In today’s society, engineering cost management and control is very important content. With the increasing number and scale of construction projects in China and huge investment funds, the collection and sorting of all kinds of information data in construction projects has become one of the problems that need to be solved. Therefore, building the construction project cost management and control system is one of the powerful means to improve the work efficiency of processing information and data, which is also very necessary. This paper mainly analyzes the construction of a perfect, efficient, and rapid processing of relevant information workflow based on large database technology to achieve the whole process of project tracking management and effective cost management and control target system. First of all, this paper introduces the construction project cost management, expounds the characteristics of the management system, and studies the application of big data in the construction project. On this basis, the construction project management software is designed and developed. At the same time, the requirements of the system are studied, and the system is tested. The final test results show that the system has a fast processing time and high processing efficiency in processing the above data, which indicates that the construction project cost management and control system based on big data has obvious advantages in processing large-scale data. When the amount of data is small, the processing speed increases exponentially with the increase of nodes. When the amount of data is large, the acceleration ratio is positively correlated with the number of nodes in a certain proportion. With the increase of nodes, the ratio almost remains unchanged, indicating that the system has high operation efficiency and is relatively stable with the increase of nodes.