Waste Disposal Costs Research Articles

A techno-economic study on the co-production of syngas and activated carbon from waste tyre gasification process

Waste tyre gasification offers a variety of benefits amongst which include the production of syngas—an alternate source of energy generation and activated carbon (AC)—a very good adsorbent used in industrial purification processes. In this study, a conceptual design of an industrial production plant design process and economic analysis of waste tyre gasification process for the co-production of syngas and AC were evaluated. Three reactor configurations namely: fluidized bed, fixed bed, and rotary kiln gasifiers were investigated in the design process. The design process put into consideration the total plant cost (TPC), total capital investment (TCI), the cost of raw materials, waste disposal cost, amongst other vital economic parameters. The fixed bed reactor has the highest syngas and AC production with 10,130 kg/h and 214.61 kg/h, respectively when compared to the other gasifiers. The minimum selling price (MSP) of syngas was set as 1$/kg and AC was set at $2/kg. The result obtained shows that the fixed bed production route was the most economical amongst the three reactor configurations considered. The fixed bed route has a net present value (NPV) of 435 M$, return on investment (ROI) of 56%, internal rate of return (IRR) of 54%, and a payback period (PBP) of 4.86 years. Finally, a sensitivity analysis considering a pm 20% variation in key economic parameters such as the syngas MSP, inflation rate, interest rate, tax rate, operating expenditure (OPEX), and capital expenditure (CAPEX) amongst others was investigated. The analysis shows that the syngas MSP, OPEX, inflation rate, and CAPEX have the most effect on the NPV of the waste tyre gasification process.

오염된 토지, 특히 폐기물이 매립된 토지와 하자담보책임

In the contract of sale, warranty liability for defects has the character of incomplete performance in that the original obligation was not fulfilled and according to the general principle of compensation for damages, it is reasonable to regard the contents of damages as defect warranty liability as performance gains. For this reason, recently, the Supreme Court, through the Supreme Court's decision 2017da202050 Decided April 8, 2021(hereinafter referred as ‘the Judgement’), made a ruling in the case of the sale of land where wastes were buried, even if the seller was not at fault, the amount of waste disposal costs that exceeded the purchase price was clearly recognized as damages according to warranty liability for defects. This is meaningful in that it was revealed that the scope of compensation for damages under warranty liability for defects in the sale of specific goods could reach the performance benefit separately from the fault of the seller. However, it would have been a more faithfully reflected judgment if it had been judged together with the calculation of the scope of damages on whether the principle of equivalence still plays its role in calculating damages under warranty liability for defects. In particular, in view of the fact that warranty liability for defects is operated as a seller's no-fault liability in principle, it would be a fair and faithful interpretation to consider that it is possible to adjust the scope of compensation for damages under the principle of good faith in consideration of the buyer's responsibility for the occurrence of defects. Such an interpretation of warranty liability for defects will play a role in drawing attention to the seller's obligation to provide warranty against defects in the object of sale, especially in cases involving environmental issues such as waste landfill.

Analysis and Optimization of Tensile Strength for Loess Stabilized by Calcium Carbide Residue

Calcium carbide residue (CCR) can be reutilized to solidify the loess for road construction as a base or subbase due to its rich Ca(OH)2 facilitating pozzolanic reaction with water and soil particles. This study examines the effect of curing time, CCR contents, and dry unit weights on the tensile strength (Rt) of CCR-stabilized loess through the splitting tensile test. Aiming to predict the Rt values, the ratio of porosity (n) controlled by compacted effort and initial volumetric CCR content (Liv), namely n/Liv, was chosen as a prediction parameter and then modified to n/Liv0.064 for compatible variation rate with Rt values. A prediction model for the splitting tensile strength of CCR-treated soil was proposed considering the modified ratio n/Liv0.064 and curing days. The results indicate that Rt values showed a nearly linear positive correlation with CCR contents and dry unit weights, logarithmic increase with the extension of curing time, but no apparent relationship with the ratio n/Liv. The modified ratio n/Liv0.064 can reflect the trend of Rt values at different curing days since the coefficients of determination were almost greater than 0.90 except for the specimens cured for seven days. The proposed prediction model had a good fit for laboratory data with 97% acceptability and close to 3% error. It can be applied for estimating the Rt values of CCR-stabilized loess using curing time and an optimized ratio of porosity and initial volumetric CCR content. From the aspect of practical engineering, the reutilization of CCR can reduce construction costs, waste disposal costs, and environmental pollution.

Comparative study of different sewage sludge incineration treatments based on environmental and economic life cycle assessment.

Incineration is one of the most widely used treatments in the field of sewage sludge disposal. However, the choice of sewage sludge incineration process is still controversial. In this study, the comparative life cycle assessment of sewage sludge incineration processes, including the mono-incineration, co-incineration in coal-fired power plants and co-incineration in municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration plants, was carried out from the perspective of environment, carbon footprint and economy. The environmental assessment results show that terrestrial ecotoxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, marine ecotoxicity, human carcinogenic toxicity and human non-carcinogenic toxicity are the most significant environmental impacts. And the environmental performance of co-incineration in coal-fired power plants is the best. Moreover, the environmental impact is most sensitive to the dehydrant, electricity and fly ash chelating agent. Co-incineration in MSW incineration plants has the lowest carbon emissions, with only 70.50% and 82% of the carbon emissions from mono-incineration and co-incineration in coal-fired power plants, respectively. Furthermore, sewage sludge mono-incineration has the highest disposal costs because of the higher depreciation and solid waste disposal costs. The comprehensive evaluation results reveal that the optimization should focus on the selection of dehydrant and fly ash chelating agent, as well as the improvement of the equipment efficiency.

Some Current Technologies of Produced Water Treatment: An Overview

Produced water is considered the largest waste stream generated in the oil and gas industries, which has a high concentration of hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and other pollutants. As the activity in the industries increases, the generated produced water has also increased worldwide. Therefore, treating it for reusing becomes very important from an environmental point of view. This paper aims to examine the importance of produced water treatment, the capacity of produced water as well as management, the reuse of oilfield-produced water, and some of the current methods available for produced water treatment. Production water treatment could be achieved with different processes or methods including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. The physical method usually involves filtration systems that uses screens, sand, etc to eliminate large suspended materials. The chemical method is a process of decreasing the harmful nature of an effluent by using some particular chemical. It also helps to recover appreciated by-products from harmful wastes, which reduces the general cost of waste disposal. While the biological method is to degrade organic compounds that are existing in the waste by microorganisms (aerobic and/or anaerobic). Raw-produced water is toxic, by using suitable technology, it can be treated for different reuse even as drinking water, especially for countries that suffer from water scarcity.

Assessing the formation and destruction behaviors of fine powder agglomerates in vibrating fluidized beds using the Ergun equation

The recycling and reutilization of powdery/dust waste are becoming increasingly important for ensuring a sustainable environment and decreasing the cost of waste disposal. In this regard, we examined component separation using a vibrating fluidized bed based on the differences in the agglomeration properties of the particles of each component. In the proposed separation method, the knowledge of agglomerate formation and destruction in a fluidized bed is essential. In this study, the effects of particle properties on agglomerate formation and destruction in a vibrating fluidized bed were investigated. Rutile and anatase titanium oxide and zinc oxide were used as test powders. The changes in the powder layer height and pressure drop were recorded. The results were utilized to compute the changes in the agglomerate size using the Ergun equation, and agglomerate formation and destruction were evaluated. Furthermore, the relationship between the equilibrium agglomerate size and vibration intensity was investigated.

Corporate Financial Attributes and Waste Disposal Cost Disclosure of Listed Industrial Goods Companies in Nigeria

This study examines the impact of corporate financial attributes on waste disposal cost disclosure (WDCD) of listed industrial goods companies in Nigeria from 2013-2020. A sample of ten (10) companies listed as industrial goods using census sampling technique was drawn from the population of thirteen (13) companies. Audited annual reports and accounts were used for data extraction. The analysis was done using descriptive statistics and multiple regressions. Explanatory research design was adopted in the study to find out the impact of corporate financial attributes on WDCD. Variables used include firm size, leverage, ROA and sales growth and WDCD measured using ordinal coding scheme based on GRI guidelines (G4). Robustness tests such as multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, normality test and Hausman specification test were conducted to validate the results. The study revealed that there is negative significant relationship between FSIZE, LEV, SGWRT and WDCD while negative insignificant relationship between ROA and WDCD of listed industrial goods companies. The study therefore, recommends that the federal government of Nigeria should make WDCD mandatory especially among industrial good companies considering the nature of their activities polluting the environment. This can be done by making environmental reporting as part of the requirements for listing companies on the floor of Nigerian stock exchange.

Single-use versus reusable ancillaries for dual mobility cup in total hip replacement. A prospective randomized short-term safety and feasibility comparison

BackgroundSingle-use (SU) ancillaries for cup preparation in total hip arthroplasty (THR) aim to reduce the costs of hip replacement surgery. These devices have been recently introduced, but their safety and feasibility have not been studied. Therefore, we performed a prospective randomized study aiming to assess the impact in our department of using these SU ancillaries versus standard reusable ancillaries for dual mobility THR regarding 1) the cost, 2) operative time, 3) quality of primary fixation. HypothesisWe hypothesized that the use of SU ancillaries for acetabular preparation would reduce maintenance costs, and so optimise the operating procedure, reduce the overall cost of surgery, save time, while maintaining the same quality of prosthesis fitting. MethodWe conducted a randomised, controlled, open-label, two-arm, single-centre, prospective therapeutic trial with a medico-economic objective. Inclusions were made prospectively from patients hospitalised and surgically managed in our department for arthrosis over 18 years old treated with dual mobility THR. ResultsIn the current study, 18/20 (90%) of the cases required the use of one SU reamer when using SU ancillaries. Only two cases (10%) required a second SU reamer (without SU failure regarding the acetabular implant) because there was too much subchondral bone left and not enough cancellous bone allowing correct cup fitting. We also found that the test implant supplied in the SU kit had a less secure press-fit than the reusable metal test implants. There was one of primary press-fit failure in the SU group requiring a different cup with additional screws. The estimated cost to the supplier per procedure was 20,105 euros using single-use reamers versus 26,666 euros using conventional ancillary kits, a saving of 6561 euros (p<0.001). For the healthcare institution, the median price per intervention on the differentiating points was 2648 euros versus 2580 euros, with no significant difference (p=0.297). The results show an average societal cost of 52,199 euros using single-use and 53,572 euros using reusable ancillary equipment, with a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.003). The average cost of Healthcare Risk Waste (HCRW) disposal in the SU group was 5.2 euros per intervention against 5.1 euros in the RU group, without significant difference (p=0.910). We found a similar result for the cost of disposal of non-HCRW waste per procedure: 0.37 euros in the SU group versus 0.34 in the RU group, without significant difference (p=0.345). ConclusionSU ancillaries significantly reduce the table set up time and have the potential to facilitate time and cost savings but further research is needed in this direction. Our study shows that the daily workload, operating times, and the number of boxes of instruments to be sterilised are decreased. The associated environmental gain is significant. Nevertheless, the economic promise of these SU ancillaries is only partially supported in this trial owing to the small number of patients. Further work will be needed to obtain a more powerful medico-economic assessment of this promising ancillary product. Level of evidenceII; prospective randomized study.

Development of Circular Economy in Modern Conditions

Abstract The concept of a circular economy in the world arose in response to growing consumption and, as a result, to the accumulation of a mass of waste that cannot be quickly processed in the natural environment and has a harmful effect on the environment. The introduction of a circular economy along with the modernization of production will provide Ukrainian society with double benefits. First, the reuse of already consumed resources allows you to obtain significant benefits both in terms of savings in their purchase and in reducing the costs of waste disposal. Secondly, the burden on the environment is reduced and the problems of waste disposal are solved, which positively affects the country’s ecosystem. The essence and types of decoupling as a strategic basis for the development of the green economy are analyzed. The actualization of the use of decoupling for Ukraine in the context of highlighting issues of its environmental and economic security is shown. Calculations of the integral decoupling factor for Ukraine were carried out. Based on the results of the calculations, conclusions were made regarding the effectiveness of the system of nature management and management of the socio-economic development of the state, directions for solving problems and prospects for further research were determined. The conducted analysis made it possible to draw conclusions that at this stage of economic development there is an urgent need to transition to an inclusive and circular economy. The results of the conducted research can be used in the development of the strategy of green economy and sustainable development of countries.

Continuous separation and purification of glycerol distillation residues in the sense of circular economy: Experimental proof-of-concept and techno-economic assessment

The residue obtained in the course of the distillative purification of crude glycerol from biodiesel production contains mainly inorganic salts like sodium chloride and potassium sulphate, glycerol and matter-organic-non-glycerol. This residue is often discarded, since organic matter is present in the salts which prohibits further use where higher salt purities are needed. However, separation and purification of the residue is of interest, from an environmental but also economic point of view. Here, we demonstrate an experimental proof-of-concept for the separation and purification of glycerol-salt mixtures with ethanol as solvent in continuous counter-current solid-liquid operation in a stirred extraction column, the Taylor-Couette disc contactor. The Taylor-Couette disc contactor proves to be a viable apparatus for this application, especially in view of its simple and robust design with absence of static internals, which limits fouling and prevents accumulation of solids. Furthermore, a techno-economic assessment of the process based on a simulation in AspenPlus was conducted. Economics were evaluated on the basis of capital and operating expenditures, also taking into account waste disposal costs and profits from the sale of value-added products such as purified salt.

Optimization of Gelatine Synthesis from Lime Fleshed Hide Trim Solid Waste

This research takes a “waste to wealth” approach, generating useful products from solid tannery waste. It focuses on the production of gelatine from solid waste calcareous hide trimmings, which pollute the environment due to their high levels of lime, sulphide, fat, and protein. The lime trim contains the majority of the collagen so gelatine can be extracted from the cuttings using alkalis such as potassium hydroxide. Gelatine was extracted from waste using an alkaline and hydrothermal treatment method with potassium hydroxide. The most important factors in extracting gelatine from waste were found to be time, concentration, and temperature, with values of (1, 2, 3) h, (0.5, 0.75, 1) M, and (60, 70, 80) °C, respectively. The optimum conditions were 70 °C, 2 hours, and 0.75 M, as determined by optimization using Design-Expert software, and the optimum protein content was 87.25% using the Kjeldahl method for protein content analysis. After extraction, the gelatine has a viscosity of 240 cp, a gel strength of 245 g, a pH of 7.2, and a moisture content of 12.11%. This research can be fully utilized to reduce the cost of waste disposal and waste containers in the solid waste of leather tanneries while possibly generating additional revenue.

Pantry direct: A transformative supply chain for reducing food insecurity

AbstractThe food bank, a nonprofit, humanitarian organization, recovers charitable food donations from retail stores via collaborative relationships. We demonstrate that decentralized supply chains enable local partnerships and drive value creation via increased exchange of products and services that also better align with community needs. Our supply chain intervention resulted in a reduction in waste disposal costs for the retailer and a greater supply of food for the food bank. We study the private–public partnership (PPP) in retail food recovery in two successive phases. The first exploratory phase incorporates qualitative data from key informants at multiple Feeding America partners across the United States. The second phase was a researcher‐led supply chain intervention involving multiple stakeholders and executed with our partner food bank. Our intervention, Pantry Direct, represents a transition in the PPP to a decentralized, community network. It shifts the pickup responsibility for retail food recovery to a purely volunteer workforce at the pantry. Retail store management noticed lower pickup service reliability; however, more frequent interactions between food pantry volunteers and retail store employees improved communication, which overshadowed the limitations of the volunteer workforce. Owing to several factors, the gain in PPP performance was not universal. Among the five retail stores that participated in the supply chain intervention, two increased food donations and two others decreased food waste. The Pantry Direct model is transformative in the fight against food insecurity, as increased volume (and quality) of retail food donations enabled downstream pantries to provide end clients with more adequate, consistent, or appropriate access to food.

Operating Room Recycling: Opportunities to Reduce Carbon Emissions Without Increases in Cost

BackgroundThe healthcare industry is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Within the hospital, operating rooms are responsible for the largest proportion of emissions due to high resource utilization and waste generation. Our aim was to generate estimates of greenhouse gas emissions avoided and cost implications following implementation of a recycling program across operating rooms at our freestanding children's hospital. MethodsData were collected from three commonly performed pediatric surgical procedures: circumcision, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, and laparoscopic gastrostomy tube placement. Five cases of each procedure were observed. Recyclable paper and plastic waste was weighed. Emission equivalencies were determined using the Environmental Protection Agency Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator. Institutional cost of waste disposal was $66.25 United States Dollars (USD)/ton for recyclable waste and $67.00 USD/ton for solid waste. ResultsThe proportion of recyclable waste ranged from 23.3% for circumcision to 29.5% for laparoscopic gastrostomy tube placement. The amount of waste redirected from landfill to a recycling stream could result in annual avoidance of 58,500 to 91,500 kg carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, or 6583 to 10,296 gallons of gasoline. Establishing a recycling program would not require additional cost and could lead to modest cost savings (range $15 to 24 USD/year). ConclusionsIncorporation of recycling into operating rooms has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions without increased cost. Clinicians and hospital administrators should consider operating room recycling programs as they work towards improved environmental stewardship. Level of EvidenceLevel VI – evidence form a single descriptive or qualitative study.

Survey and reduction of waste production from eye surgery

The health sector is facing new challenges due to the impact of climate change on health. At the same time, it significantly contributes to our society's climate footprint. Hospitals producing considerable amounts of waste are an important aspect of this burden. The aim of this work was to quantify the amount of waste produced by eye surgery and, as an optimization measure, to evaluate the effect of glass separation from residual waste. Over a2-week period, the waste generated by eye operations in the surgical theater of our university hospital was measured. Another 2‑week long measurement was conducted after the initiation of glass separation from general waste. The data obtained allowed acomparison of the two periods, the type of waste (residual and recyclable) as well as the type of operation (intraocular, extraocular). Considering regional waste disposal costs, an economic comparison was also performed. In the first measurement period (196 operations), atotal of 549.6 kg of waste was generated, 87% (478.3 kg) of which was residual waste, corresponding to 14.3tons of total waste annually. Intraocular procedures generated on average 80% more waste than extraocular procedures: 18.1 ± 3.9 kg and 11.4 ± 4.0 kg, respectively, per day and theater. Separation of glass from residual waste reduced its quantity by 7.2% in the second measurement period (197 procedures). As the disposal of glass is free of charge in the city of Essen, this resulted in asmall economic advantage (extrapolated to 112 € per year). The amount of waste generated by ophthalmic surgery is substantial, with apredominant proportion of non-recyclable residual waste. Intraocular operations are the cause of the majority of the waste produced. Simple measures, such as disposing of glass separately, are helpful and inexpensive to reduce the quantity of residual waste.

Effective management of waste glass: Application in the production of eco-friendly concrete

Aggregates are one of the main components of concrete as they give volumetric stability to concrete structures. However, consuming natural aggregates dramatically impacts the environment destroying the ecosystem. Thus, it is crucial to find secondary resources that can provide an acceptable performance level as natural aggregates. Many countries, especially in Asia, have limited for natural aggregates; hence, making natural aggregate expensive. Therefore, recycling waste materials with the potential to be used as aggregates would mitigate this challenge thereby reducing the impact on the environment. Hence, researchers worldwide are replacing various kinds of waste materials with partial or complete replacements for the natural aggregates in concrete. In this research work, recycle waste glass aggregates are used to partly substitute natural fine and coarse aggregates in producing eco-friendly concrete. In this regard, 5–20% of recycled glass aggregates were used to replace natural aggregates in concrete. Concrete slump test, mechanical properties such as compressive and split tensile strength tests are conducted on eight concrete mixes. As the percentages of aggregates increased due to the angular shape of fine glass aggregates, it decreases the slump value of concrete. Nevertheless, from the results, it is stipulated that recycling of waste glass aggregates can be an alternative to natural aggregates for concrete if used properly. Successful uses of these aggregates can save the environment and waste disposal costs and significantly save the total production cost of concrete as the density of glass concrete is lighter than the concrete made from conventional aggregates.

The role of additives in improving the flammability and calorific value of leather shavings and the binding of chromium compounds in ash

Leather processing companies are struggling with the problem of increasing costs of post-production waste disposal. Therefore, the issue of thermal waste disposal at the plant and the use of generated heat in the production process is becoming more and more popular. Leather waste on its own does not allow for autothermal combustion despite the sufficient higher heating value (HHV). Therefore the Authors proposed to improve the flammability of the fuel by adding a small amount of wood sawdust to leather waste and produce premixed pellets. Six such samples were incinerated in a laboratory-scale reactor, which enables the simultaneous measurement of characteristic temperatures, exhaust gas analysis and sample mass loss rate. Research has shown that even a small addition of sawdust enables a stable combustion process and does not cause the formation of sinters. In addition, studies of the ash showed that in the case of chromium-containing waste, a large part of it remained in the ash in the form of Cr2O3. Nevertheless, very fine ash causes the small fraction chromium to be carried with the flue gas stream, therefore controlled agglomeration of the ash structure would be advisable in the final installation. Emission analysis showed high and moderately high NOx and SO2 emissions, decreasing with the increase in the amount of sawdust addition in the sample. Research has shown that leather waste is not a burden, but can be an attractive and safe source of energy for the company, while improving waste management in a circular economy.

Production Inventory Optimization Considering Direct and Indirect Carbon Emissions under a Cap-and-Trade Regulation

Background: The latest global agreement on net-zero emissions encourages new studies on production inventory optimization that promote carbon emissions reduction without harming a company’s profit performance, particularly because certain carbon-pricing regulations bind manufacturing companies. Methods: This study aims to develop a production inventory model that considers direct and indirect emissions in three emission scopes. It incorporates emissions from production, material handling, transportation, and waste disposal for further treatment under a carbon cap-and-trade regulation. With the help of Maple software, a convex total cost function was solved. Results: The results show that the optimum production quantity depends on the values of demand, setup cost, holding cost, fixed cost per delivery, fixed cost for waste disposal, and other parameters related to carbon prices. This study also found that the total cost was highly dependent on the values of the carbon cap, carbon price, and delivery distance. Meanwhile, changes in the delivery distance and fuel emissions standard significantly impacted total emissions. Conclusions: The proposed model can guide manufacturing companies in setting the optimum production quantity per cycle. Moreover, they must carefully manage the delivery and setting of the carbon cap and carbon price from the government.

Expansive soil remediation using cement kiln dust as stabilizer

Expansive soil is typically described as a hidden disaster. The presence of expansive soil in construction sites is associated with the deterioration of structures resulting from volume change and loss in shear strength accompanied by increased moisture. Given the high cost of damage inflicted by expansive soils on structures, the examination of possible methods for the remediation of such deposits of soil is extremely important. Recently, several improvement approaches, such as the use of stabilizers, have been employed for expansive soils. However, most stabilizers are perhaps harmful to the environment. In this regard, waste by-products, such as cement kiln dust (CKD), have been used as stabilizers. The utilization of such products has the added advantage of reducing carbon footprint and construction cost. It also diminishes environmental hazards and waste disposal costs. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of CKD as a stabilizer for Al-Qatif expansive soils based on modifying the moisture–density (MD) relationship, swell–collapse potential (SCP), and unconfined compressive strength (UCS). To achieve the foregoing aim, three testing groups were executed, MD, SCP, and UCS. For each group, five series based on the amount of CKD added (i.e., 0 %, 2 %, 4 %, 6 %, and 8 %) were considered. The SCP and UCS series comprised several tests according to the curing period. The experimental results showed that CKD is beneficial for amending the Al-Qatif expansive soil. By adding CKD, the maximum dry density decreased, optimum moisture content increased, SCP fully diminished, and UCS substantially increased. The MD and SCP parameters were observed to be associated with the short-term CKD treatment, whereas the UCS was related to the long-term treatment.

Analysis of Optimal Solid Waste Recycling Policy: Evidence from U.S. Using Panel Data

Abstract We analyze how implementation of a market-based program of optimal recycling can be pursued and used to promote environmental quality. Presently in the U.S. economy, due to the relatively low private monetary costs of solid waste disposal, households and firms have little or no incentive to undertake recycling. As a result, most current recycling programs are apt to yield less than efficient outcomes. The paper offers a model for achieving an optimal level of recycling, and applies a combination of time-series and cross-sectional data to analyze and verify the potentials of an optimal recycling policy initiative toward an enhanced environmental management. JEL classification numbers: C33, Q24, Q28. Keywords: Recycling rate, Fixed and Random effects, Endogenous variables, Sample selection bias.

Energetic, Economic and Environmental (3E) Analysis of a RES-Waste Gasification Plant with Syngas Storage Cooperation

Today, the increasing amount of waste is a growing ecological and financial problem. Another issue is the need to limit the share of controllable sources powered by fossil fuels. A hybrid generation system (HGS) is proposed to solve both problems. The system consists of renewable energy sources (RES) and a waste gasification system. Contrary to many papers, it is proposed to include syngas storage and use gas turbines as balancing sources. The HGS was modeled, and electricity generation, capacity factors, and efficiencies were calculated. The economic (LCOE and PP) and environmental parameters (CO2 emission and reduction) were analyzed and calculated for different RES capacities. The results show that the proposed HGS covered 45.7–80% of municipal demand. The HGS was characterized by high CO2 emissions, due to the low efficiency of gasification-gas turbine installation and the need to compress syngas. However, the HGS can be environmentally beneficial due to the reduction in waste disposal in landfills. The LCOE was EUR 174–191 with a minimum at the RES capacity of 14 MW. Any change in waste disposal costs and emission allowances would cause significant changes in the LCOE. It was found that it can be beneficial to use a gasification system as a balancing source in a HGS.