Through all these new, imaginative, and creative to the problem of sharing our earth with other creatures there runs a constant theme, the awareness that we are dealing with life-with living populations and all their pressures and counter pressures, their surges and recessions. Only by taking account of such life forces and by cautiously seeking to guide them into channels favorable to ourselves can we hope to achieve a reasonable accommodation between the insect hoards and ourselves (Carson 1962). The imaginative and creative approaches referred to by Rachel Carson in Silent Spring included a series of biological control measures as alternatives to the use of broad spectrum biocides. Sterilization and release of male insects, the use of lures and attractants, and the release of living control agents such as parasitic insects, viruses and bacteria are among the that she recommended. Some progress has been made in the realm of biological control and in public, corporate and government awareness of the problems intrinsic in attempts to implement environmental control measures. The establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970, the banning of at least some persistent and broad spectrum biocides, the development of the concept of integrated pest control, and the use of Bacillus thuringiensis in the control of the spread of gypsy moths in the eastern United States are examples. Despite these positive trends, problems resulting from our dependence on pesticides similar to those described in Silent Spring continue to occur. Incidents of accidental poisoning, contamination of ground water supplies, resurgence of insect pests after spraying due to extirpation of natural control