Manpower Costs Research Articles

Tính toán chi phí đầy đủ của gói tầm soát ung thư đường tiêu hóa tại bệnh viện đa khoa Phương Đông năm 2020

Objective: This study aims to "Calculate the full cost of the screening package for gastrointestinal cancer by 2020 at Oriental General Hospital". Method: Estimate the full cost from the service provider's point of view. The costs taken into account include the cost of depreciation of builidings and infratructure; equipment depreciation costs; personel costs; drugs cost, consumable supplies and chemicals; regular maintenancee cost; electricity and water costs, environmental sanitation, laundry, waste treatment and other recurrent expenses. Costs are divided into direct and indirect costs. The direct cost is calculated by aggregating the manpower cost; expenses for drugs, consumable supplies and chemicals; depreciation costs for direct infrastructure and equipment; direct recurrent costs of package execution procedures. Indirect costs include costs from indirect departments / departments that cannot directly allocate costs to activities using the appropriate allocation criteria for package delivery procedures. Results: The cost of the gastrointestinal cancer screening package is VND 2,463,917. The direct cost is l,693,946 VND (68.75%), of which the largest cost is the drugs cost, consumables (VTH), chemicals is 543,578 VND. Indirect costs are 769,971 VND (31.25%), of which the largest cost is salary, bonus, indirect departmental allowances is 486,906 VND. Conclusion: This study provides important evidence for hospital administrators to make appropriate, effective and timely business decisions, in order to develop reasonable incentive and promotional policies for the business of examination packages; and to develop strategies to well control the cost incurred but constantly improve service quality in order to creating competitive advantages with other hospitals in the region. Keywords: Cost, cost accounting, gastrointestinal cancer screening, Oriental Hospital.

Dual Fluorescence Emission by Irradiation of Single Optical Source for Fluorescein Sodium and 5-ALA Applications

Abstract Most brain surgeries aim to completely resection a tumor. However, the arrangement of blood vessels around brain tumors is often complex. Moreover, the tumors and blood vessels have similar colors, making it difficult to identify the boundaries between them with the naked eye. Fluorescent staining is a method used to distinguish the borders between brain tumors and blood vessels. The fluorescent contrast agents commonly used to observe tumors are 5-aminolevulinic acid and fluorescein sodium, which have different surgical sensitivities, depending on the type of tumor. In this article, a dual band bandpass filter with dual-wavelength emission for 5-aminolevulinic acid and fluorescein sodium is designed, and the dual-band bandpass filter capable of inducing simultaneous fluorescence emission of fluorescein sodium and 5-aminolevulinic acid was investigated experimentally to improve accuracy, speed, and energy efficiency in clinical settings. The possibility of dual fluorescence emission with a single irradiation is proposed. The efficiency of transmission and reflection (optical density) is 98% and 0.01%, respectively, and the bandwidth is 50% in the proposed filter. The proposed fluorescent dual-band filter has the advantage of saving energy, reducing auxiliary manpower and unit costs, and reducing operating room space requirements by producing two fluorescence diagnostic effects using a single equipment.

Influence of Manpower Cost Saving Strategy on Organizational Performance of Tea Manufacturing Firms in Kenya

The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of manpower cost saving Strategy on organizational performance of tea manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study was based on the cost containment theory, chain value analysis model and theory of manpower planning. The study used interpretive research philosophy. This is the study of phenomena in which an environment takes main point to the acknowledgement of scientist understudy. The study adopted descriptive research design. The study targeted 1928 employees from all the factories in the selected regions of KTDA.A sample size of 432 was used comprising of top management, directors, extension officers, supervisors and junior staff. The study used stratified random sampling and simple random sampling techniques to determine the sample size. Data was collected using questionnaire. The validity of the research instruments was verified by researchers’ supervisors while reliability of the instruments was tested by piloting test through crobach’s Alpha coefficient. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS version 22 to generate both descriptive and inferential statistics. Data was presented by use of tables and figures. Inferential statistics was used to give relationship between the variables. The findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between manpower cost saving strategy and tea manufacturing firm’s organizational performance, where manpower cost saving strategy explained9.4% in the firms organizational performance. The study concludes that manpower management strategy has a statistically significant effect on tea manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study recommends that tea firms should minimize do proper staffing and training to achieve cost effectiveness that will spur organizational performance.

Feasibility Study of Business Models of Hemodialysis in India

The burden of kidney disease in India is rising sharply. We estimated unmet needs of dialysis and found that Udupi district requires 57 additional dialysis machines. Feasibility studies were conducted for three business models: Standalone dialysis center, franchise-based model and mobile dialysis unit. Among these, a standalone dialysis center can provide upto 12% annual return on investment, while a franchise-based model is comparatively risk averse. Manpower cost comprises the major chunk of expenses incurred. A mobile dialysis center should be considered only by charitable institutions or if some costs can be met with NGO or governmental grants.

Improved Benders decomposition for stochastic yard template planning in container terminals

Recent trends in pursuing green ports have had positive effects on terminal operators constructing more eco-friendly decision schemes. A yard template in a container port not only determines the scheduling of the terminal handling equipment by container allocation, but also affects the carbon emissions from yard trucks caused by loading and unloading operations, due to the differing degree of yard road congestion. Moreover, the uncertainty regarding the number of transporting containers makes it challenging to construct a robust yard template for a container terminal. Motivated by research pointing to the need to alleviate the exhaust pollution generated by port handling equipment, this paper presents a two-stage stochastic programming model for yard template planning, with the aim of minimizing the maintenance and manpower costs of activating yard cranes for container handling and of reducing the carbon dioxide emitted from yard trucks. More specifically, the paper considers the impact of road congestion on carbon dioxide emissions from the perspective of the increase in transportation time caused by yard truck interruptions. The uncertainty regarding the number of transport containers is reflected by taking into account numerous scenarios in which different numbers of containers are loaded onto (discharged from) vessels that visit the port periodically. In addition, an improved Benders decomposition-based solution method is designed to solve the proposed model with large-scale problem instances. Several experiments are performed to validate the effectiveness of the model and the efficiency of the method. The numerical results demonstrate that yard template planning that considers road congestion can effectively reduce the carbon emissions of yard trucks in loading and unloading operations.

Benefits of cryopreservation as long-term storage method of encapsulated cardiosphere-derived cells for cardiac therapy: A biomechanical analysis

Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) encapsulated within alginate-poly-L-lysine-alginate (APA) microcapsules present a promising treatment alternative for myocardial infarction. However, clinical translatability of encapsulated CDCs requires robust long-term preservation of microcapsule and cell stability, since cell culture at 37 °C for long periods prior to patient implantation involve high resource, space and manpower costs, sometimes unaffordable for clinical facilities. Cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen is a well-established procedure to easily store cells with good recovery rate, but its effects on encapsulated cells are understudied. In this work, we assess both the biological response of CDCs and the mechanical stability of microcapsules after long-term (i.e., 60 days) cryopreservation and compare them to encapsulated CDCs cultured at 37 °C. We investigate for the first time the effects of cryopreservation on stiffness and topographical features of microcapsules for cell therapy. Our results show that functionality of encapsulated CDCs is optimum during 7 days at 37 °C, while cryopreservation seems to better guarantee the stability of both CDCs and APA microcapsules properties during longer storage than 15 days. These results point out cryopreservation as a suitable technique for long-term storage of encapsulated cells to be translated from the bench to the clinic.

Water Corrosion Problems and Sustainability of Water Supply Schemes

Water supply schemes should be technically and socially sustainable for smooth running, smooth operation and maintenances. Failure in either one of these leads to the whole system failure. Once the system is technically feasible, we can manage its social aspects. In this paper, we deal with technical sustainability of corrosive water, its impacts and the remedial measures. Corrosive water can severely damage intakes, metal pipes, cemented chambers, concrete reservoir and household plumbing systems. Hence, it is necessary to identify the corrosiveness of the water and should be neutralized. There are several solutions to this problem, however, they are not sustainable and economical for semi urban and rural communities. In this paper, we propose a sustainable, natural and economical solution to determine the corrosiveness of water and to effective technology to neutralize it. The proposed solution uses naturally available resources, hence makes it sustainable and affordable. Once the proposed method is deployed, it doesn’t require additional resources such as continuous monitoring, skilled manpower and electrical power cost etc. In this method, initially, the corrosiveness of the water is identified using parameters such as: total dissolved solid (TDS), pH, temperature, calcium and alkalinity. The corrosive water is then analyzed in laboratory. With carbon dioxide kinetic study, we verify the design of stabilization tank volume calculation. The research outcome is applied in the field to upgrade intake, pipe and fitting designs. The experiment in this research is conducted with the data obtained from several water supply schemes including Padampokhari water supply scheme in Nepal and tested in the same water supply scheme.

The Control System of Mountainous Multi-function Miniature Pile Drill WZFT

With the development of the power industry in China, in order to promote the further efficient and comprehensive development of the power industry in China, it is necessary to achieve precise mechanical automation in power engineering to meet the needs of the power industry in the new era, so that the level of automation of power machinery and equipment demand is higher and higher. Especially in the narrow, special field, mountain construction surface drilling operations of manpower and time cost of the project are heavier, to develop advanced first-class related drilling equipment is necessary, so as to improve the power industry punch into miniature pile operation automation level and efficiency, realize the equipment localization, To meet the requirements of high efficiency in the construction of power engineering, reduce the safety risk of construction personnel, greatly reduce the cost of the project, prevent soil erosion and protect the environment. The control system designed in this paper is to complete the power industry special multi-functional drilling equipment, to achieve the construction of drilling equipment used to drill into miniature piles, mainly through the open CAN bus control, and produced by Jiangxi Dongrui Machinery Co., Ltd., to achieve the control of high real-time and intelligence.

Automatic robotic system design and development for vertical hydroponic farming using IoT and big data analysis

In this digital world, all the developing countries' growth has improved drastically with farmers' influence and innovative farming processes. Generally, the farming process includes ancient traditional methodologies for maintaining the crops' quality and yields. Their farming was developed and has given more profit only with the quality of the soil and the nutrition used on land. But the drawback is they were spending much time to get their yields from their land, and the nutrition level was not maintained at all times. Moreover, more space was used for farming, with huge manpower required to maintain the entire land. Most countries are moved to smart farming concepts with IoT platforms to optimize the time and techniques. In that hydroponic, the best innovative idea to produce more crops, vegetables, and fruits without soil. Rockwool is used for farming processes with water contaminants at regular intervals will provide huge productions as well as no need to wait for a long time for cultivation. This method was implemented in most of the countries that were doing smart farming with less manpower and low cost. The hydroponic farming methodology is implemented with IoT sensors for monitoring crop's status and health continuously. Once their nutrition level or water level has decreased, it will provide all at constant time intervals to the entire system effectively. A few years ago, hydroponic farming was horizontally implemented on smaller spaces for the regular water flow. But now a day it is implemented on a vertical surface to reduce the space, and water flow is only at the time of need. This technology is used to increase the productivity of the crops with a small space of land and less manpower. Perhaps the cost of the entire system has been taken into consideration by small-scale unit farmers; vertical hydro farming provides better results when compared with previous classical methods. This research paper has given the design and implementation of automated vertical hydro farming techniques with IoT platforms, and their analytics will be done using big data analytics.

A cloud-edge-terminal-based robotic system for airport runway inspection

PurposeThis paper aims to present a novel robotic system for airport pavement inspection tasks.Design/methodology/approachThe cloud-edge-terminal-based distributed architecture is designed for the proposed robotic system. Then, the following three major parts are designed and deployed, respectively: Terminal: the wheeled-robot-based data collection system. Edge: remote monitoring and data analysis system. Cloud: shared database center of the inspection data and knowledge.FindingsValidation and application results show that the proposed system satisfies the demands of automated airport pavement inspection tasks and saves the cost of manpower and time.Originality/valueThe proposed system provides a novel solution for the full process of airport pavement inspection. Compared with the traditional manual method, the robotic system can guarantee complete coverage and provide high-precision pavement inspection results with less time and labor costs.

Research progress on in vitro models of cardiomyocyte injury

Cardiovascular diseases seriously endanger human health and life. The accompanying myocardial injury has been a focus of attention in society. Chinese medicine,serving as a natural and precious reservoir for the research and development of new drugs,is advantageous in resisting myocardial injury due to its multi-component,multi-pathway,and multi-target characteristics. In recent years,with the extensive application of culture method for isolated cardiomyocytes,a cost-effective,controllable in vitro model of cardiomyocyte injury with uniform samples is becoming a key tool for mechanism research on cardiomyocyte injury and drug development.A good in vitro model can reduce experimental and manpower cost,and also accurately stimulate clinical changes to reveal the mechanism. Therefore,the selection and establishment of in vitro model are crucial for the in-depth research. This study summarized the modeling principles,evaluation indicators,and application of more than ten models reflecting different clinical conditions,such as injuries induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation,hypertrophy,oxidative stress,inflammation,internal environmental disturbance,and toxicity. Furthermore,we analyzed advantages and technical difficulties,aiming to provide a reference for in-depth research on myocardial injury mechanism and drug development.

Smart Trash Bin Model Design and Future for Smart City

The trash disposal system, using standard trash bags, has been adopted by the government of the Republic of Korea (ROK) for more than two decades. This has caused a sanitary problem, as well as some secondary pollution. It is possible to solve this problem by deploying more manpower, but considering the manpower and maintenance costs that impose a heavy burden on the local governments who are experiencing tight financial situations, it would not be feasible. Thus, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based Smart Trash Separation Bin model that can reduce the cost of trash separation work has been proposed in this paper. The three efficient designs that respectively use a sensor, image processing, or spectroscope technology are presented. These IoT-based designs can bring significant merit to reducing the manpower costs, as well as the administrative cost involved.

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMEENT OF AUTOMATIC ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR VERTICAL HYDROPONIC FARMING USING IOT AND BIG DATA ANALYSIS

In this digital world, all the developing countries' growth has improved elastically with the impact of farmers and their innovative farming processes. Generally, the farming process can be developed with ancient traditional methodologies for maintaining the quality of the crops and their yields. Their farming was developed and has given more profit only with the quality of the soil and the nutrition’s used on land. But the drawback is they were spending much time to get their yields from their land and the nutrition level was not maintained at all times. Moreover, more space was used for farming with huge manpower is required for maintaining the entire land. Most of the countries are moved to smart farming concepts with IoT platforms for optimizing the time and techniques. In that hydroponic the best innovative idea to produce more crops, vegetables, and fruits without soil. Rockwool is used for farming processes with water contaminants at regular intervals will provide huge productions as well as no need to wait for a long time for cultivation. This method was implemented in most of the countries that were doing smart farming with less manpower and low cost. The hydroponic farming methodology is implemented with IoT sensors for monitoring crop's status and health continuously. Once their nutrition level or water level has decreased it will provide all at constant time intervals to the entire system effectively. A few years ago hydroponic farming was horizontally implemented on smaller spaces for the regular water flow. But now a day it is implemented on a vertical surface to reduce the space and water flow is only at the time of need. This technology is used to increase the productivity of the crops with a small space of land and less manpower. Perhaps the cost of the entire system has been taken into the consideration by small-scale unit farmers vertical hydro farming provides better results when compared with previous classical methods. This research paper has given the design and implementation of automated vertical hydro farming techniques with IoT platform and their analytics will be done using big data analytics.

Research on methods of investigation and analysis of highway slope stability after flood based on Insar and field investigation

The stability of highway slopes after floods is related to the smooth operation of traffic, construction and other related projects along the road. Taking highway slopes in Guizhou Province as the research object, conducting InSAR monitoring and on-site surveys on them, and obtaining a large amount of slope characteristic data after flood, the main conclusions are as follows: InSAR technology can study the influence of highway slope stability after flood, therefore, it saves a lot of manpower and time cost, uses on-site survey method to count the relevant characteristics of the slope along the highway, and uses the index system method to evaluate the risk level of the slope. It is believed that the road slope is prone to poor stability after the flood, and the risk level is higher.

Outcomes of an Asynchronous Virtual Glaucoma Clinic in Monitoring Patients at Low Risk of Glaucoma Progression in Singapore.

To assess the implementation outcomes of a new asynchronous virtual clinic, the Glaucoma Observation Clinic (GLOC), at the Singapore National Eye Center, in monitoring patients at low risk for glaucoma progression. Patients with low risk of glaucoma progression were followed up at GLOC. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and visual field testing or optic nerve head imaging were assessed by nurses and technicians, with virtual review of data by an ophthalmologist separately. The implementation outcomes were defined as patient satisfaction, assessed by a nurse-administered questionnaire; the rate of referrals back to the glaucoma outpatient department; the patients' journey time (minutes); the time taken for the specialist review (minutes), and the per capita manpower cost compared with current glaucoma outpatient model. A total of 377 patients were included, with the majority being glaucoma disc suspects (n = 250, 66.4%) and primary angle closure suspects (n = 54, 14.3%). Most patients (more than 90%) reported being satisfied, and only 7.7% (n = 29) were referred back to the specialist outpatient glaucoma clinic due to possible glaucoma progression. Compared with the glaucoma outpatient clinic, the average journey time in GLOC was 50% less (59.3 mins vs 132 mins), the average time for a specialist review was 3 times faster (5.8 mins vs 19.5 mins), and the per capita manpower cost of GLOC was halved ($20.07 vs $39.78). GLOC is a time-efficient, cost-saving, and sustainable model of care for managing patients with low risk of glaucoma progression. It was well received by patients and freed up the conventional clinic to treat patients with complex needs.

How does Cross-regional Supply Chain Function in the Global Auto Manufacturing

This paper presents a study on the inter-regional supply chain which helps company to manage the flow of components among regions of affiliate’s and Joint Ventures. Using a type of mode named as IRF (Inter-Regional Flow), the company will be able to create simplified supply chain network and reduce complexity for operation. Other resulting advantages include centralization of capacity management, utilization of sharing of parts from common and modified supplier tooling, and reduction of logistic and manpower cost for the receiving region in purchasing, manufacturing and supply chain management.

Design and fabrication of automated oil spraying machine for baking system

The article studies Automatic Oil Spraying Machine design and manufacture for baking device. In a current baking process, the workers manually spray the oil onto the trays. The spraying cycle increases the cost of man power in small scale industries. An automated oil spraying system is designed to solve these issues, where they can automatically spray the oil on the baking tray easily and effectively. The main components of this device are the mechanical and electrical components. The mechanical portion consists of conveyor belt, roller, bearing, gear, nozzle and tank, and mechanical structure. The electrical components include the IR sensor module, the dc motor, the dc pump, Arduino, and the source of the batteries. The key advantages of this approach are high precision oil spraying; improve efficiency, cost reduction and manpower. This model system's gross weight contains 15 kg (roughly). The efficiency of this device is checked for product production under different working conditions to track the performance of the work and the time durations.

Hierarchical Healthcare Facility Location at the Subdistrict Level in Western Uttar Pradesh: A Heuristic Approach

The Governments across the world are making continuous efforts to attain health for all. The efforts can gain more efficiency if the new healthcare facilities are created at optimal locations. There are various constraints on healthcare facilities, like cost of setup, coverage distance, service distance, population load, manpower and services offered. These constraints operate in a complex setting giving rise to alternate scenarios. The study proposes replicable heuristics to obtain the optimal locations under alternate scenarios for the Sub Centers (SC), Primary healthcare centers (PHC) and Community healthcare centers (CHC). The study takes the case of a block of villages in most populous state of India using the publicly available data, data from census, government portals and Bing Maps services. The study generates several alternatives scenarios for maximize demand, minimize service distance and minimize total costs for different population covered and service distance. The methodology suggested here might be helpful for the location decision making at the block level by the district administration.

Research on a small rice car for Southwest China

According to the special terrain of terraced fields in the southwest, a small integrated rice cart is designed, which consists of rice cutting device, rotating guide device, transmission device, rice beating device and vibrating screen device. The whole device is coordinated and cooperated with each other, which integrates rice cutting, rice feeding, rice beating and rice collection, improves working efficiency, reduces labor intensity and saves manpower and material costs. Rice cutting device, rice beating device, etc. can complete the whole process of rice cutting and collection, and thresh directly, so as to avoid the loss of grains caused by too many intermediate steps. The design of triangular wheel treads makes the rice cart convenient for cross-floor operation and more suitable for terraced terrain. The whole integrated rice cart not only breaks through the constraints of environmental factors such as terrain, but also avoids the complicated process of manual rice harvesting. Moreover, the device is relatively small in size and quality, has strong adaptability, improves the efficiency of harvesting rice, reduces the labor intensity, avoids the loss of seeds caused by intermediate processes such as transportation operations and field operations, and has good energy saving and emission reduction benefits.

A dynamic job-shop scheduling model based on deep learning

Ideally, the solution to job-shop scheduling problem (JSP) should effectively reduce the cost of manpower and materials, thereby enhancing the core competitiveness of the manufacturer. Deep learning (DL) neural networks have certain advantages in handling complex dynamic JSPs with a massive amount of historical data. Therefore, this paper proposes a dynamic job-shop scheduling model based on DL. Firstly, a data prediction model was established for dynamic job-shop scheduling, with long short-term memory network (LSTM) as the basis; the Dropout technology and adaptive moment estimation (ADAM) were introduced to enhance the generalization ability and prediction effect of the model. Next, the dynamic JSP was described in details, and three objective functions, namely, maximum makespan, total device load, and key device load, were chosen for optimization. Finally, the multi-objective problem of dynamic JSP scheduling was solved by the improved multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA). The effectiveness of the algorithm was proved experimentally.