Count Density Research Articles

Evaluation and interpretation of growth, biomass productivity and lutein content of Chlorella variabilis on various media

Physiological and biochemical changes along with lutein content of an under examined strain Chlorella variabilis was studied under controlled laboratory conditions. In this study, four different media including diluted dairy wastewater prepared artificially was utilized for optimizing its growth, biomass productivity and lutein content. The isolate of Chlorella variabilis was exposed to a continuous light intensity of 40 ± 3 μmol−1 m2s−1, temperature of 24 ± 2 °C and agitated on an orbital shaker at 90 rpm. The growth performance was evaluated in terms of optical density, chlorophyll content and cell count for a period of fourteen days and the pH was monitored regularly. In addition, the nutritional value, dry mass (carbohydrate, protein and lipid) and lutein content was evaluated at the end of sixteen days. The results showed that the Modified N8 medium as well as diluted synthetic dairy wastewater were the most productive culture that supported the growth of the microalga Chlorella variabilis with enhanced biomass productivity, nutritional value and lutein content when compared to other media thereby making it a potential candidate for use in poultry and aquaculture (∼74 % of protein) as well as for producing value added products specifically lutein. Furthermore, the study holds high importance as it reveals for the first time that the algal strain Chlorella variabilis could produce significant amount of lutein of 9.6 mg/g (9.6 g/kg) and could be the microalgal source of commercial lutein in the future.

EFFECT OF CEDAR (CEDRUS LIBANI A. RICH) TAR ON BACTERIAL GROWTH

The main objective of this study is to research the inhibitory effect of Cedar tar produced from cedarwoods collected from Gume village of Mut, Mersin, Turkey, against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus haemolyticus using scanning electron microscopy. The inhibitory effect of cedar tar at varying concentrations (0.1-100%) was examined on bacterial growth (E. coli and S. haemolyticus) by using Kirby-Bauer agar diffusion method. Cedar tar showed a strong inhibitory activity in the range of 15-30 mm against all tested microorganisms. The MICs value of Cedar tar was 5% for E. coli and S. haemolyticus. The bacterial growth in liquid culture including 5% Cedar tar was observed by optical density and standard plate count method for 24 h. The optical density and viable cell counts in culture including Cedar tar (5%) reduced after 2 h of incubation period for all test strains. The bacterial colonies belonging to tested strains were not encountered on agar plates at the end of 10 h incubation. The cell images were not also determined in SEM micrographs of cultures with Cedar tar. Our data clearly indicated that cedar tar obtained by traditional thermal method had a strong inhibitory activity on bacterial cells.

Utilizing Branched-chain Amino Acids for Increasing Shoot Density and Establishment Rate in Creeping Bentgrass

The branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine (L), isoleucine (IL), and valine (V) are synthesized in plants and are essential to growth in most organisms. These compounds can be absorbed by the plant when foliarly applied, but plant catabolism of BCAA is not completely understood. A recent study observed that BCAA applied in a 2:1:1 or 4:1:1 ratio (L:IL:V) increased creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) shoot density compared with applications of equal urea nitrogen (N) at 3.03 lb/acre N. The present study investigated whether those increases could translate to a quicker establishment rate of creeping bentgrass grown from seed in standard greenhouse pots. The BCAA applications were compared with equal N applications using urea and a commercially available amino acid product. All N treatments were applied at 3.03 lb/acre N, per application and applied a total of four times on a 14-day interval starting 14 days after seeding. Measurements included final shoot density counts and root and shoot weights, as well as digital image analysis of percent green cover for each greenhouse pot every 7 days. No differences were observed after 70 days in shoot weight, or percent green cover between BCAA treatments and urea; however, BCAA 2:1:1 and 4:1:1 increased shoot density 21% and 30%, respectively, compared with urea, and were equal to the commercially available amino acid product. Applications of BCAA 4:1:1 also increased creeping bentgrass rooting weight by a factor of 7 compared with urea N.

Markov Chain Modelling and GIS Interface to Analyze Traffic Congestion

Traffic congestion is the major problem that major metropolitan cities are facing. From the study it is observed that the main cause of the delay is because of not following the actual design of the transportation rules of the particular area. There are many factors which are influencing the congestion are taken in the study like road density, road geometrics and traffic composition. Data is collected at Gochibowli, Kothagudem and Cyber towers intersection regarding road geometrics, road density and volume count using ArcGIS and manually. The Markov chain is a mathematical model is used. Markov chain is a transition probabilistic model which can be used in any stream to find out percentage of chances for an event to take place. Empirical model is developed for delay prediction by considering the values from data collection. Penetrating the values into the transition probabilistic method and linear equations to find out the factors influencing delay and calculating the delay errors.

Autologous Micrografts from Scalp Tissue: Trichoscopic and Long-Term Clinical Evaluation in Male and Female Androgenetic Alopecia.

Tissue engineering in hair regrowth aims to develop innovative and not-invasive procedures to advance the hair regrowth. A placebo-controlled, randomized, evaluator-blinded, half-head group study to compare hair regrowth with micrografts containing human hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells (HF-MSCs) vs. placebo was reported. After 58 weeks, 27 patients displayed in the targeted area an increase of hair count and hair density, respectively, of 18.0 hairs per 0.65 cm2 and 23.3 hairs per cm2 compared with baseline, while the control area displayed a mean decrease of 1.1 hairs per 0.65 cm2 and 0.7 hairs per cm2 (control vs. treatment: P < 0.0001). After 26 months, 6 patients revealed dynamic hair loss and were retreated. More broad controlled examinations are required. HF-MSCs contained in micrografts may represent a safe and viable treatment alternative against hair loss.

Significance of assessment of microvessel density (MVD) and mast cell density (MCD) by combined immunohistochemical and histochemical methods in cutaneous malignancies

Introduction: Angiogenesis is a complex event mediated by several angiogenic factors released from cancer cells and immune cells. There is compelling evidence that mast cell accumulation among the peritumoral inflammatory infiltrates contributes to a favourable microenvironment for tumor development and metastasis. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between mast cells and microvessels by applying the double staining CD34/toluidine blue in cutaneous malignancies. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of 50 cases of cutaneous malignancies. Combined Immunohistochemical and Histochemical methods used to study the microvessels and mast cells. Results: A significant correlation between the mast cell count and microvessel density was observed in all 3 cutaneous malignancies. Statistical analysis of the linear correlation between MCD and MVD was also performed (P

Relationship Between Some Traits Used As Mastitis Indicators in Holstein Cows’ Milk

This study was carried out in order to identify the relations between Somatic cell count (SCC), milk temperature, milk pH and milk density in mastitic and non-mastitic Holstein Friesian cows. The animal material of the study was mastitic and non-mastitic Black and White cows which similar age and lactation number. At the end of the study, it was defined that the mastitic milk was highly corelated with SCC and pH of milk (r=0,633; r=0,570 respectively). While in healthy group (non-mastitic), there wasn’t any correlation between the SCC and the other parameters; but in the mastitic group, it was found that there was significant correlations statistically between SCC and other parameters. Keywords: SCC, cows, Milk temperature, pH, electrical conductivty, density DOI : 10.7176/ISDE/11-1-03 Publication date: January 31 st 2020

Crowd Counting Via Cross-Stage Refinement Networks

Crowd counting is challenging due to unconstrained imaging factors, e.g., background clutters, non-uniform distribution of people, large scale and perspective variations. Dealing with these problems using deep neural networks requires rich prior knowledge and multi-scale contextual representations. In this paper, we propose a Cross-stage Refinement Network (CRNet) that can refine predicted density maps progressively based on hierarchical multi-level density priors. In particular, CRNet is composed of several fully convolutional networks. They are stacked together recursively with the previous output as the next input, and each of them serves to utilize previous density output to gradually correct prediction errors of crowd areas and refine the predicted density maps at different stages. Cross-stage multi-level density priors are further exploited in our recurrent framework by the cross-stage skip layers based on ConvLSTM. To cope with different challenges of unconstrained crowd scenes, we explore different crowd-specific data augmentation methods to mimic real-world scenarios and enrich crowd feature representations from different aspects. Extensive experiments show the proposed method achieves superior performances against state-of-the-art methods on four widely-used challenging benchmarks in terms of counting accuracy and density map quality. Code and models are available at this https://github.com/lytgftyf/Crowd-Counting-via-Cross-stage-Refinement-Networks.

Mask Guided GAN for Density Estimation and Crowd Counting

Density estimation aims to predict the spatial distribution of a crowd scene, and crowd counting aims to automatically check the number of heads as close as the ground truth. We propose a mask guided GAN (Generative Adversarial Network) architecture to solve these two problems synthetically. Step one is generating a segmentation mask, separating the crowd region from the background and redundant information. Step two is predicting the density map with an adversarial learning process guided by the former mask information. Moreover, we branch out from the base network and feed into a counting regressor, which is solely to provide more accurate counting results. The whole scheme is trained collaboratively by compositing density loss (a weighted loss to balance the influence of different data) and counting loss (an MSE loss for counting regression branch). Through the mask information guidance, GAN likely finds its way training to capture more distinguishing features. Therefore, we also achieve more accurate prediction results. Experimental results on different datasets including collected from the internet and the actual scene in Shanghai, the second-most populous city located on China's southeast coast, indicate the validity and robustness by comparable counting numbers and high-quality density maps focusing on crowd area.

Associations of Changes in Serum Inflammatory Factors, MMP-3, 25(OH)D and Intestinal Flora with Osteoporosis and Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients.

To explore the associations of changes in serum inflammatory factors, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D], and intestinal flora with osteoporosis and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, so as to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment. A total of 98 RA patients were selected as the objects of study (RA group), and divided into active-stage group (n = 56) and remission-stage group (n = 42) according to the disease activity score (DAS28). Another 50 healthy people receiving physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The changes in serum inflammatory factors, MMP-3, 25(OH)D, and intestinal flora were compared among the three groups, and the osteoporosis of the subjects was analyzed in each group. Moreover, the associations of changes in serum inflammatory factors, MMP-3, 25(OH)D, and intestinal flora with osteoporosis and disease activity in RA patients were analyzed using the Pearson's method. Compared with those in the control group, the levels of serum MMP-3, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and C-reactive protein (CRP). The Escherichia coli count were significantly increased, while the level of serum 25(OH)D, bone mineral density (BMD), and Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts were significantly decreased in the active-stage group and remission-stage group, more obviously in active-stage group (p < 0.05). The osteoporosis and disease activity in RA patients were positively correlated with serum IL-6, IL-10, CRP, MMP-3, Escherichia coli and BMD, but negatively correlated with 25(OH)D, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (p < 0.05), and not correlated with the sharp score (p > 0.05). There are certain associations of changes in serum inflammatory factors, MMP-3, 25(OH)D, and in-testinal flora with osteoporosis and disease activity in RA patients, showing certain value in clinical application.

Density and Time based Traffic Control System using Video Processing

Traffic is the serious issue which each nation faces due to the expansion in number of vehicles. One of the strategies to beat the traffic issue is to build up a smart traffic control framework which depends on computing the traffic density and about utilizing constant video and picture preparing procedures. The topic is to control the traffic by deciding the traffic density on each roadside and control the traffic signal smartly by utilizing the density data. In this paper, an automated system based on processing of real time videos is proposed for detection of vehicles and recording count of them. The System will consist of various stages which includes Object Car Detection and Signal variation based on density. Captured video will be converted into frames and which will be pre-processed for object detection using Haar-Cascade than detected object count will be used to obtain the density and manipulate the signal accordingly. The density count algorithm works by contrasting the ongoing edge of live video by the reference picture and via looking through vehicles just in the district of intrigue (for example street region). The figured vehicle thickness can be contrasted and other course of the traffic so as to perform control of the traffic flags in more smart and proficient manner.

Different methods of cell quantification can lead to different results: a comparison of digital methods using a pilot study of dendritic cells in HIV-positive patients.

Background Although new digital pathology tools have improved the positive cell quantification, there is a heterogeneity of the quantification methods in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate and propose a novel dendritic cells quantification method in squamous cell carcinoma comparing it with a conventional quantification method. Material and Methods Twenty-six squamous cell carcinomas HIV-positive cases affecting the oropharynx, lips and oral cavity were selected. Immunohistochemistry for CD1a, CD83, and CD207 was performed. The immunohistochemical stains were evaluated by automated examination using a positive pixel count algorithm. A conventional quantification method (unspecific area method; UA) and a novel method (specific area method; SA) were performed obtaining the corresponding density of positive dendritic cells for the intratumoral and peritumoral regions. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to verify the influence of the quantification methods on the positive cell counting according to the evaluated regions. Data were subjected to the ANOVA and Student’s t-test to verify the influence of the tumour location, stage, histological grade, and amount of inflammation on the dendritic cells density counting. Results The cell quantification method affected the dendritic cells counting independently of the evaluated region (P-value <0.05). Significant differences between methods were also observed according to the tumour features evaluations. Conclusions The positive cell quantification method influences the dendritic cells density results. Unlike the conventional method (UA method), the novel SA method avoids non-target areas included in the hotspots improving the reliability and reproducibility of the density cell quantification. Key words:Cell counts, immunohistochemistry, dendritic cells, HIV, head and neck neoplasms.

Bir Kemoterapotik Ajan olan Bleomisine Maruz Kalan Ratlarda Adenozinin Kompetetif Antagonisti olan Teofilinin Uygulanması Sonrasında Sperm Parametrelerindeki Değişimler

The aim of the present study is to determine the effects of theophylline (THP), a methylxanthine derivative, on the sperm parameters of rats exposed to bleomycin (BLM) as a chemotherapeutic agent. The study was performed on 32 male rats. The rats in Group 1 were treated only with sterile saline intratracheally. The rats in Group 2 were administered a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg of BLM intratracheally. The rats in Group 3 received a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg of BLM intratracheally. In addition, THP was administered to rats in Group 3 intraperitoneally at a dose of 75 mg/kg/ day for 14 days. The rats in group 4 were administered an intraperitoneal injection of THP at a dose of 75 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Motility, sperm density, abnormal sperm and dead sperm rates were examined. Significant deteriorations were observed in sperm parameters of rats that were administered BLM. In the sperm parameters of THP treated rats, it was determined that it only increased motility, but did not significantly change sperm density, abnormal sperm and dead sperm count. In this study, THP only increased motility. There was no positive effect on sperm parameters except motility.

Antitumor Effect of a Novel Spiro-Acridine Compound is Associated with Up-Regulation of Th1-Type Responses and Antiangiogenic Action.

Tumor cells have specific features, including angiogenesis induction, cell cycle dysregulation, and immune destruction evasion. By inducing a T helper type 2 (Th2) immune response, tumor cells may favor immune tolerance within the tumor, which allows progression of cancer growth. Drugs with potential antitumor activity are the spiro-acridines, which is a promising new class of acridine compounds. Herein, the novel spiro-acridine (E)-5′-oxo-1′-((3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)amino)-1′,5′-dihydro-10H-spiro[acridine-9,2′-pyrrole]-4′-carbonitrile (AMTAC-17) was synthesized and tested for antitumor effects. Toxicity evaluation was performed in mice after acute treatment (2000 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, i.p.). The Ehrlich ascites carcinoma model was used to investigate the antitumor activity of AMTAC-17 (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg, i.p.) after seven days of treatment. Effects on the cell cycle, angiogenesis, and inflammatory responses were investigated. LD50 (lethal dose 50%) was estimated to be higher than 5000 mg/kg. AMTAC-17 reduced the Ehrlich tumor’s total viable cancer cells count and peritumoral micro-vessels density, and induced an increase in the sub-G1 peak. Additionally, there was an increase of Th1 cytokine profile levels (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-12). In conclusion, the spiro-acridine compound AMTAC-17 presents low toxicity, and its in vivo antitumor effect involves modulation of the immune system to a cytotoxic Th1 profile and a reduction of tumor angiogenesis.

A bibliometric analysis of the top 50 most cited articles published in the Dental Traumatology.

The impact of a scientific article in its respective field is reflected by its citation count. The purpose of this review was to conduct a citation analysis in order to identify and analyze the top 50 most cited articles published in Dental Traumatology since its inception in order to highlight the contribution of the journal to the field of Dental Traumatology. Elsevier's Scopus was used to search and analyze the 50 most frequently cited scientific papers. After the screening process, two reviewers arranged the articles in a descending order based on their citation counts. Each article was then cross-matched with Google Scholar. The articles were analyzed, and information including citation counts, citation density, publication year, authorship, contributing institutions and countries, article topic, study design, and keywords was extracted. The literature search identified 2421 articles. The citation counts of the 50 selected articles varied from 117 to 580 (Scopus) and 206 to 1130 (Google Scholar). The year in which most top 50 articles were published was 2002 (n=5). Among 105 authors, the greatest contribution was made by JO Andreasen (n=12). Most of the articles originated from the United States (n=12) with the greatest contributions from the University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark (n=6). Original research article was the most frequent study design (n=34). The majority of the top 50 articles were focused on traumatic dental injuries. Among 131 unique key words, root resorption (n=6) was the most frequently used. A non-significant correlation occurred between citation count (correlation coefficient=0.127, P=.378), citation density (correlation coefficient=0.654, P=2.493), and publication age. This study identified the top 50 most cited articles published in this journal in the specialty of Dental Traumatology. The publication year of an article was not significantly associated with citation count nor citation density.

Quantifying atmospheric reactive nitrogen concentrations, dry deposition, and isotope dynamics surrounding a Marcellus Shale well pad

Unconventional natural gas (UNG) extraction activities have become important contributors to regional NOx emissions inventories. Currently, there is a knowledge gap in the amount of total N deposition surrounding well pads undergoing UNG extraction despite the fact that some areas with extensive natural gas extraction activity are already in exceedance of nitrogen critical loads. In this study, we measured the magnitude of total dry N deposition from NO2, HNO3, and NH3 attributable to the development of two UNG wells at a Marcellus Shale well pad study site. This study documents concentrations, deposition fluxes, and isotope values of NO2, HNO3, O3, and NH3 up- and down-wind along a 750-m well pad passive sampling transect across a 16-acre well pad containing two unconventional wells during all phases of development and extraction comprising fifteen distinct sampling periods. An access road transect was also utilized to explore reactive N dynamics in a near-road environment on the well pad where NO2 concentration and isotope dynamics were highly correlated with daily traffic count (r2 = 0.78–0.88, p < 0.01). An onsite chemiluminescent NO2 source apportionment model was compared against δ15N–NO2 and δ18O–NO2 source apportionment models (r2 = 0.57 and 0.82 respectively), demonstrating the possible utility of δ18O–NO2 as a source apportionment tool in near-source environments. In addition, the δ15N–NO2 source apportionment method compared well against a background-subtraction method (slope = 0.82, r2 = 0.88, p < 0.001) during non-wintertime conditions and was used to find N loadings directly attributable to well pad activities. In total, the total N deposition across the transect, attributable to well pad activities, utilizing industry's best management practices, ranged from 0.16 to 0.55 kg N ha−1 yr−1. This magnitude of well pad attributable N deposition is high enough to result in exceedances of nitrogen critical loads in areas with high well count densities and high baseline N deposition.

Improved system calibration for 131I SPECT image quantification

Objective. SPECT system calibration plays an essential role in the accuracy of image quantification. In this work, an improved SPECT calibration method is proposed, considering the partial-volume effect (PVE) and the source calibration position. Methods. In the method presented, the calibration factor (S0) is determined by an exponential fit of the calibration curve, which uses different threshold levels for determination of Volume of Interest. The calibration factor was calculated for images with High Count Density (HCD) and Low Count Density (LCD), and varying the source position within the phantom. To validate the calibration method, the calibration factors were used for absolute quantification of the total reference activities. Results. As expected, the sensitivity increases exponentially with volume, reaching a saturation level for volumes larger than the spatial resolution of the system, at which point the PVE becomes negligible. We obtained 13% accuracy in the image quantification using a centralized calibration source, which concurs with previous work. However, the calibration factors obtained with HCD images present the highest relative deviation (−18%) between the central and the most peripheral position, whereas for LCD images the deviation was only 3.7% for the same positions. Overall, deviations were below 9% for the calculated activities for each source position and using the calibration factor for the corresponding position. Conclusions. The proposed method has proven to be easier and faster to implement than other suggested procedures. SPECT quantification can be improved if the target position is considered in the calibration system procedure.

Efek Kadmium terhadap profil DNA Bacillus cereus ATCC 9632 dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa WT pada Limbah Sintetik Elektroplating

The electroplating industry produces wastewater containing heavy metals. The high surface area of bacteria has the potency to reduce heavy metals content in wastewater since it has ability to absorb the metals. This study aims to find out the bacterial DNA profile after Cd bioremoval process using Bacillus cereus 9632 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa WT. Bacterial culture is applied in synthetic electroplating wastewater. Some Cd concentrations are used to perform Range Finding Test by bacterial culture. The study was conducted in a batch system for three days. The viability test was done by measuring the value of Optical Density and Total Plate Count, while bacterial DNA profile was analyzed by using electrophoresis. The cell viability of B.cereus ATCC 9632 and P.aeruginosa WT had the same pattern which is the higher concentration of Cd metals on cell bacteria surface, the lower cell bacteria viability. The DNA of the control bacteria has the difference between the size and number of bands.

Hair Growth Promotion by Extracts of Inula Helenium and Caesalpinia Sappan Bark in Patients with Androgenetic Alopecia: A Pre-clinical Study Using Phototrichogram Analysis

Inula helenium (IH) is known to possess antifungal, anti-bacterial, anti-helminthic, and anti-proliferation activities. Caesalpinia Sappan (CS) is known to reduce inflammation and improve blood circulation. Based on their folkloric use, these plants are expected to be promising candidates for promoting hair growth and preventing hair loss. Moreover, these plants are rich sources of certain phytochemicals, which have been reported to promote hair growth. In this clinical trial, we investigate the efficacy of a scalp shampoo formulated by mixing extracts of IH and CS in preventing hair loss and promoting hair growth in patients with androgenetic alopecia. Using a phototrichogram (Folliscope 2.8, LeadM, Korea), we compared the hair density and total hair counts in patients receiving the scalp shampoo at baseline, and at 8, 16, and 24 weeks after use of the shampoo. We found a statistically significant increase in the total hair count in the test group (n = 23) after 16 and 24 weeks of using the scalp shampoo (2.17 n/cm2 ± 5.72, p &lt; 0.05; and 4.30 n/cm2 ± 6.37, p &lt; 0.01, respectively) as compared to the control subjects. Based on the results of this clinical study, we conclude that the IH and CS extract complex is a promising remedy for preventing hair loss and promoting hair growth.

Protective effects of alpha stone on monosodium glutamate-induced uterine hyperplasia in female wistar rats

BackgroundUterine leiomyomas (fibroids), a menace of the reproductive age, is characterized by proliferation of smooth muscle cells (hyperplasia) of the uterus. Alpha Stone Decoction is a poly-herbal formulation that is used for the shrinkage and prevention of uterine fibroids in folkore medicine. ObjectiveWe investigated the efficacy and safety of Alpha Stone Decoction (ASD), on monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced uterine hyperplasia. Materials and methodsTwenty-eight mature virgin female rats were randomly divided into four study groups: A-control B- MSG (200 mg/kgbw), C- MSG + ASD (100 mg/kgbw) and D- ASD 100 mg/kgbw alone. The administration was carried out by as a single daily dose via intraperitoneal route for 14 days. Total protein, triglycerides, estradiol (estrogen), progesterone, and total cholesterol levels in sera were determined using appropriate kits. Uterine hyperplasia was assessed via histomorphometric method using the mitotic image plus software to compute the fibroblast cell count density while the uteri and ovaries of animals were stained with mason-tricon stain for histological examination. ResultsAdministration of MSG for 14 days resulted heavy deposits of collagen connective tissue within the myometrium layers of the uteri. ASD significantly (p < 0.05) reduced fibroblast cell count in MSG-treated animals and also protected against MSG-induced damage observed in the myometrium of the uteri and ovaries of the animals. Significant increases (p < 0.05) in levels of total protein; triglycerides, progesterone, cholesterol and estrogen in the MSG-treated animals were ameliorated following administration of ASD. ConclusionThese findings suggest that ASD contains bioactive agents which reversed MSG-induced uterine hyperplasia. It may therefore be useful in reducing the proliferation of fibroblast cells and managing other symptoms associated with uterine myoma.