутренние дела государства

The article examines the problems of migration policy from the perspective of ensuring protection from interference in the internal affairs of the state. The authors explore the experience of foreign countries in this area of legal relations, as well as the results achieved in the Russian Federation and in its individual regions, contributing to strengthening the foundations of the state and society, conducting a balanced migration policy, successful adaptation and socialization of migrants, which contributes to the development of countries, the rapprochement of peoples, the development of tourism, mutual study of the history and culture of countries and, The main thing is to foster mutual respect for other countries and peoples, to protect state and national interests, and to prevent interference in the internal affairs of other states. Based on the results of the analysis of the material under consideration, the authors make proposals for improving regulatory legal acts.

Application of the screening method for estimating COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness using routine surveillance data: Germany's experience during the COVID-19 pandemic, July 2021 to March 2023.

The screening method represents a simple, quick, and practical tool for estimating vaccine effectiveness (VE) using routine disease surveillance and vaccine coverage data, even if these data cannot be linked. In Germany, where notification data, laboratory testing data, and vaccine coverage data cannot be linked due to strict data protection requirements, the screening method was used to assess COVID-19 VE continuously between July 2021 and March 2023. During this period, when Delta and Omicron variants circulated, VE estimates were produced in real-time for different age groups and clinical outcomes. Here we describe the country's overall positive experience using the screening method, including its strengths and limitations, and provide practical guidance regarding a few issues, such as case definition stringency, testing behaviour, and data stratification, that require careful consideration during data analysis and the interpretation of the results.

Review of the legal regulation of generative artificial intelligence services in China

Recently, the UK and EU have introduced legislation in the field of generative artificial intelligence, using different models of legal regulation. China, based on the experience of different countries, has taken an eclectic position in relation to generative artificial intelligence. The Cyberspace Administration of the People’s Republic of China has published a number of regulations to regulate generative artificial intelligence services that create content based on data sets. The article provides an overview of legal regulation in the field of generative artificial intelligence, analyzes the shortcomings and features of Chinese legislation in this area, and offers recommendations for its improvement, which can be used, among other things, to change Russian legislation in this area.

How the River Chief System Achieved River Pollution Control: Analysis Based on AGIL Paradigm

The implementation of China’s water pollution control policy is facing challenges. The current situation requires that China’s water pollution control must be transformed from a hierarchical management system to a collaborative governance model, which has led to the emergence of the river chief system (RCS). Firstly, this research analyzes the water quality in the lower Yangtze River Basin in the past five years, and the results show that the overall water quality of the study area has improved. Secondly, this research is conducted from the perspective of the four functions of adaptation (A), goal attainment (G), integration (I), and latency pattern maintenance (L), using the AGIL paradigm as a model to analyze the operation of RCS and carry out a cross-study on environmental protection and public policy, which provides a precedent for future public policy research and discussion. Finally, based on the AGIL paradigm, this research puts forward the development direction of RCS, which provides experience and theoretical support for other countries’ watershed pollution research.

Blended learning in professional training of teachers

Relevance. The issue of blended learning in professional training of teachers is extremely relevant. This increased interest is due to the spread of the acute infectious disease COVID-19, as all public spheres of activity of citizens have been transferred to a blended format. Purpose. The aim of the work is to analyze the main features of the blended format of training, as well as to establish the necessary level of knowledge and training of teachers for its effective implementation. Methodology. The article used a number of scientific and methodological tools that helped to reveal important elements of the studied question. Accordingly, an important place in the work is occupied by functional and system approaches, in addition, such logical methods as the method of analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, deduction. Results. The main results of the study are the theoretical and practical bases of the question under consideration. In the theoretical part the basic concepts, their properties and attributes, undoubtedly related to the sphere of professional competence of the teacher were revealed. On the practical side, it compares the main approaches used so far to train future teachers in the delivery of learning services, namely in a blended format. In addition, the article considered the experience of other countries, which helped to study in depth the features of the studied issue and to establish promising directions that can be applied in Kazakhstan. Conclusions. In future scientific works on this topic it is necessary to analyze the main differences between distance and blended learning in order to distinguish the directions of teacher training. Keywords: teaching and learning process; teacher; advanced training; competence; distance learning

Value co‐creation (VCC) and value co‐destruction (VCD) via open government data (OGD): Empirical case of Tanzania

AbstractHaving emphasized upon the potential benefits of Open Government Data (OGD) initiatives via value derivation and innovation pursuits of the stakeholders, it falls in place to complement this line of OGD research in the specific case of Tanzania, a developing country, to support the inferences. Specifically, it is important to understand the manner in which OGD VCC‐one of the hinges of OGD initiatives‐ and OGD VCD‐a possible fall out of OGD initiatives‐happens to pass. Thus, a content analysis of the interviews of 15 public officials and managers associated directly with the management and operationationalization of OGD initiatives is being done to arrive at the conclusions. Thus, the interviewees aver that OGD Value Co‐creation (VCC) may be facilitated on top‐priority bases by consistent marketing efforts by the government as also the partnerships with the key stakeholders of the OGD ecosystem, and, among the prominent Value Co‐Destruction (VCD) factors may be counted the issues linked with data privacy and resource restriction. Literature on OGD VCC is at a nascent stage and the one on OGD VCD is evolving. As an atypical empirical validation case vis‐a‐vis the emerging OGD VCC‐VCD research, the study is an additional contribution to the extant literature with specific reference to the developing country's experiences.

Do orthopaedics surgeons have any idea what predatory journals are?:(cross-sectional study)

ObjectiveThe legitimacy of published research confronts a real challenge posed by predatory journals. These journals not only distribute inadequately written articles but also undermine the prospects of acknowledgment and citation for high-quality content. It is essential, nevertheless, to differentiate between predatory journals and reputable open-access ones. A worldwide anti-predatory movement seeks to enhance awareness about such journals. Hence, our objective was to assess the awareness, attitudes, and practices of Sudanese orthopedic surgeons concerning both predatory and open-access publishing. MethodsConducted between January and April 2023, this cross-sectional electronic survey involved Sudanese orthopedic surgeons. The survey, comprising five domains to gauge knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to predatory and open-access publishing, was shared via the Sudanese Orthopedic Surgeons Association email distribution list among the 561 registered surgeons. The targeted sample size was 286. Categorical variables were reported using frequencies, while continuous variables were presented as medians and interquartile ranges. Nonparametric tests and ordinal regression were employed for inferential statistics. ResultsOf the 561 surgeons, 104 participants completed the questionnaire, resulting in a response rate of 18.5 %. Approximately 49% exhibited poor knowledge, with 56% unfamiliar with the term "predatory journals," and 74% unaware of Beall's list. Overall attitudes toward publication in open-access and predatory journals were neutral for 60% of participants, and only 26% demonstrated good overall publication practices. Higher knowledge scores positively correlated with attitude and practice scores. Ordinal regression analysis identified variables such as employment in university hospitals, higher academic rank, publication experience, and working in well-resourced countries as factors increasing the likelihood of higher knowledge, attitude, and practice scores. ConclusionThe majority of the study participants reported very low knowledge of predatory journals and their possible detrimental consequences on the integrity and quality of scientific publications. Therefore, educational efforts on the negative impact of predatory publication practices in orthopedics are needed.

Historical and Cultural Blocks Protecting and Developing— Take Italy as well as China, for example

Cultural heritage is the physical symbol of human civilization’s long history and is human beings’ precious national, spiritual, and cultural wealth. With the acceleration of China’s urbanization and new rural construction, China’s cities face the contradiction between protecting and developing cultural heritage. Solving and balancing the relationship between the two requires sorting out the characteristics and protection problems of China’s historical and cultural heritage and drawing lessons from the mature experience of foreign countries.

Genesis of the Institution of Accusation

The issues of accusation have always attracted the attention of both law enforcement officials and scientists. In the modern Russian criminal procedural legislation, the accusation has undergone changes, but its essence and significance do not lose relevance and still attract the attention of scientists and practitioners. This is due to the development of the adversarial principle, under which the function of the prosecution must be separated from the function of the defense. The use of information technology should guarantee the collection of not only incriminating, but also exculpatory evidence, based on the purpose of criminal proceedings. In this regard, questions are being considered about the possible development of the institution of accusation in the conditions of digitalization. Of particular interest is the analysis of legislation taking into account its development in retrospect. Studying the positive legislative experience of some foreign countries is also of some interest, since this experience can be used to improve Russian legislation.

ANALYSIS OF MAIN CHARACTERISTICS AND UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN SERBIA AND BULGARIA

Land is the most important resource for the sustainable development of agriculture. Optimal use of land for the production of a sufficient amount of food, while simultaneously preserving biodiversity and its quality, is very important within the policy of preserving resources for future generations. Safety in food production represent one of the most important goals of sustainable development consist in actual the 2030 Agenda. We face numerous problems related to land. Degradation due to excessive use of modern agrotechnical means in food production, deforestation, erosion, excessive urbanization, floods are just some of the most common problems in land policy. An important problem is the abandonment of land use for agricultural production and its underutilization. Serbia and Bulgaria have significant areas of agricultural land. The subject of research in this paper is the share of agricultural and arable land in the total land area in Serbia and Bulgaria. The focus of the analysis is the average size of farm land, the percentage of irrigated land, and the production structure on farms, as well as the contribution of agriculture to the realization of added value in the creation of GDP. Agriculture and the food industry play a significant role in creating GDP, employment and exports and reducing the foreign deficit. Bearing in mind that the Republic of Serbia is in the process of joining the European Union, it is necessary to reform the agricultural policy and adapt it to the Common Agricultural Policy. This is one of the most important and demanding reforms in the integration policy process. The entire European model of agricultural development is based on the concept of sustainable development. Agricultural land policy in this process is of great importance and the experiences of EU member countries are important. The results of the research should indicate different experiences and recommendations that can be useful in agricultural land management policy. Land policy measures are aimed at creating optimal conditions for agricultural production while achieving the goals of all dimensions of sustainable development. Strategic approach in land management policy in Bulgaria provides guidelines and an example of good practice for taking measures and activities in the direction of its improvement in the Republic of Serbia. These results are also the basis for examining the causes of insufficient utilization of available natural resources and the balanced development that ensures the production of sufficient quantities of food and the preservation of the environment. Keywords: agricultural land, arable land, sustainable development JEL codes: Q15, Q18, Q24

К вопросу о признании судами трудовых отношений с гражданами, оформленными как самозанятые

The work examines current issues that arise when concluding civil law contracts with self-employed people and retraining them into labor contracts. Today, self-employed people are potentially at risk and need additional legal protection. In order to reduce such litigation, proposals are made to improve domestic legislation, taking into account the positive experience of foreign countries.