Accommodation Costs Research Articles

ANALISIS KEPUASAN WISATAWAN TERHADAP PANTAI BAHARI JAWAI DI KABUPATEN SAMBAS

Marine ecotourism is the potential of an area to improve the welfare of coastal communities. The Jawai Marine Tourism Beach, located in Sambas Regency, is a tourist location developed from self-help at the start of the pandemic of COVID-19. In its development, the management of this area is still making continuous improvements in marine tourism services in fulfilling the wishes and needs of visitors. This research aims to determine the level of visitor satisfaction based on the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and the attribute importance level based on the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). This research has conducted from March-July 2021 at The Bahari Coast of Jawai Sambas Regency. Research methods are quantitative research methods. The research method is a quantitative research method with accidental sampling techniques. Data was obtained by distributing 220 questionnaires to visitors. The results showed that the CSI data was 69.21%, which means that the manager's performance has not met the needs and desires of visitors. Based on the results of data processing that has been carried out with IPA, several attributes must be improved and improved. The attributes which need to be improved to upgrade the service quality of the Jawai Marine Tourism Park are 1). Accommodation costs such as toilet, parking, and entrance fees; 2). Prices of food, drinks, and souvenirs. All stakeholders are expected to contribute to the development of marine ecotourism in the form of ideas, ideas, energy, thoughts, and financial assistance.

Students Report of ACM Multimedia System 2021

The 12th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference (MMSys'21) happened from September 28th through October 1st, 2021. The MMSys conference is an important forum for researchers in multimedia systems. But, due to the ongoing pandemic, the event was held in a hybrid mode - onsite in Istanbul, Turkey, and online. Organizers and chairs (Özgü Alay, Cheng-Hsin Hsu, and Ali C. Begen) worked very hard to make sure the conference was successful, both for the on-site participants (around 50) and the online participants (with a peak of 330 concurrent viewers). For a small description of the event, take a look at the text written by Ali Begen, one of the general chairs. To encourage student authors to participate on-site, SIGMM has sponsored a group of students with Student Travel Grant Awards. Students who wanted to apply for this travel grant needed to submit an online form before the submission deadline. Then, the selection committee chose 7 travel grant winners. The selected students received either 1,000 or 2,000 USD to cover their airline tickets as well accommodation costs for this event. We asked the travel grant winners to share their unique experiences attending MMSys'21. The following are their comments.

Placement Factors that Influence the Well-Being of Social Work Interns Participating in a Graduate Internship Programme

This study is interested in the well-being of graduate social work interns who participated in the 12-month graduate internship programme initiated by the Department of Social Development for social work bursary holders as part of a retention strategy in South Africa. The article centres on the way in which the well-being of these social work interns was influenced by external and internal factors. The research was done by means of a qualitative descriptive design. Purposive sampling was used to select 22 participants with whom semi-structured interviews were conducted. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings indicated that the well-being of the social work interns was influenced by the workplace and at economic, emotional and psychological levels. Shortcomings in the workplace and a lack of resources influenced these interns’ well-being at their workplace. Financial obligations and expenses had an impact on their economic well-being and caused stress. This financial stress was caused by unplanned expenditure and the costs of transport, accommodation and food. The interns’ emotional and psychological well-being was influenced by their placements, their ability to adapt to new circumstances, and collegial relations. Mental health issues were experienced, which influenced their productivity. The findings of the project engender the recommendations that interns be more involved in their placements and provided with accommodation and appropriate workplaces. It is essential to orient new intakes and to increase their stipend.

Balancing conflicts of interest during cardiology training: why does industry buy your lunch?

Pharmaceutical and device manufacturers—often referred to as ‘Industry’—play an important role in bringing new therapies into clinical practice. Once marketed, Industry frequently cultivates relationships with physicians they believe will influence...

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE ACTIVITY OF TOURIST SERVICE SPHERE ENTERPRISES

The main purpose of the article is a comprehensive study of issues related to the analysis of the main components and the development of measures to ensure the economic efficiency of enterprises in the field of tourist services in modern conditions.
 Systematization of literature sources and approaches to solving the problem showed that the service of tourists during the trip involves various companies and organizations in the field of service. The object of the study are selected enterprises in the field of tourist services. The study period is 2015-2019.
 The study of the economic efficiency of service enterprises showed that in recent years there has been an increase in the number of tourists who were served by tour operators and travel agents in Ukraine 2.6 times, of which inbound tourists ‒ 5.5 times, outbound tourists ‒ 2.9 , and domestic tourists ‒ 1.3 times. The cost of sold tourist vouchers also increased (3.5 times).
 The study empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the main executor that ensures the implementation of the stages of accommodation and service in the hotel guest cycle, is the accommodation sector. Its representatives are also involved in the organization of leisure tourists. The number of persons in collective accommodation facilities increased 1.2 times in 2015-2019.
 Meeting the needs and demand for tourism implies the need to provide a large number of tourist services. Significant growth in terms of all costs incurred by tourism entities for the services of third-party organizations used in the production of tourism products. In the structure of the studied costs, the largest share is occupied by accommodation and accommodation costs ‒ 25.7%, transport services ‒ 26.9%.
 Thus, the analysis of economic efficiency of enterprises in the field of tourist services is of practical importance. According to its results, you can not only assess the efficiency of the enterprise, analyze the total effect of its structural units and activities, but also identify promising areas of development of the industry and the results of the resourses use.
 The analysis indicates a gradual increase in most of the studied indicators that characterize the work of enterprises in the field of tourist services. In the future, to successfully overcome the crisis, it is necessary to develop integration forms of enterprises in the hospitality industry and tourist services

Undergraduate Student’s Perspectives on E-learning during COVID-19 Outbreak in Sri Lankan Universities

As education moves e-learning all over the world due to COIVD-19 pandemic, students spend more time on e-learning than ever before. This is also equally applied to the Sri Lankan education system. Thus this study examines the undergraduate students’ perspectives on e-learning during the COVID-19 outbreak in universities in Sri Lanka. Primary data was obtained from undergraduate students in Sri Lankan university using a structured questionnaire via Google form. The perspectives on e-learning education during the COVID-19 pandemic was investigated using descriptive statistics and frequency analysis. The majority of the undergraduate students felt that the e-learning version of education saved travel time and cost of accommodation. Furthermore, the study revealed that the majority of students were happy with the e-learning form of education during the pandemic since it allowed them to finish their degrees faster and access the labor market without a delay. The biggest challenges with e-learning, according to the student responses, were internet access, device availability, visionary issues, technical issues, and stress. As a result of this COVID -19 pandemic, if higher education officials in Sri Lankan universities want to keep e-learning education on going, they must focus on offering cost-effective, high-speed data connections while minimizing technological hurdles. At the same time, it is important to update and revise the curriculum content according to this new mode of education since this is a completely new situation for all. There is relatively little research on students’ perspectives on e-learning education during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Sri Lankan context and it will provide some important highlights to the researchers, parent and academics as well.

Actuality of modern remote rehabilitation (literature review)

Remote rehabilitation is an innovative approach that allows patients to receive medical support and rehabilitation services in a convenient and safe way in their own home or remotely from a medical facility. Remote rehabilitation can be used for a wide range of medical conditions and problems, including physical therapy, rehabilitation after injuries or surgeries, pain management, rehabilitation after stroke, Parkinson's disease and other neurological diseases, pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as psychological support and counseling. This approach may include the use of video communication, monitoring of physiological parameters, mobile applications, and sensors to measure progress and monitor the patient. Remote rehabilitation is especially useful in situations where it is difficult or impossible for patients to physically visit a medical facility, for example, due to physical activity limitations, remote geographical locations, or epidemiological circumstances. Remote rehabilitation has both positive and negative aspects. Positive aspects: accessibility – allows patients to get the help they need regardless of location; convenience – to receive rehabilitation services at a time and place convenient for them; cost – can be more cost-effective, as it reduces travel and accommodation costs for patients. Negative aspects: lack of direct contact; limited capabilities – some types of therapy that require guidance or correction from a specialist may be less effective in a remote format; technological problems. It is important to consider these positive and negative aspects of remote rehabilitation when deciding whether to use it. The specific circumstances and needs of the patient may affect the effectiveness of this approach to rehabilitation. Remote rehabilitation is a promising area in medicine, as it allows for increased accessibility and convenience of rehabilitation services for patients. It can also help reduce the burden on healthcare facilities and reduce the cost of organizing rehabilitation programs. Keywords: rehabilitation technologies, rehabilitation services, mobile technologies, positive and negative aspects.

Impact Of Application Zoning System Edication In The Process Admitting New Students In Makassar City

This study aims to determine the impact of the implementation of the zoning system on the admission of new students in the city of Makassar, as well as to determine the government's efforts to overcome the impacts that occur due to the application of the zoning system. This research is included in descriptive qualitative with the subject of public schools in the city of Makassar. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interviews, literature review and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the application of the zoning system provides equal opportunities for prospective students, time effectiveness and affordable accommodation costs for students and views all schools with the same quality. The application of zoning benefits to prospective students close to public schools is different for prospective students who are far from schools, lack of facilities causes the application to be less effective, and achievement is no longer a major consideration for prospective students, government efforts in implementing zoning systems such as providing recommendations for prospective students who are far from the school to register at another school close by, try to reduce the zoning quota that is too high for prospective students close to the school, distribute facilities for the continuity of the zoning system well in the future.

The rural tax: comprehensive out-of-pocket costs associated with patient travel in British Columbia

BackgroundA significant concern for rural patients is the cost of travel outside of their community for specialist and diagnostic care. Often, these costs are transferred to patients and their families, who also experience stress associated with traveling for care. We sought to examine the rural patient experience by (1) estimating and categorizing the various out of pocket costs associated with traveling for healthcare and (2) describing and measuring patient stress and other experiences associated with traveling to seek care, specifically in relation to household income.MethodsWe have designed and administered an online, retrospective, cross-sectional survey seeking to estimate the out-of-pocket (OOP) costs and personal experiences of rural patients associated with traveling to access health care in British Columbia. Respondents were surveyed across five categories: Distance Traveled and Transportation Costs, Accommodation Costs, Co-Traveler Costs, Lost Wages, and Patient Stress. Bivariate relationships between respondent household income and other numerical findings were investigated using one-way ANOVA.ResultsOn average, costs for respondents were $856 and $674 for transport and accommodation, respectively. Strong relationships were found to exist between the distance traveled and total transport costs, as well as between a patient’s stress and their household income. Patient perspectives obtained from this survey expressed several related issues, including the physical and psychosocial impacts of travel as well as delayed or diminished care seeking.ConclusionsThese key findings highlight the existing inequities between rural and urban patient access to health care and how these inequities are exacerbated by a patient’s overall travel-distance and financial status. This study can directly inform policy related efforts towards mitigating the rural-urban gap in access to health care.

Organizational and economic mechanism of recreational tourism development in the context of European integration

The mechanisms of state regulation of the development of tourism and resorts in the Strategy for 2026 are analyzed. It is determined that the introduction and improvement of European culture in Ukraine will be ensured by European integration of norms and standards in tourism and education. Activation of the recreational potential of tourist activity should be carried out with the rational use of recreational resources, improving the provision of tourist services (improving the quality of services provided in hotels, transport infrastructure, the latest material and technical base). It is determined that tourism has become a promising industry in international business, which has different areas of development, the resort industry, financial opportunities and tools, communication system, all these components are the key to the development of other sectors of the economy, creating new jobs related to the employment of the working population. Also, the main reasons for restraining the development of recreational tourism in Ukraine include low level of development of transport infrastructure, tourist infrastructure, insufficient capacity, high cost of accommodation and meals in hotel complexes, unfavorable conditions for business, low quality of tourist services, insufficient quantity qualified personnel. It is established that European integration in the field of recreational tourism determines the relationship between enterprises or legal entities that provide tourism services, as well as provides long-term nature to integrated enterprises, which simplifies innovation, reduces tourism costs, limits competition and reduces risks of uncertainty in sales and providing tourist services. It is proved that tourism is one of the main priorities of the state economy, which, in turn, implements an effective mechanism for tourism development, which includes components for the successful conduct of this business in Ukraine. The proposed components of the organizational and economic mechanism, namely: regulatory, organizational and managerial, financial and economic and information and analytical, will be able to ensure the sustainable development of recreational tourism in the future and give it a longterm character.

Mechanical thrombectomy is efficacious in patients with pre-stroke moderate disability.

Patients with ischaemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) can be treated successfully with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) and/or intravenous thrombolysis. In the landmark trials, MT was only performed for those with no functional disability prior to stroke (mRS 0-2). There are limited data available regarding clinical outcomes for patients with pre-stroke moderate disability (mRS ≥ 3). The aims of this study were to analyse the clinical outcomes and financial implications in regard to accommodation costs of performing MT in patients with pre-stroke mRS = 3. An observational cohort study was performed of 802 patients with anterior circulation LVO ischaemic stroke who underwent MT between October 2016 and January 2020 at three tertiary hospitals. Patient demographics, premorbid mRS, stroke and interventional data, 90-day mRS and accommodation situation were recorded. Eighty-two patients with anterior circulation LVO ischaemic stroke were pre-stroke mRS 3. 38% had a good clinical outcome, as defined by mRS 3 at 90 days. Mortality rate was 38%. The majority of patients presented from home (83%) and greater than one third of those returned home during the 90 days post treatment. 81% of patients had no increase in accommodation cost at 90 days. Patients with pre-stroke moderate disability may benefit from MT if they are appropriately selected. This may result in fewer patients requiring nursing home placement and less financial burden on the public health system, indicating significant savings are possible.

Impact of care level, setting and accommodation costs on a newly developed oral care nursing plan format for elderly patients with care needs - Results from a cross-sectional study.

A new oral care nursing plan format for improved communication among dentists, nursing staff and caregivers has been developed in Germany. We aimed to (1) describe this plan, (2) investigate the prevalence of oral health problems among elderly patients with care needs documented by the plan, outline the recommendations in the plans and (3) investigate whether the accommodation costs or care needs of patients influenced oral care quality or the need for oral hygiene support documented within the plan. In this cross-sectional trial, oral care nursing plans were collected from outpatient and inpatient care clinics. Items on the oral care nursing plan were divided into three areas (oral health, oral hygiene needs, and coordination needs and dental therapy) and were correlated with the care level and accommodation costs. Oral care nursing plans were collected from seven dentists (N=747; 94.5% from inpatient and 5.5% from outpatient care). The plans enabled documentation of well-known oral health and hygiene problems among elderly patients. In their current form, the plans provided recommendations for obvious oral hygiene tasks such as toothbrushing or fluoridating, rather than specialized tasks such as nutritional advice or dry mouth asymptomatic therapeutic approaches. Although accommodation costs were associated with the need for oral hygiene support (not with oral care condition), the care level influenced both measures. The oral care nursing plan can facilitate documentation of oral health and hygiene among elderly individuals with care needs. Further clarification of the plan would help promote careful documentation by dentists.

Isolation Room: Michael Parekowhai’s The Lighthouse: Tū Whenua-a Kura

On Wednesday, March 25 at 11.59 pm, 2020, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern placed Aotearoa (New Zealand) into lockdown to shelter citizens from the catastrophic impacts of the Covid-19 global pandemic. Entire households were placed in isolation, permitted only to travel locally to access food or medical supplies. The media messaging was resoundingly clear: stay at home. This contemporary context contributes to an analysis of sculptor Michael Parekowhai’s The Lighthouse: Tū Whenua-a-Kura (2017), a full-scale model of a State House building typology. State Houses have been lauded as symbols of Aotearoa’s ongoing commitment to the principles of egalitarianism. First produced in the 1930s under the leadership of Michael Joseph Savage’s Labour government, they were intended to house those unable to afford their own homes. However, in recent years this form of social housing and, in particular, those who have access to it have been the subject of vociferous political debate. A current housing shortage has exacerbated matters as exponential increases in accommodation costs have coincided with increases in homeless numbers in the city. These developments make Parekowhai's public sculpture particularly timely. Sited at the terminus of Queens Wharf on the Waitematā Harbour in Tāmaki Makaurau (Auckland), the sculpture contains a single room and a single man: the eighteenth-century English explorer Captain James Cook. He is larger than life-size and adopts a penitent deportment. Cook's heroic legacy has been questioned by revisionist historians and Māori scholars who have identified a plethora of negative impacts colonization had and continues to have on indigenous communities. Cook is now under house arrest, quarantined in a prototypical State House, appearing to reflect on his actions. This paper examines how the artist assiduously reinvents this housing typology as a beacon on a prime piece of real estate. The familiarity of the exterior form is belied by the sculpture's provocative interior contents, where the artist manipulates an elaborate suite of figurative and abstract forms rendered in an array of dazzling surface treatments to shed light, both literally and metaphorically on troubling aspects of our colonial history and access to the provision of land and housing in Aotearoa. Here, at the end of the wharf, we lose our footing; we have to consider where we stand in relation to our colonial past and our contemporary relationship to whenua (land). As calamitous events unfold on the global stage that make us all turn toward our domestic interiors, the conceptual ideas that underpin The Lighthouse: Tū Whenua-a-Kura make one consider what it means to stay at home now in Aotearoa.

PIH10 Cost Comparison between Leuprolide 3-Month Formulation and Other Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists As Therapy for Children with Central Precocious Puberty in China

To compare the treatment costs of three gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa), leuprolide 11.25 mg 3-month (3M) depot, leuprolide 3.75 mg 1-month (1M) depot and triptorelin 3.75mg 1-month (1M) depot, as therapy for central precocious puberty (CPP) children in China. A 4-year cost-minimization model was developed from the societal perspective. Direct medical costs (drug costs, registration fees, injection fees and examination fees), direct non-medical cost (transportation and accommodation cost) and indirect costs (loss of salary for parents or other families) were analyzed. The main data sources were published literatures and physician survey. One-way sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the uncertainty and result robustness. Compared to patients with leuprolide-1M and triptorelin-1M, those with leuprolide-3M was associated with 29.6 fewer injections and related hospital visits over 4 years per patient. Patients with leuprolide-3M saved a total cost of ¥17103.91 compared to patients with leuprolide-1M, including the savings of ¥380.09 (2.2%) in direct medical cost, ¥10684.96 (62.5%) in direct non-medical cost, and ¥6038.87 (35.3%) in indirect cost. Additionally, patients with leuprolide-3M saved a total cost of ¥14533.13 compared to patients with triptorelin-1M, including an incremental direct medical cost of ¥2190.69, a savings of ¥10684.96 in direct non-medical cost, and a savings of ¥6038.87 in indirect cost. The key driver of sensitivity analyses is the unit cost of leuprolide-3M. Using leuprolide-3M is a cost-saving strategy compared to leuprolide-1M and triptorelin-1M from the societal perspective in China. Besides the difference in direct treatment costs, less injection frequency of leuprolide-3M also reduces injection-related direct non-medical and indirect costs.

Studying the intentions of hotel guests to engage in green programs in Egyptian hotels

Many factors are currently pushing the hospitality sector to be more environmentally friendly. Moreover, hotel management is increasingly aware of its environmental impact, and it is gradually taking positive steps and green initiatives such as conserving water, energy-saving and solid waste reduction." Many hotels have already applied for some green plans. Besides, customers began to prefer green rather than regular hotels during their stay. This research aims to determine what influences the intention of hotel guests to participate in green activities. Results have also shown that green hotel policies and practices are well accepted by tourists, such as energy-saving light bulbs in guest rooms, recycling bins in rooms and lobbies, as well as green certifications. Many guests agreed to the green initiatives proposed in the study. They preferred to stay and participate in green-based practices and programs in hotels unless this could increase accommodation costs. The result also provides hoteliers with how these attributes can attract holidaymakers who care about the environment. These programs require to be monitored continuously with the growth in the greening of hotels. Finally, hotel establishments must pay attention and start implementing some of these green initiatives because they are inexpensive and help protect our environment.

Virtual Exchange to Develop Cultural, Language, and Digital Competencies

Many researchers have underlined the benefits of student mobility in strengthening their communication skills. Studying a foreign language and fostering knowledge about behavioural attitudes are the most common research cases. One of the major issues of mobility, by its very nature, is that it implies significant travel and accommodation costs. Virtual mobility, or Virtual Exchange (VE), can be introduced as a proactive alternative solution. This work presents an evaluation of a telecollaborative online course model organised as a VE between German and Moroccan universities. It was established to explore the benefits of integrating a VE experience by practicing some 21st-century knowledge elements as tools for the development of intercultural, language, and digital competencies from the perspective of mobility. In this paper, we present a VE model and its design, structure, and progress. Then, we evaluate this first experience to overcome some challenges that similar future experiences could face. We analyse the tools proposed in this design, the interactions between the different actors, and their feedback. The evaluative study shows the acquisition of awareness of cultural differences and the improvement of language skills through practice in addition to the development of some digital skills.

Artırılmış Gerçeklik (AR) Destekli Akıllı Gözlükler: Uzak İki Üretim Tesisi Arasında Uzaktan Destek Durum Çalışması

Rapid developments in technology enable us to reach smart glasses and AR technology with a wide range of products and competitive prices. Hence, increase in smart glasses industrial use give an opportunity to whom work distant such as making it possible to see from each other's eyes, which increases the operational efficiency of the companies; since it is costly to make experienced staff traveled to another plant in aspects of travel cost, accommodation cost and the lack of the experienced person in his/her the main responsibility area in factories with different experiences in remote locations. This study is conducted about the application of smart glasses on one of the biggest tire manufacturing company since 2018. End to end journey of the smart glasses' remote support applications, starting with how the devices are selected and ending with an evaluation of advantages/disadvantages of the smart glasses' technology, is explained in this paper. Moreover, the study covers details and observations of staff training, new product development, and inspections, first-run test on machinery, maintenance, and audits.

Direct Medical Cost Analysis Of Ceftriaxone Vs Levofloxacine Therapy For Community Acquired Pneumonia Patient at The X Government Hospital NTB

Pneumonia is a respiratory tract infection with the highest number of cases in Government Hospital X in NTB in 2018. The worst impact of pneumonia are death and high cost of health services risk. So management of costs is needed for effectively and efficiently. The therapeutic choice for community acquired pneumonia (CAP) used in X Hospital is ceftriaxone and levofloxacin which have a high price difference. This study aims to calculate the average direct medical costs in hospitalized CAP patients who use ceftriaxone and levofloxacin therapy at Government Hospital X in NTB in 2018.
 This research type is quantitative analysis using secondary data that compares the average direct medical costs of two alternative treatments for CAP with the BPJS Kesehatan perspective. The cost component are cost of medicine, care, doctor, emergency room, accommodation, and laboratory. The number of samples was 65 patients.
 The results showed: (1) The average direct medical costs using ceftriaxone was Rp.3.034.965, while levofloxacin was Rp.1.594.053; (2) There is significant difference in the average direct medical cost of Rp.1.440.912 perpatient; (3) Levofloxacin provide the lowest rupiah than ceftriaxone in community acquired pneumonia patients.

PENGGANTIAN BIAYA KEPADA SAKSI ATAU AHLI DALAM RANGKA MEMBERIKAN KETERANGAN DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA (Studi Penelitian di Wilayah Hukum Pengadilan Negeri Takengon)

Summons of witnesses at each level of criminal case examination has consequences for the cost of attending the summons. So far, the provisions regarding the cost of summoning witnaesses and experts have been regulated in Article 229 of the Criminal Procedure Code and Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims and Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning Procedures for Protection of Witnesses and Victims in Human rights violations, however, in reality the fees that have been regulated in the law are not fully provided to all witnesses and even if there are costs they are not up to standard and not optimal. These costs include accommodation costs, consumption costs, transportation costs and costs of reimbursing lost income due to having to attend calls. The purpose of this research is to find out and explain the compensation mechanism to witnesses or experts in order to differentiate information in the criminal justice system in the jurisdiction of the Takengon District Court and what are the obstacles in reimbursing costs to witnesses or experts in order to provide information in the criminal justice system in the region. the law of the Takengon District Court. This type of research is juridical empirical, that is, approaching the problem through legal research by looking at the prevailing legal norms and relating them to the facts that exist in society in connection with the problems encountered in the research.

PENGGANTIAN BIAYA KEPADA SAKSI ATAU AHLI DALAM RANGKA MEMBERIKAN KETERANGAN DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA (Studi Penelitian di Wilayah Hukum Pengadilan Negeri Takengon)

Summons of witnesses at each level of criminal case examination has consequences for the cost of attending the summons. So far, the provisions regarding the cost of summoning witnaesses and experts have been regulated in Article 229 of the Criminal Procedure Code and Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims and Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning Procedures for Protection of Witnesses and Victims in Human rights violations, however, in reality the fees that have been regulated in the law are not fully provided to all witnesses and even if there are costs they are not up to standard and not optimal. These costs include accommodation costs, consumption costs, transportation costs and costs of reimbursing lost income due to having to attend calls. The purpose of this research is to find out and explain the compensation mechanism to witnesses or experts in order to differentiate information in the criminal justice system in the jurisdiction of the Takengon District Court and what are the obstacles in reimbursing costs to witnesses or experts in order to provide information in the criminal justice system in the region. the law of the Takengon District Court. This type of research is juridical empirical, that is, approaching the problem through legal research by looking at the prevailing legal norms and relating them to the facts that exist in society in connection with the problems encountered in the research.