Cost Of Education Research Articles

INDEPENDENT EDUCATION FUNDING THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP-BASED CURRICULUM AT ISLAMIC EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Funding for the education budget under the auspices of the Ministry of Religion by the government cannot fully cover the need for education costs, so the managers of Islamic education institutions must try to find other alternative sources to be able to cover the lack of education costs. One way to get this alternative source is to carry out education with an entrepreneurship-based curriculum. This study uses literature study research on articles that have the same variables studied. The results of this literature study conclude that the Islamic education institutions that adding an entrepreneurship-based curriculum are able to provide solutions to the problem of managing educational financing. They must be properly managed based on management principles and use the guidance based on Al Quran and Hadist. The Islamic education institution that success conducting all those requirements can even provide students with free school fees and living expenses and graduates from these educational institutions have an entrepreneurial spirit and the provision of skills and expertise to create their own jobs.

Study of Education and Punishment Based on Game Theory

Punishment as a means to regulate students behavior has reached a consensus in Chinese education for thousands of years, but it does not play a sufficient role in guiding the specif-ic problems in todays social practice. Based on the idea of game theory, this paper con-structs a mixed strategy game model in which schools, teachers and students participate at the same time, and through the analysis of the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium of the game model, puts forward methods to reduce students mistakes and improve students moral level. The results show that the probability of teachers implementation of educa-tional discipline is mainly related to the degree of punishment for teachers failure to im-plement educational discipline, the income and cost of paying attention to students moral cultivation; Students wrong behaviors are influenced by the spiritual benefits, costs, pun-ishments, rewards and costs obtained by teachers implementation of educational punish-ments, punishments obtained by teachers non implementation of educational punish-ments, and the benefits and costs of schools emphasis on students moral cultivation; It will be more helpful to improve the efficiency of the standardized training of students by improving the punishment for teachers failure to implement education discipline and stu-dents wrong behavior and reducing the cost of paying attention to students moral training.

Проблемы человеческого капитала и новых технологий — ресурсов, определяющих развитие современной экономики

To identify the reasons for the limited economic growth in modern Russia, the problems of resources that ensure economic growth are analyzed. These resources are the human capital of skilled and highly skilled workers and new technologies. The problem of human capital lies in the fact that the main trend in Russia in the second decade of the 21st century was the crushing of the growth rate of human capital in the form of a decrease in the level and loss of premiums for education of all types and levels. The problem of new technologies is the low level of exports of high-tech goods, which is less than 3% of the world volume, which corresponds to the 30th place in the world. Problems in the field of education and science, firstly, are due to the fact that management is based on a command-and-control style, in which management is based on the application of orders, norms, standards, the provisions of which are full of paradoxes and errors. and application of control, organized, among other things, on the basis of mass reporting. Secondly, the problems are due to the fact that the costs of education in modern Russia are small, amounting to 4–5% of GDP, therefore the country ranks 120th in the world in terms of the indicator, and the cost of research and development in the country is about 1% of GDP, which corresponds to 37th place in the world in this indicator. The number of highly qualified personnel in the field of education and science is shrinking. Problem solving can be achieved by increasing the cost of education and science, reorganizing the management systems of education and science, which does not ensure the coordination of activities and the use of resources necessary to achieve the goals of education and science. The regulatory and legal framework should be revised, organizational and managerial structures should be rebuilt, and the number of managerial personnel should be radically reduced.

Human capital as a component of the innovation ecosystem

The aim of this study is to investigate the human capital in the context of innovative ecosystems, determine the structure and state of investment in human capital in Ukraine and provide recommendations on ways to activate investment for the development of an innovative ecosystem. To solve research issues were used articles, statistical information, and databases to which were applied comparison methods, analytical and tabular methods to visualize the analysis of data.The results of the study show that there is a direct relationship between the level of economic development of the country and the number of innovative products created, which is confirmed by the analysis of indicators of global indices. Despite the strengths that have an impact on domestic innovation development, Ukraine is not an innovation leader and its indicators have been deteriorating in recent years, which indicates the lack of use of available innovation potential and the unstable economic and political situation in the country.A comparative analysis of the Human Capital Index showed that the values for Ukraine remained unchanged for a decade. This is influenced by problems of investing in education and healthcare, without which the functioning of the innovation ecosystem is impossible. Currently, the country is experiencing a constant decline in the population, which is associated with high mortality, low birth rates and short life expectancy. The study found that while education costs rose before the full-scale invasion, the number of educational institutions steadily declined due to the closure of schools with a few students. A similar trend continues in the healthcare sector, where, with a relatively stable number of visitors, hospital facilities are being reduced.As a final point, a conclusion involving that the main component of the innovation ecosystem is human capital, which is involved in the creation and production of innovative goods and services and can generate income. The main task for the country today is to attract additional investment in human capital, which will help reduce the burden on the state and help in creating and developing innovative industries that will increase the country’s competitiveness in the world.
 JEL classіfіcatіon: E22, I25, J24, O15, O31

Kameloh Baru Village: A Case Study on the Impacts of Unlicensed Gold Mining on the Local Economy and the Environment Use

This study aims to determine the positive and negative externalities of Illegal gold mining activities of Kameloh Baru Village, Sabangau District, Palangka Raya City. This study uses primary and secondary data with data collection techniques carried out by observation, questionnaires and literature searches with a total of 125 respondents. The analytical method used is the non-parametric Wilcoxon test with SPSS 25 software which provides research results which can be concluded that there are positive and negative externalities in society. The research results show that; (1) There is a positive externality, namely an increase in people's income, that is, there is a difference before the mine and after the mine where the community's income has increased. As well as the level of education costs for children or family members of the community has also increased where the number of children attending school has increased, apart from increased public awareness, this has also been matched by the ability of the community to finance their children's education due to increased community income. (2) While the negative externalities that exist are the health, safety and environment of the people affected by gold mining activities resulting in increased health costs incurred by the community, decreased security conditions around the area, and river water pollution as a result of illegal gold mining

Retracted: Prediction of Higher Education Cost and Analysis of Sharing Ability Based on Artificial Neural Network

Retracted: Prediction of Higher Education Cost and Analysis of Sharing Ability Based on Artificial Neural Network

Public economic gains from tax-financed investments in childhood immunization in the United States.

The emergence of COVID-19 has displayed the importance of immunization and the need for continued public investment in vaccination programs. Globally, national vaccination programs rely heavily on tax-financed expenditure, requiring upfront investments and ongoing financial commitments. To evaluate annual public investments, we conducted a fiscal analysis that quantifies the public economic consequences to government in the United States attributable to childhood vaccination. To estimate the change in net government revenue, we developed a decision-analytic model that quantifies lifetime tax revenues and transfers based on changes in morbidity and mortality arising from vaccination of the 2017 U.S. birth cohort. Reductions in deaths and comorbid conditions attributed to pediatric vaccines were used to derive gross lifetime earnings gains, tax revenue gains attributed to averted morbidity and mortality avoided, disability transfer cost savings, and averted special education costs associated with each vaccine. Our analysis indicates a fiscal dividend of $41.7 billion from vaccinating this cohort. The bulk of this gain for government reflects avoiding the loss of $30.6 billion in present-value tax revenues. All pediatric vaccines raise tax revenues by reducing vaccine-preventable morbidity and mortality in amounts ranging from $7.3 million (hepatitis A) to $20.3 billion (diphtheria) over the life course. Based on public investments in pediatric vaccines, a benefit-cost ratio of 17.8 was calculated for each dollar invested in childhood immunization. The public economic yield attributed to childhood vaccination in the U.S. is significant from a government perspective, providing fiscal justification for ongoing investment.

Stages of Research and Development Model Research and Development (R&D)

One of the efforts that every educational person can make to improve the quality of education in Indonesia is research, especially educational research. Through research, problems in education can be identified and then solutions can be found. New, more innovative things in education can also be developed and applied from research. There are several types of research that can be carried out, one of which is research and development (R&D). Initially, research and development was applied to the industrial world, and was the spearhead of an industry in producing new products needed by the market. Almost 4% of costs are used for this research, even for certain fields such as computers and pharmaceuticals the cost allocation can exceed 4% (Borg and Gall, 1989). Meanwhile, in the social and educational fields, the role of research and development is still very small, namely less than 1% of overall education costs. This is considered to be one of the main reasons why progress in education lags somewhat behind when compared to other fields. As stated by Borg and Gall (1989), unfortunately, R & D still plays a minor role in education. Less than one percent of education expenditures are for this purpose. This is probably one of the main reasons why progress in education has been logged for behind progress in other fields.

State of Adult Student Re-Entry

Many smaller colleges and universities are experiencing a drop in traditional-age student enrollments. Higher education costs, as evidenced by enormous student loans, a smaller cohort of 18–22-year-olds, and the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, have led to fewer traditional students attending. Smaller institutions tend to have lower endowment funding and rely primarily on tuition revenue. Due to sheer necessity, higher education institutions are interested in recruiting and retaining adult students. On a per capita basis, adult students yield more net revenue than traditional-age students as they do not require all amenities offered to their younger cohort. Colleges find attracting earlier drop-outs cost-effective rather than seeking new adult students. Various factors determine when and where adult student re-entry occurs, including timing, funding, institution reputation, opinion of their network, and intended career outcomes. This qualitative phenomenological study utilized a focus group to explore adult students’ experience returning to complete their diplomas. The research question guiding the study is: What influences adult students to return to complete their bachelor’s degrees at a specific time and institution? Understanding the re-entry phenomenon is pertinent to aid practitioners’ preparation in enrolling and retaining adult learners to benefit the student’s future and institution’s retention rates and fiscal health.

The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Improving the Life Expectancy Index in Iran

Background: The health care sector is a key sector of every country. In the process of economic development, this sector is considered infrastructure since economic development directly affects the productivity of the labor force and, as a result, the increase in production and economic growth. Therefore, the quality of the health care system may be an important factor in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI), accompanied by infrastructure such as labor, education, and research and development costs. As the level of health care increases in a society, the average life expectancy increases as well. Therefore, the life expectancy index (LEI) is an indicator for measuring the progress or backwardness of countries, and thus, it is necessary to examine the factors affecting it.
 Objectives: This study examined the effect of FDI on the LEI in Iran. Methods: The autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) method was applied from 1981 to 2020, given the time series nature of the data and to test the research hypotheses. The method shows a capacity to be applied to I(0) and I(1) data simultaneously. the following regression model estimation was utilized to investigate the effect of FDI on LEI in Iran: HIt = c0 + c1 gross domestic product (GDP)t + c2 FDIt + c3 literacy rate (LR)t + c4 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)t + c5 Urbent + c6 real exchange rate (EXR)t + c7 inflation rate (INF)t + c8 interest rate (IR)t + et.
 Results: The outcomes indicated that FDI has favorable and substantial impacts on the health expenditure variable in Iran over short and extended periods. As a result, it can be anticipated that investing in the health care industry should influence society’s economic advancement. Consequently, FDI becomes a significant macroeconomic factor in health care, acting as an extra investment source. With proper strategies, it holds the potential to serve as a crucial tool for the country’s progress, especially in enhancing the health care sector. The results demonstrated that FDI has constructive and notable effects on enhancing the LEI in Iran, both in the immediate and prolonged durations.
 Conclusions: Generally, the effects of FDI on health care can be described by direct and indirect channels. From the direct channel, FDI may affect health care outputs directly and indirectly, e.g., by providing a wider range of medical supplies and services (such as drugs and medical equipment), the expansion of FDI in the health care sector, and the presence of foreign firms producing medical or health care products that makes the supplies and services available at lower prices and consequently improves health care. From the indirect channel, FDI may influence the health care status of individuals in society indirectly by affecting other variables. Overall, based on the findings, life expectancy is likely to be improved in Iran by attracting more foreign investments in the health care sector.

Applying an Implementation Framework to the Dissemination of a School-Based Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Program.

Since the 1980s, school-based child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention programs have been the prevailing prevention strategy in the United States. Despite demonstrated effectiveness, there is a lack of infrastructure and educational policy ensuring all students receive these programs. A pragmatic application of the RE-AIM implementation framework, this study provides an overview of a multi-county implementation effort of the school-based CSA prevention program, Safe Touches. Implementation efforts across five counties in a Mid-Atlantic state are described at three levels: organizational (school districts), child, and program facilitator. Children's CSA-related knowledge was measured at four time points: pre-workshop, immediately post-workshop, and then 6 and 12 months post-workshop. Facilitators completed an anonymous survey post-implementation. Over the course of one and a half academic years, Safe Touches was implemented in 718 public school districts, reaching in total 14,235 second-grade students. Students' significantly increased knowledge from pre- to post-workshop and gains were maintained at 6 and 12 months (ps <.001). A total of 29 disclosures of maltreatment were made by students to facilitators during or after the workshop. Facilitators generally adopted Safe Touches and attested to the feasibility and benefits of its large-scale implementation as well as the negligible negative impacts for children. When implemented systematically, school-based CSA prevention is able to reach a high number of students, effectively increase CSA-related knowledge, and facilitates disclosures. To maximize the potential public health impact, it is suggested that state funds be allocated to support the implementation of such programs as part of standard education costs.

Understanding college students’ achievement goals toward using open educational resources from the perspective of expectancy–value theory

Evidence that open educational resources (OER) can decrease college students’ educational cost without harm to their course performance on different subjects has been well documented, but student motivation to use OER for learning is underexplored. This study investigated college students’ achievement goals of using OER from the perspective of expectancy–value theory. We recorded the survey responses of 246 college students in an education course at a public university in the southeast of the United States of America for analysis. We established a structural equation model to investigate the relationship between their task value beliefs in using OER and their course achievement goals. The findings show that the students’ perceived usefulness of OER positively predicted their mastery-approach goals but negatively predicted their performance-approach goals. In addition, their self-estimated cost of learning with OER predicted their mastery-avoidance goals. We discuss practical implications for facilitating college students’ motivation toward using OER.

Identifying costs in health professions education: a scoping review protocol

IntroductionProfound changes in the healthcare sector and the growing, global shortage of healthcare workers are driving the demand to update and scale-up health professions education (HPE). At the same time,...

Metode Pembelajaran Pembentukan Karakter dalam Perspektif Teori Perilaku Organiasi

Natural school is an alternatve school regarding the school system with the concept of universe-based education. One of the strategies for building alternative education is to organize a factual and conceptual learning processes, orgenaize education with educational enviromental conditions, organize environment-based learning processes, orgenaize learning that build cognitive, affective and psychomotor abilities, foster creative, and so on. The idea of this natural school was initiated by Lendo Novo based on his concern that the cost of education which is increasingly out of reach for the community. To get to know natural school, the author conducted a mini research into a natural school in the city Sukabumi, namely SD Islam Alam Fathia which is located at Ciberuem Sukabumi City, West Java. This study aims to determine the Character-buliding, learning method inn the perspective of organizational behavior theory at SD Fathia’s natural School. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative methode. Where the researcher tested the validity of the data by triangulation of sources, namely by conducting interviews, observation and documentation. The finding of this study. Researchers found a new concept in learning, namely by learning with nature and making nature a medium for unlimited creativity for children. School such us the Alam Fatihia Islamic Elementary School are school that are indeed being sought by paraents, in order to make their children knowleadgeable and have character based on faith, science and nature.

고등학생 예비부모의 영유아기 자녀교육에 대한 인식

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of parents of prospective high school students on the education of their children in early childhood. The subjects of the study were 245 high school students enrolled in G Metropolitan High School. The research questionnaire consisted of the number of children expected, the gender of the desired child, the reason why the child is needed, the desired form of education for infants and toddlers, the most important points when educating infants and toddlers, the education that should be given the most priority to infants and toddlers, the best way to educate infants and toddlers about basic lifestyle habits and personality, the cost of education for infants and toddlers for one month, the future hope that our child will become the most, and the most influential for infants and toddlers to grow. As a result of the analysis using SPSS 23.0, the respondents showed a tendency to expect two children and want them regardless of gender, and emphasized bonding and a sense of creation and achievement as reasons for needing children. The desired form of education for children in early childhood appeared to be parents, and character education was considered the most important. In addition, personality education and basic lifestyle habits were shown to be the education that should be given the highest priority, and the opinion that it should be carried out naturally at home was emphasized. The monthly cost of children's education was less than 50 to 1 million won, and the children's future hopes were mainly what the children wanted, and the parents' education and upbringing methods had a great influence on the growth of children. This study will be used as an important basic data for the education of infants and toddlers in Korea.

Catalyzing the Impact of High Cost of Living on Demand and Supply of Textile Industry A Prospective of Emerging Economy

The high cost of living is unrestful for all economic agents. The shocks in the cost of living badly affect emerging economies like Pakistan. This study provides a novel analysis of the impact of “different types of living costs” on the demand and supply of the textile industry of Pakistan. It used the Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) model to analyze the impact of the shocks in cost of living on textile industry demand and supply using monthly data from July 2008 to June 2020. The study's findings suggest that rising energy, housing, clothing, and footwear cost weaken demand for the textile sector, mostly through lower purchasing power. While education costs diminish supply, food costs raise producer price index, and transportation costs have no effect. Our findings contribute to the body of knowledge and give vital information on which types of living costs affect the textile sector and which might lead to improvement. The study's findings aid in the establishment of strategies for the textile industry's long-term viability and development. Furthermore, the study provides a novel insight that not all sorts of costs are detrimental to the textile industry.

초등학교 방과후 학교의 수업 프로그램을 활용한 주산교육에 관하여

In this study, in order to examine the importance of abacus education using the abacus, the history and flow of the abacus and the Chinese knowledge and use of abacus were recognized as intangible cultural heritage of humanity by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) through a literature review. It was intended to provide an opportunity to re-aware of the current meaning of abacus learning, which is receiving attention again through after-school class programs in Korea. Abacus education, which was evaluated as ‘oriental wisdom’, gradually fell out of favor with the development of computers, but its value and usefulness are still recognized in the ‘After-School Programs in Elementary Schools’, which began to be operated separately from the regular curriculum. The continued participation of students is evaluated as a positive phenomenon. The main purpose of operating after-school is the educational system of‘complementing and expanding school educational functions’. It can be seen that it has unlimited development potential to resolve the ‘education gap’ by ‘supplementing and expanding the regular curriculum,’ such as the purpose of reducing parents ‘private education costs and meeting care needs, and to develop the concept, specialty, and aptitude of care classes. It is hoped that such after-school education programs will provide effective satisfaction so that elementary school students can develop basic computational skills such as numbers and calculations with familiarity with numbers.

Pedagogy and Technical Implication of Blended Learning in Obafemi Awolowo University Centre for Distance Learning, Nigeria

The study examines pedagogy and technical implication of blended learning in Obafemi Awolowo University Centre for Distance Learning. The research design method used for this study was survey research methods. The population of the study comprises of Two hundred and fifty (250) registered nursing students for 2021/2022 academic session at Obafemi Awolowo University Centre for Distance Learning programmes. The sample size of One hundred and fifty-two (152) respondents was selected through the Krejcie and Morgan sampling techniques to select the sample size from the population. The returned rate of the instrument used to elicit the data from the respondents was 142(93.42%). The instrument used to collect data was questionnaire. This questionnaire was designed on a scale of 4 points Likert. The validity of the instrument was done and the reliability of the instrument was tested through the use of Cronbach Alpha reliability tools to determine the internal consistency of the instrument. The instrument revealed a coefficient of 0.702 which is acceptable. The method of data analysis used was analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistics to test the research hypotheses. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. The findings revealed learners technology skill (N = 142; F = 3.543; P = 0.016 @ 0.05).Teaching flexibility (N = 142; F = 0.908; P = 0.439 @ 0.05). Learner self-efficacy (N = 142; F = 0.277; P = 0.842 @ 0.05). Personal commitment (N = 142; F = 2.220; P = 0.089 @ 0.05) are positively significant with the technical implication of blended learning. Hypothesis one was rejected while other hypotheses were sustained. The implication was that learners portrayed certain IT skills which ease their understanding of blended learning. The study therefore recommended that the tertiary institution stakeholders should fund blended learning for both teachers and students. Also, build a supportive technological environment and creating a technical hub for students will lower education costs and promote academic advancement. Keywords: Pedagogy, Technical Implication, Blended Learning and Distance Learning.

고등학생의 사교육 비용 및 시간에 대한 코호트 간 비교 분석

This study analyzed changes in private education costs and time of high school students in the 2013 cohort, who experienced a school closure event, with those of the 2005 cohort using data from the 5th (2009) and 6th (2010) waves of the Korea Educational Longitudinal Study (KELS) and the 7th (2019) and 8th (2020) waves of the KELS 2013 cohort. Considering that the private education pattern may differ depending on students' educational conditions, additional analysis was conducted on discriminatory effects based on household income and regional size.&#x0D; The analysis revealed that the school closure event had a positive effect on both private education expenditure and time. Specifically, it increased the average monthly private education expenditure of students in general high schools by approximately KRW 88,000 and the average weekly private education time by about 2 hours and 15 minutes. Furthermore, this effect was consistent across all subgroups classified by income level and regional size. Based on the results, policy recommendations were made to improve existing policies to reduce private education expenses and alleviate the burden on vulnerable groups, as well as to provide practical support to supplement learning deficits.

Work, Costs and the Unexpected in the academic’s creation and use of Games and Simulations in Teaching and Learning

Experiential teaching and learning activities such as games and simulations are increasingly popular in management education. The research has evolved specific clusters of concerns, principally; correlates of performance, the effectiveness in management courses, and what they can possibly teach. However, O’Flynn (2021) states that “the teaching viewpoint has been widely neglected.” In management education research, costs, human or financial, of games or simulations, specifically towards the creator, the academic do not seem to be considered. Recent systematic reviews show the literature prioritising the effects of experiential learning, games or simulations and ‘future research’ guidance calling for more of the same. This leads to a simple research question “What are the actions, unexpected events, costs and risks in using experiential teaching and learning techniques, from the lived experience of academics?” This paper uses data from a British Academy of Management/Management Knowledge &amp; Learning Division-funded project into the lived experience of management academics creating and using games and simulations. It presents an analysis of three cases that exemplify the categorisations created by this research to uncover costs, risks and emergent events that are generally unreported by the serious games and simulation literature.