Antitussive Research Articles

Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic refractory cough

近年来，随着我国咳嗽指南的颁布与相继更新，国内临床医师对慢性咳嗽常见病因的认识与诊治水平有了显著提升。难治性慢性咳嗽，为经过全面检查仍无法明确病因，或经过常规治疗后咳嗽仍无明显缓解的咳嗽，已越来越成为临床亟待解决的棘手问题。为推动难治性慢性咳嗽诊疗规范化，中华医学会呼吸病学分会哮喘学组、中国咳嗽联盟组织有关专家共同制订了《中国难治性慢性咳嗽的诊断与治疗专家共识》，共识主要包括定义、流行病学、发病机制、临床特点、诊断、评估以及治疗七个部分，其中重点阐述了难治性慢性咳嗽的诊断、评估及治疗，旨在更好地指导国内临床实践与推动相关研究工作。.

Phytochemical Screening, Chemical Constituents, Traditional Medicine Usage, Pharmacological Effect, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Semen armeniacae

Semen armeniacae refers to the seeds of Prunus armeniaca L. (Rosaceae). The Prunus armeniaca L. plant is spreading in the Korean peninsula, China, India, Japan, North Africa, and the United States of America. The Prunus armeniaca contains 3% amygdalin, titratable acidity, sugars (saccharose, fructose, and glucose), and organic acids (citric and malic acids) in addition to prunasin and mandelonitrile. Semen armeniacae is used for the treatment of asthma and cough (with expectoration and fever). It is used in constipation therapy. It is also used as eardrops for inflammation and tinnitus and the treatment of skin diseases. The pharmacological effect of Semen armeniacae includes experimental and clinical pharmacology. Experimental pharmacology includes anti-cholinesterase, neuroprotective, analgesic, antipyretic, antitumor, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antitussive activities. Decoction of Semen armeniacae to 2275 patients with COVID-19 improves clinical parameters such as lung state, clinical cure rate, number of cough reduction cases, symptom score of cough, viral nucleic acid testing, and inflammatory biomarkers. Oral intake of Semen armeniacae extract for 28 days did not cause any hematological, biochemical, or histological changes in rats. The Prunus armeniaca plant declines oxidative stress, inflammation, fat degeneration, and necrosis in alcohol-induced in-vivo and in-vitro liver injury models. There is no effect on fertility in rats after eating Semen armeniacae for 5 weeks. The average daily dose= 3-9 g of Semen armeniacae rinsing in boiling water then adding to a decoction. In conclusion, Semen armeniacae has anti-cholinesterase, neuroprotective, analgesic, antipyretic, antitumor, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antitussive activities.

Impact of guideline awareness on the counseling of patients with acute cough among general practitioners and pharmacy personnel.

ObjectiveTo explore the awareness and knowledge of applicable guidelines on acute cough among general practitioners, pharmacists and pharmacy technicians and to compare their recommendation behavior and clinical decision making to the evidence-based recommendation in the applicable guidelines.MethodsAn anonymous online survey was performed among 303 members of an existing panel of healthcare professionals (HCPs). They were presented with a hypothetical case vignette representative of their daily practice and asked for their treatment recommendations. After being shown an excerpt from the applicable guidelines, these questions were repeated.ResultsForty-six % of participants reported to seek information on cough and respiratory conditions very often or often. Among 12 non-prescription treatments-commonly used over-the-counter-products for acute cough, HCPs most often recommended various plant extract-based products (phytotherapeutic remedies) for the acute cough case, whereas chemically defined options such as ambroxol or N-acetyl-cysteine were recommended less often. Following presentation of the guidelines excerpt, recommendations of the phytotherapeutic remedies decreased moderately whereas that of the guideline-recommended ambroxol more than doubled. Among stated reasons for the recommendation guideline conformity increased from 5% to 35% among the top-3 reasons.ConclusionsThe recommendations for the treatment of acute cough by professionals involved in primary healthcare deviated considerably from the applicable guideline recommendation but changed after presentation of a guidelines excerpt and knowledge thereof. We conclude that dissemination of applicable guideline knowledge is relevant to improve evidence-based healthcare and clinical decision making.

Determination of phytocomponents and validation of squalene in ethanolic extract of Clerodendrum serratum Linn roots\u2014using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and GC-FID technique

BackgroundClerodendrum serratum Linn commonly known as Bharangi in India has wide applications in the Ayurveda and Siddha system of medicine which has been attributed to the treatment of various diseases like asthma, cough, fever, rheumatism, and cephalalgia ophthalmia. Squalene has nutritional, medicinal, and pharmaceutical health benefits, hence possess antioxidant and cytoprotective effects.MethodThe study presents the GC-MS analysis of phytoconstituents present in the Clerodendrum serratum roots and further estimation of one of the constituents, i.e., squalene which is ought to be present in the roots as per mass spectral data obtained. Squalene was determined from the ethanolic extract of C. serratum roots using GC-FID without derivatization.ResultsFour major constituents, i.e., squalene, methyl palmitate, hexadecenoic acid, and stigmasterol were detected by GC-MS. Squalene from the extract was eluted at 17.5min which was confirmed with the standard squalene peak eluted at the same retention time. The linearity range chosen was 5–30ug/mL, and the method was found to be pretty linear (R=0.995), accurate with satisfactory repeatability. Hence, the phytochemical compounds were detected by GC-MS and the squalene was determined and validated according to the ICH guidelines.ConclusionThus, the green gas chromatographic method can be used for quantification and qualification of active constituents in the roots of ethanolic extract of C. serratum. In addition, the presence of metabolite squalene by the GC-FID method was developed for the extract which is simple, fast, and environmentally friendly.

Pharmacognostical studies on leaves of Mussaenda frondosa Linn.

The Mussaenda frondosa Linn. belonging to the family Rubiaceae, commonly known as Sriparnah in Sanskrit, is a scandent shrub traditionally used in the treatment of cough, bronchitis, fever, inflammation, wounds, ulcers, jaundice, leucoderma and pruritus. Though it is an important plant, till date, no pharmacognostical reports have been available on its leaf. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to ascertain the requisite pharmacognostical standards for the standardization of the Mussaenda frondosa leaves. Various investigations like Pharmacognostical studies, preliminary phytochemical screening and High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) analysis were carried out, and the salient qualitative parameters were reported. Microscopical evaluation of the leaf revealed the presence of paracytic stomata, microcrystal’s, Idioblast, collenchymas, sand crystals and unicellular unbranched covering Trichomes. The presence of flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, mucilage, saponins and proteins were confirmed through Preliminary phytochemical studies. The HPTLC profile of ethanol extract from M. frondosa L. revealed ten phytoconstituents of Rf value ranging from 0.11 to 0.88. The significant peaks are observed at Rf values of 0.11, 0.16, 0.23 and 0.81. These findings provide referential information for correct identification and standardization of the Musssaenda frondosa leaves, even in powder form. This information will also be useful to distinguish Mussaenda frondosa from the closely related other species of Mussaenda. The Pharmacognostic and phytochemical profiles reported in this research work for Mussaenda frondosa may play a major role in setting monograph of the plant, which might be helpful in proper identification of the plant.

Flupentixol/melitracen for chronic refractory cough after treatment failure with other neuromodulators.

BACKGROUND: Gabapentin and baclofen are recommended for the treatment of chronic refractory cough (CRC). We investigated the efficacy of flupentixol/melitracen in patients unresponsive to these neuromodulators.METHODS: A total of 101 patients with CRC who failed to respond to gabapentin and baclofen were recruited, and treated with flupentixol/melitracen. The prevalence of cough resolution and changes in the Cough Symptom Score (CSS), cough thresholds to capsaicin, Hull Airway Reflux Questionnaire (HARQ), Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24 were evaluated after treatment.RESULTS: Ninety-eight patients (97.0%) completed the study. The overall successful cough resolution rate was 62.4% (63/101). Cough resolution was accompanied by an obvious decrease in the CSS and HARQ score and a remarkable increase in cough thresholds to capsaicin challenge and LCQ score, whereas anxiety and depression scores did not change significantly. The prevalence of adverse effects (e.g., insomnia and dizziness) was 21.8%. The prevalence of cough recurrence within 2 weeks after treatment cessation was 17.8%.CONCLUSION: Flupentixol/melitracen may be an efficacious option for CRC unresponsive to other neuromodulators.

European Respiratory Society guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in adults and children

These guidelines incorporate the recent advances in chronic cough pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. The concept of cough hypersensitivity has allowed an umbrella term that explains the exquisite sensitivity of patients to external stimuli such a cold air, perfumes, smoke and bleach. Thus, adults with chronic cough now have a firm physical explanation for their symptoms based on vagal afferent hypersensitivity. Different treatable traits exist with cough variant asthma (CVA)/eosinophilic bronchitis responding to anti-inflammatory treatment and non-acid reflux being treated with promotility agents rather the anti-acid drugs. An alternative antitussive strategy is to reduce hypersensitivity by neuromodulation. Low-dose morphine is highly effective in a subset of patients with cough resistant to other treatments. Gabapentin and pregabalin are also advocated, but in clinical experience they are limited by adverse events. Perhaps the most promising future developments in pharmacotherapy are drugs which tackle neuronal hypersensitivity by blocking excitability of afferent nerves by inhibiting targets such as the ATP receptor (P2X3). Finally, cough suppression therapy when performed by competent practitioners can be highly effective. Children are not small adults and a pursuit of an underlying cause for cough is advocated. Thus, in toddlers, inhalation of a foreign body is common. Persistent bacterial bronchitis is a common and previously unrecognised cause of wet cough in children. Antibiotics (drug, dose and duration need to be determined) can be curative. A paediatric-specific algorithm should be used.

Variability of the Chemical Composition and Bioactivity between the Essential Oils Isolated from Male and Female Specimens of Hedyosmum racemosum (Ruiz & Pav.) G. Don.

Hedyosmum racemosum (Ruiz & Pav.) G. is a native species of Ecuador used in traditional medicine for treatment of rheumatism, bronchitis, cold, cough, asthma, bone pain, and stomach pain. In this study, fresh H. racemosum leaves of male and female specimens were collected and subjected to hydrodistillation for the extraction of the essential oil. The chemical composition of male and female essential oil was determined by gas chromatography–gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector and coupled to a mass spectrometer using a non-polar and a polar chromatographic column. The antibacterial activity was assayed against five Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria, and two dermatophytes fungi. The scavenging radical properties of the essential oil were evaluated by DPPH and ABTS assays. The chemical analysis allowed us to identify forty-three compounds that represent more than 98% of the total composition. In the non-polar and polar column, α-phellandrene was the principal constituent in male (28.24 and 25.90%) and female (26.47 and 23.90%) essential oil. Other main compounds were methyl chavicol, germacrene D, methyl eugenol, and α-pinene. Female essential oil presented a strong activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 9997) with an minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 500 μg/mL and a scavenging capacity SC50 of 800 µg/mL.

Preliminary Investigation on the in vitro Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extract & Essential Oil of Aloe vera and Opuntia dillenii on Human Bacterial Pathogens

Opuntia dillenii and Aloe vera are used as medicinal plants. Opuntia dillenii belongs to Cactaceae and used for treatment of cough and bronchial troubles. Aloe vera belongs to Aloaceae and it is well established for its different medicinal uses ranging from treatment of skin burns to anti metastatic and antimicrobial activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts and essential oils of Aloe vera and Opuntia dillenii against selected human pathogens viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae by disk diffusion method and Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride (TTC) staining. The ethanol extract of Opuntia dillenni and Aloe vera showed good antibacterial activity against all the pathogens tested. Lower Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values were obtained for ethanol extracts of both the medicinal plants against the bacterial pathogens except Shigella dysenteriae which was not inhibited at lower concentrations. The essential oils of Opuntia dillenni and Aloe vera also exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens where Shigella dysenteriae was inhibited only at higher concentrations.

Feasibility and clinical utility of ambulatory cough monitoring in an outpatient clinical setting: a real-world retrospective evaluation.

Research questionObjective quantification of cough is rarely utilised outside of research settings and the role of cough frequency monitoring in clinical practice has not been established. This study examined the clinical utility of cough frequency monitoring in an outpatient clinical setting.MethodsThe study involved a retrospective review of cough monitor data. Participants included 174 patients referred for treatment of cough and upper airway symptoms (103 chronic cough; 50 inducible laryngeal obstruction; 21 severe asthma) and 15 controls. Measures, taken prior to treatment, included 24-h ambulatory cough frequency using the Leicester Cough Monitor, the Leicester Cough Questionnaire and Laryngeal Hypersensitivity Questionnaire. Post-treatment data were available for 50 participants. Feasibility and clinical utility were also reported.ResultsAnalysis time per recording was up to 10 min. 75% of participants could use the monitors correctly, and most (93%) recordings were interpretable. The geometric mean cough frequency in patients was 10.1±2.9 (mean±sd) compared to 2.4±2.0 for healthy controls (p=0.003). There was no significant difference in cough frequency between clinical groups (p=0.080). Cough frequency decreased significantly following treatment (p<0.001). There was a moderate correlation between cough frequency and both cough quality of life and laryngeal hypersensitivity. Cough frequency monitoring was responsive to therapy and able to discriminate differences in cough frequency between diseases.ConclusionWhile ambulatory cough frequency monitoring remains a research tool, it provides useful clinical data that can assist in patient management. Logistical issues may preclude use in some clinical settings, and additional time needs to be allocated to the process.

Medicinal Plants Used for Treating Mild Covid-19 Symptoms Among Thai Karen and Hmong.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is causing many severe problems globally, and it is not known for how long it will last. The only hope we have for dealing with the problem is to produce sufficient vaccines and administer them efficiently. However, the current demand for vaccines greatly exceeds the supply, and many people will suffer from the disease for still some time. Moreover, the period for immunity obtained by the vaccines remains unknown, and we cannot predict how long the world will suffer the COVID-19 infections. Therefore, there will be a continued demand for treatments of its symptoms. An alternative solution for providing such treatment is the use of traditional medicinal plants. Aims: To document medicinal plants used by Hmong and Karen in Thailand to treat mild symptoms of COVID-19. Methods: Traditional knowledge about ethnomedicinal plants used by Hmong and Karen in Thailand for treating mild symptoms listed by WHO as associated with COVID 19, was collected in field interviews and extracted from the literature. Results: We identified 491 plant species used medicinally by both ethnic groups to treat fever, cough, diarrhea, muscle pain and ache, rash, headache, sore throat, and conjunctivitis. Of the 491 species 60 were mentioned at least five times in the literature or in our field data. Of these 60 species, we propose the most commonly used ones for treatments of mild COVID-19 symptoms. Ten of these most commonly mentioned species were used for treatments of fever, nine for treatment of cough, four for treatment of diarrhea, two for treatment of rash, and a single species was used to treat muscle pain and headache. Conclusion: This study suggests alternative treatments for mild symptoms of COVID-19 with medicinal plants that are traditionally used by the ethnic minority groups of the Hmong and Karen in Thailand. Although COVID-19 is a new disease, its mild symptoms are shared with many other diseases. Traditional knowledge on medicinal plants used by the Thai Karen and Hmong could help in the treatments of these symptoms associated with COVID-19. Many of the proposed plants were used abundantly by both ethnic groups, and other studies on biological activities support their efficacy in such treatments.

Learn from the leadership of the COVID‐19 healthcare workers

On Dec. 17, 2020, I woke up with a tickle in my throat. Later it became a cough. I took cough syrup. By the weekend, I had cold‐like symptoms and began taking medicine for cold and flu. On Monday I was nauseated; I took Pepto‐Bismol. I lay on the couch getting sicker and sicker. I tried to drink juice or ginger ale, but could keep nothing down. I canceled Christmas dinner with my son and his family. By Christmas Day, I'd lost 15 pounds.

Assessment of Storage of Medicines at Home using Home Medication Review in Pediatric Population - A Community Based Study

People take medicines and vitamins to feel well and to stay well. However, any medicine, including those we buy without a prescription, can cause harm if taken in the wrong way or by the wrong person. That too in case of pediatric population it has to be considered very much.Medicines stored incorrectly at home can pose a health risk. Adult cold medications and antibiotics were the most commonly stored drugs at home, followed by analgesics. The most popular location for storing drugs was the refrigerator (50.6 percent). The majority of people did not read the packaging inserts. Self-medication was reported by a large percentage of homeowners (53.6%), and antibiotics recommended by doctors were frequently reused. There was a link between self-medication and educational attainment, but not with age, sex, marital status, occupation, or insurance type. There is a need for more public awareness and information about the storage and risks of reusing prescription drugs. The study conducted here is a community based prospective study where the paediatric storage of medicines was obtained through home medication review. Out of 150 pediatric participants, it was found that 20.66% of them stored in box or drawer or bag with lock and 79.33% without lock. The checking of expiry date was also enquired and in that those who checked expiry date never was 28%, timely 25% and before administration 47%.Therefore awareness of storage of medicines and looking into the expiry date of medicines is a less focused area among people.Consumers who use medications in the community should be urged to keep them in a way that preserves the medicine's quality while also protecting the consumer, their family, and visitors to their house. Keywords: Pediatric storage of medicines, Home medication review, Expiry date of medicines.

Learn from the leadership of the COVID‐19 health care workers

On Dec. 17, 2020, I woke up with a tickle in my throat. Later it became a cough. I took cough syrup. By the weekend, I had cold‐like symptoms and began taking medicine for cold and flu. On Monday I was nauseated; I took Pepto‐Bismol. I lay on the couch getting sicker and sicker. I tried to drink juice or ginger ale but could keep nothing down. I canceled Christmas dinner with my son and his family. By Christmas Day, I'd lost 15 pounds.

Learn from the leadership of the COVID‐19 healthcare workers

On Dec. 17, 2020, I woke up with a tickle in my throat. Later it became a cough. I took cough syrup. By the weekend, I had cold‐like symptoms and began taking medicine for cold and flu. On Monday I was nauseated; I took Pepto‐Bismol. I lay on the couch getting sicker and sicker. I tried to drink juice or ginger ale, but could keep nothing down. I canceled Christmas dinner with my son and his family. By Christmas Day, I'd lost 15 pounds.

Discussion on the Curative Effect of Feilike Mixture Combined with Montelukast Sodium Tablets in the Treatment of Senile Cough after Infection

Discussion on the Curative Effect of Feilike Mixture Combined with Montelukast Sodium Tablets in the Treatment of Senile Cough after Infection

Cumulative Risks of Excipients in Pediatric Phytomucolytic Syrups: The Implications for Pharmacy Practice

Expectorant phytomucolytic syrups are widely used pediatric OTC-medicines. Physicians, pediatricians, and pharmacists are traditionally concerned with the efficacy of the active ingredients in cough syrups, and rarely consider the safety aspects of excipients that however are not absolutely “inactive” and are proved to initiate some negative reactions and interactions with other drugs. This paper presents a review, categorization, and comparative analysis of the safety profile of excipients contained in the 22 best-selling OTC pediatric phytomucolytic syrups available in pharmaceutical markets in Ukraine and Germany and proposes an approach to the consideration of the excipients’ safety risks for a pharmacist in the process of pharmaceutical care. The study has revealed that only one of the twenty-two analyzed syrups does not contain any potentially harmful excipients. The results of this analysis were used for developing a specific decision tool for pharmacists that can be used for minimizing excipient-initiated reactions when delivering OTC phytomucolytic syrups for children.

Detection of pharmaceuticals in "dirty sprite" using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.

Dirty Sprite, also known as "lean" or "purple drank", is a preparation associated with the presence of codeine and promethazine. These drinks, predominantly used by young people, are mixtures of, for example, soft drinks, prescription medicines, and prescription cough syrups. The use of these illicit preparations started in Texas in the 1960s and become popularized in the 1990s. However, the misuse of these cocktails has become more common in other countries to date, for example, in Thailand. Given the illicit nature of these preparations and the lack of information available on the composition of these products, there is a need to identify and quantify the drugs that may be present. Three samples of Dirty Sprite were analyzed using GC-MS after liquid/liquid-extraction under acidic and basic conditions. Since the acidic extraction did not show the detection of relevant substances, samples were alkalized to pH ≥ 9, followed by extraction with 1-chlorobutane. GC-MS screening revealed the identification of codeine, dihydrocodeine, promethazine and impurities of cocaine. A selected ion monitoring method was developed for the quantification of these compounds using lemonade as a calibration matrix. Quantitative analysis showed concentrations of 130-mg/L codeine, 75-mg/L promethazine, and 3.4-mg/L cocaine in sample 1; 74-mg/L promethazine and 91-mg/L dihydrocodeine in sample 2; and 130-mg/L codeine combined with 68-mg/L promethazine in sample 3. The results also illustrate that the consumption of drugs detected in Dirty Sprite samples could lead to health risks given that these prescription medicines are consumed outside the medical environment.

Novel Rapid Isocratic RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride, Paracetamol, Caffeine, Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride

Background: A tablet dosage form widely used in the treatment of cough and cold, containing phenylephrine hydrochloride, paracetamol, caffeine, and diphenhydramine hydrochloride as active pharmaceutical ingredient was selected for the development of a novel, rapid, simultaneous isocratic reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method. Objective: The objective of this paper was to develop and validate a novel, rapid, simple, precise, accurate and reproducible RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of phenylephrine hydrochloride, paracetamol, caffeine, diphenhydramine hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Method: Optimized chromatographic conditions were an isocratic elution with prontosil C18-column (250×4.6 mm, 5 μ), methanol and 20mM phosphate buffer (55:45 v/v, pH 3 ) as mobile phase, flow rate 1.0 mL/min and UV detector set at λ max 220 nm. The method was validated for specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy, sensitivity, and robustness as per the International Council for Harmonization guidelines. Result: The retention times of phenylephrine hydrochloride, paracetamol, caffeine, diphenhydramine hydrochloride were found to be 2.8 min, 3.3 min, and 4.0 min and 7.3 min, respectively. This novel method was found to be rapid, simple, linear (R2&gt; 0.99), preciserelative standard deviation &lt; 2.0 %), accurate (recovery 98-102%), sensitive and robust. Conclusion: The proposed novel isocratic RP-HPLC method is rapid (short run time below 10min), highly selective, precise, accurate, sensitive and robust. The method was successfully applied for the simultaneous analysis of phenylephrine hydrochloride, paracetamol, caffeine, diphenhydramine hydrochloride in a pharmaceutical dosage form.

Comparative assessment of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition and in vitro antioxidant capacity of Garcinia schomburgkiana bark, fruit, and leaf extracts

Background: Garcinia schomburgkiana is a conventionally used as an herb for the treatment of diabetes, coughs, and menstrual disturbances. Objectives: The study was to examine in vitro antioxidant potentials and inhibitory effect against α-amylase and α-glucosidase of the bark, fruit, and leaf extracts of G. schomburgkiana using different traditional extraction methods and investigate the bioactive compound using spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. Materials and Methods: The extracts were prepared by maceration with 80% ethanol and decoction with distilled water. The anti-free radical activities of the extracts were tested through decolorization of 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and lipid peroxidation assays. The active compound was elucidated and quantified. Results: The ethanolic bark extract displayed the highest activities of DPPH, ABTS, lipid peroxidation, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase inhibition assays with EC50 values of 28.96 ± 1.62, 9.79 ± 0.14, 574.89 ± 14.68, 20.40 ± 1.33 and 2.81 ± 0.43 μg/mL, respectively. Thus, the ethanolic bark extract was selected to assess the bioactive compound by bioactivity-guided isolation. The active biflavonoid, named morelloflavone, was isolated and elucidated. Morelloflavone exhibited high activities comparable with positive controls (ascorbic acid and acarbose). Moreover, the content of morelloflavone from different extracts was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The bark maceration with ethanol yielded the highest contents of morelloflavone. Conclusion: The bark ethanolic extract of G. schomburgkiana has more potentials than other extracts. The isolated compound demonstrated the strong activities and could be the alternative source of natural antioxidants and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor.