Cost Of Money Research Articles

INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

The article offers conceptual foundations for formalizing the process of assessing a level of human capital (HC) management at the enterprise using mathematical and computer modeling based on neural network technologies. The methodological approach for assessing the level of human capital management has been improved. This allows the use of neural network tools to identify accurately and reasonably the level of HC management with the help of self-learning multilayer perceptron. The weight coefficients of such a network were calculated. An appropriate artificial neural network – a multilayer perceptron – was built using the mathematical software MatLab and it was successfully diagnosed. The improved mathematical model for assessing the level of HC management at the enterprise makes it possible to display transparently a set of input parameters on a set of output solutions, to decompose such a process, and to simplify the procedure of its formalization. The designed neural network allows us to determine quickly and accurately the level of HC management at the enterprise. The conceptual approach proposed by the authors has several significant advantages over existing alternative methods: accuracy of assessment; taking into account a wide range of various evaluation parameters of impact; high speed of making decisions and self-learning ability. The proposed approach was successfully implemented to assess the level of HC management at 24 domestic enterprises. The information system "HC" developed by the authors allows to calculate the estimated parameters of the evaluation process; to determine the level of HC management based on the mathematical apparatus of the multilayer perceptron. Such estimates correlate with the estimates obtained by the experts of these enterprises which indicates the adequacy of the approach proposed by the authors. Therefore, the proposed information system for assessing the level of management of the HC allows accurate implementation of such a process with minimal time and money costs.

Crowdfunding care in Kenya

ABSTRACT Crowdfunding to support personal and medical needs has risen in popularity in recent years. Many sociologists are critical of needy individuals’ turn to online fundraising, seeing it as a response to deficits in health care and social protection, and arguing that it may widen social inequalities. Most of these studies have taken place in the United States, China, and Great Britain. This paper explores crowdfunding in sub-Saharan Africa, offering us an opportunity to rethink the context and value of crowdfunding and its relationship to family and friend networks, philanthropy, and charity. It also examines how online crowdfunding relates to cultural ideas about dependency and care. Based on my ethnographic fieldwork at the Nairobi crowdfunding platform M-Changa conducted from 2016 to 2021, I describe how social entrepreneurs, women, and NGO representatives raise money for philanthropic initiatives, medical and education costs, family rituals, and COVID-19 relief. The paper reveals the diverse financial relationships, identities and goals emerging on the platform. Reflecting on this diversity of caring finance, this paper then explores the ambiguous commercial, social, and political potentials of crowdfunding as peer-based digital finance in the Global South.

A compressible high-sensitivity flexible sensor array for real-time motion artifact detection in magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) serves as a critical tool in modern medical diagnosis, and its accuracy is directly linked to patient treatment and recovery. However, unintentional patient movement during MRI scans often results in motion artifacts on the images, significantly compromising the precision of diagnosis. Traditional solutions typically involve identifying and addressing these issues after the scanning sequence is completed, leading to significant resource waste and delays in patient treatment. Here, we propose a flexible tactile sensor array system based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for real-time monitoring of head motion artifacts in MRI. The unique design of the tactile sensor structure, operating in a dual-electrode mode, maintains high sensitivity and a wide response range, even with a minimal surface area. The advantage of TENG is the wide range of material choices, ensuring that a proper selection will not interfere with MRI during application. By integrating TENG sensor technology and control program systems, this solution provides a novel approach for monitoring head motion artifacts in MRI. On the basis of ensuring patient comfort, it has saved the time and money costs of monitoring, improved the efficiency of detection, and demonstrated significant potential in the field of medical imaging.

FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM AT IPB UNIVERSITY, INDONESIA

More than half of the waste produced at IPB University is organic waste and is routinely generated every day. The waste could have economic value if it has proper management. On the other hand, waste management costs money for investment and operation. Therefore, a proper project plan is needed so the management can generate profits. This research aims to (1) estimate the potential of organic waste from IPB University that can be used optimally to produce economic value and (2) analyze the economic feasibility of organic waste at IPB University. The result of this research shows that the number of potential organic waste from IPB University that can give economic value is 506,496 kg each year. Economic value and feasibility were analyzed using three criteria, which are Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C). In economic analysis with a project life cycle of 20 years, the organic waste management obtained an NPV value of 915,056,415 rupiahs, 1.29 for Net B/C, and 10.35% for IRR. In financial analysis with a project life cycle of 20 years, the organic waste management obtained NPV value by -695,114,013 rupiahs, 0.78 for Net B/C, and 0.12%for IRR. Based on the description above, it can be concluded that the project IPB campus organic waste management is economically feasible but not feasible financially.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF MONOLITHIC MULTI-MODULE PROJECTS IN JAVA

In recent years, there has been an increase in the complexity of Java software development and a change in the scope of projects, including an increase in the number of modules in projects. The multi-modularity of projects, although it improves manageability to a certain extent, but often creates a number of problems that can complicate development and, a problem that will appear in the future, require more resources to support. This article will analyze the main problems of monolithic multi-module Java projects and will try to consider a number of possible solutions to overcome the above problems. The article discusses the peculiarities of working with multi-module monolithic projects using Java as the main programming language. The purpose of this article is to identify features and obstacles using the above architectural approach of the software, analysis of the main possible issues of working with the monolithic multi-module Java projects, as well as providing recommendations for eliminating these obstacles or describing the features of the process that could help engineers in supporting this kind of projects. In other word the main goal of this work is to create recommendations, provide modern best practices for working with monolithic multi-modular software architecture and the most popular modern technological solutions used in corporate development. The proposed recommendations allow the team, primarily developers and the engineering side, to avoid possible obstacles that lead to the loss of efficiency of the monolithic software development process. The most important advantage, from the recommendations given in the article, is the optimization of resource costs (time, money and labor) for the development process. As a result of the article, a general list of recommendations was obtained, which allows the developer to better analyze what changes in the project should (if necessary) be made to optimize the development, assembly and deployment processes of a monolithic Java project, as well as advice before designing new software to avoid the main obstacles of monolithic architecture in the future.

Flexible cost-penalized Bayesian model selection: Developing inclusion paths with an application to diagnosis of heart disease.

We propose a Bayesian model selection approach that allows medical practitioners to select among predictor variables while taking their respective costs into account. Medical procedures almost always incur costs in time and/or money. These costs might exceed their usefulness for modeling the outcome of interest. We develop Bayesian model selection that uses flexible model priors to penalize costly predictors a priori and select a subset of predictors useful relative to their costs. Our approach (i) gives the practitioner control over the magnitude of cost penalization, (ii) enables the prior to scale well with sample size, and (iii) enables the creation of our proposed inclusion path visualization, which can be used to make decisions about individual candidate predictors using both probabilistic and visual tools. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our inclusion path approach and the importance of being able to adjust the magnitude of the prior's cost penalization through a dataset pertaining to heart disease diagnosis in patients at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, where several candidate predictors with various costs were recorded for patients, and through simulated data.

A framework for modelling customer invoice payment predictions

By offering clients attractive credit terms on sales, a company may increase its turnover, but granting credit also incurs the cost of money tied up in accounts receivable (AR), increased administration and a heightened probability of incurring bad debt. The management of credit sales, although eminently important to any business, is often performed manually, which may be time-consuming, expensive and inaccurate. Such an administrative workload becomes increasingly cumbersome as the number of credit sales increases. As a result, a new approach towards proactively identifying invoices from AR accounts that are likely to be paid late, or not at all, has recently been proposed in the literature, with the aim of employing intervention strategies more effectively. Several computational techniques from the credit scoring literature and particularly techniques from the realms of survival analysis or machine learning have been embedded in the aforementioned approach. This body of work is, however, lacking due to the limited guidance provided during the data preparation phase of the model development process and because survival analytic and machine learning techniques have not yet been ensembled. In this paper, we propose a generic framework for modelling invoice payment predictions with the aim of facilitating the process of preparing transaction data for analysis, generating relevant features from past customer behaviours, and selecting and ensembling suitable models for predicting the time to payment associated with invoices. We also introduce a new sequential ensembling approach, called the Survival Boost algorithm. The rationale behind this method is that features generated by a survival analytic model can enhance the efficacy of a machine learning classification algorithm.

Introducing virtual reality to older adults: A qualitative analysis of a co-design innovation with care staff

Previous studies of Virtual Reality (VR) in aged care settings have demonstrated that the benefits can be multiple, including improved social connection and engagement and reduced social isolation in later life. However, there remains a lack of widespread uptake of VR in aged care facilities. This prompts an important question: Given the potential benefits, why is there such poor engagement in VR by aged care facilities? The aim of this qualitative study is to investigate the experience of introducing VR into an aged care facility. Our innovative approach supported care staff to introduce VR into aged care facilities. Fieldwork diaries and focus group discussions were used to document experiences of introducing VR, including the obstacles, challenges and benefits and the adaptations to aged care environments that were required to accommodate new VR activities. Thematic analysis of the data revealed that VR can be an important medium to support the wellbeing of older residents. However, our findings also indicate that there are significant challenges associated with introducing VR, including substantial costs in time, money and institutional resources and attention. This study concludes that, to be successful, VR requires substantive care and relational resources from both staff and residents that are only visible when paying attention to the contextual adjustments required to introduce the technology to a new setting. This suggests that other research on gerontechnologies would likely also benefit from further attention to the role of the broader social context – including care and relational resources – in ensuring their successful design and implementation.

Adventure in the Tropics: Joining Forces to Heal the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Imagine a magical place with tall trees and amazing animals—the tropical forest. But these forests are disappearing, and we want to make the world better by bringing back their beauty. Restoring forests also helps fight climate change and keeps plants and animals safe. However, we cannot do everything at once, so we need a plan. Planting trees costs money, but some scientists have found that certain forests can grow back all on their own! This is excellent news, but we must also be careful to help other very important places that cannot regrow alone. We need a plan to bring back the forests that can regrow on their own and those that cannot. Ideally, if everyone joins, the cost will be minimal. By working together with nature, we can make the forest healthy again!

A METHODICAL APPROACH TO REDUCING HEAT ENERGY EXPENDITURES FOR BUILDING HEATING

The work provides a method of preventing the consumption of heat energy for heating the building. It is noted that the energy statistics of Ukraine foresee an increase in the use of primary energy resources in the period 2020–2030 mainly due to energy saving, which, in turn, will ensure a 30-40% reduction in emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere and stabilize greenhouse gas emissions. In order to substantiate the ways of reducing money costs for electricity and heat consumption, certain measures are proposed in the work, which demonstrate the greatest economic effect in the shortest time. The evaluation of the quality of thermal protection of the building's enclosing structures was carried out. The analysis of thermograms of enclosing structures based on infrared scanning of surfaces is presented. The thermal imaging survey was carried out in two stages. With the help of a thermal imager, at the first stage, a scan of the enclosing structures was performed in order to identify areas of the enclosing structures that have different temperature fields. Based on the analysis of the thermograms of the previous scan, a program of detailed examination of the areas with temperature anomalies is planned and the reasons for their appearance are clarified. Based on the conducted research, recommendations are given to increase the combined heat transfer resistance of enclosing structures in order to prevent heat energy costs for heating the building.

Trust, nuance, and care: Advantages and challenges of repeat qualitative interviews

Most methodological discussions about the pros and cons of repeat interviews fall within qualitative longitudinal literature and are premised on project designs with relatively long intervals between encounters. Less attention has been paid to the practice and ethics of repeat interviewing as a stand-alone method, that does not follow participants long-term, but instead conducts several interviews over a short period of time. This article is based on interviews and research logs from a project in which over 350 incarcerated persons in Latin America were interviewed. We evaluate the advantages and shortcomings of repeat interviewing, in this case, three sessions with each participant with up to a week in between sessions. We find that repeat interviewing increases trust and rapport, contributes to nuanced data, generates reflexivity, and ensures more ethical research by making it easier for researchers to care for participants. Yet the method also has the disadvantages of demanding a significant investment of resources, the risk of losing participants, and on occasion, the emotional challenge of breaking strong bonds when researchers and participants part ways. We argue that the advantages of repeat interviews exceed the shortcomings, but ethical concerns added to the cost in time, energy, and money might at times proscribe the method.

Discovery of magnesium-aluminum alloys by generative model and automatic differentiation approach

Abstract Magnesium-aluminum alloy is one of the most common alloy materials in the industry, widely utilized due to its low density and excellent mechanical properties. However, investigating its properties or predicting new structures through experiment inevitably involves complex processes, which cost much time and money. Currently, simulations, such as density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning (ML) methods, are mainly employed for predicting new alloy materials. While precise, DFT incurs significant computational costs, which posing challenges for research. On the other hand, although ML methods are versatile and efficient, they demand high-quality datasets and may exhibit some degree of inaccuracy. To address these challenges, we employ a combination of generative model and automatic differentiation, reducing the search space and accelerating the screening of target materials. Finally, we use generative model to predict a multitude of magnesium-aluminum alloys. We perform structure optimization and property evaluation for ten potentially valuable intermetallic compounds. Ultimately, we identified Mg3Al3, Mg2Al6, Mg4Al12, Mg15Al, and Mg14Al2 as five stable structures, among which Mg4Al12, Mg15Al and Mg14Al2 may have higher potential application value.

Technical and Economic Efficiency of Using Multifunctional Containers in Primary Seed Production of Grain Crops

Introduction. A very common technology of pedigree seed production is associated with manual in-process transshipment of many sacks that over time results in damaged sacks and in worsening of grain storage conditions. In this regard, there is a need to design a multifunctional rigid container, which will provide cost-effective storage of seed grain through the airtightness and control of the indoor environment. Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at designing a multifunctional container for primary seed production of grain crops with justification according to the criteria of technical and economic efficiency in comparison with pallet spaces and sacks. Materials and Methods. The state standard for economic evaluation of agricultural machinery was applied to assess the impact of reducing in-process transshipment of many sacks and seed losses in primary seed production of grain crops. Wheat seeds were used as the seed-producing crop under study. As service equipment there were used Wintersteiger Delta plot combine with a cutterbar working width of 2 m, seed bagging system or grain hopper 1.5 m3, Belarus 622 tractor with 1PTS-2 semi-trailer, TOR CD1 10916 electric telpher, and convective grain drying units on the basis of SL-0.3x 2 tray dryer for grain. Results. The authors of the article have estimated the technical and economic efficiency of using sacks and multifunctional containers in technological operations of harvesting, transporting and drying grain. With the annual notional volume of work in 400.7 tons, the saving of total money costs for a plot seed combine-harvester averages 117.9 thousand rubles. The reduction in the cost of work performance is 32.8%, payback period is 2 years; the decrease in the need for service personnel and harvesters is not revealed. At the same time, the reduction in the need for energy sources is 32.3%. Discussion and Conclusion. It has been determined that during technological operations of harvesting, transporting and drying, the best seed production performance is when using the multifunctional container with the following indicators of specific cargo turnover, p: Ui = 800 t/km2; Lг = 0.15 km; b = 0.01 km; Lп‒т = 0.5 km, initial humidity of seeds is 21%. In the process of using this container, the production cost, need for service personnel, energy sources and machinery are reduced.

The Role of detection Algorithm in Tracking Techniques with the help of Deep Learning for an Enhanced user Experience

The drum set is a prominent instrument in a variety of music genres including pop, rock, and jazz. However, it costs money and space to get from nothing to purchasing a kit. The objective of these studies is to enable drummers to hone their skills, at least blithely, without a full set of drums and to expedite the initiation of drummers to their drumming experiences without incurring any costs. Drums do not fit inside a single bag, making them more difficult to travel than other instruments. We propose a virtual drum prototype that enables air-drumming using just two sticks, a computer equipped with a camera, and readily available markers that resemble the drumstick tips, such colourful papers. The detection algorithm combines tracking techniques with deep learning technology for an enhanced user experience. This was done using the Python-based OpenCV, as well as the concept of color-based blob recognition was used to find the markers. The capacity to function as a USB controller and MIDI controllers as well as the possibility for further development as a released program have all been shown by this prototype. Results from experiments show how useful and successful this method is for producing a lifelike and immersive virtual drumming experience.

Clinical gait analysis using video-based pose estimation: Multiple perspectives, clinical populations, and measuring change.

Gait dysfunction is common in many clinical populations and often has a profound and deleterious impact on independence and quality of life. Gait analysis is a foundational component of rehabilitation because it is critical to identify and understand the specific deficits that should be targeted prior to the initiation of treatment. Unfortunately, current state-of-the-art approaches to gait analysis (e.g., marker-based motion capture systems, instrumented gait mats) are largely inaccessible due to prohibitive costs of time, money, and effort required to perform the assessments. Here, we demonstrate the ability to perform quantitative gait analyses in multiple clinical populations using only simple videos recorded using low-cost devices (tablets). We report four primary advances: 1) a novel, versatile workflow that leverages an open-source human pose estimation algorithm (OpenPose) to perform gait analyses using videos recorded from multiple different perspectives (e.g., frontal, sagittal), 2) validation of this workflow in three different populations of participants (adults without gait impairment, persons post-stroke, and persons with Parkinson's disease) via comparison to ground-truth three-dimensional motion capture, 3) demonstration of the ability to capture clinically relevant, condition-specific gait parameters, and 4) tracking of within-participant changes in gait, as is required to measure progress in rehabilitation and recovery. Importantly, our workflow has been made freely available and does not require prior gait analysis expertise. The ability to perform quantitative gait analyses in nearly any setting using only low-cost devices and computer vision offers significant potential for dramatic improvement in the accessibility of clinical gait analysis across different patient populations.

Performance Assessment of Mobile Laser Scanning Systems Using Velodyne Hdl-32e

Mapping systems using multi-beam LiDARs are widely used nowadays for different geospatial applications graduating from indoor projects to outdoor city-wide projects. These mobile mapping systems can be either ground-based or aerial-based systems and are mostly equipped with inertial navigation systems INS. The Velodyne HDL-32 LiDAR is a well-known 360° spinning multi-beam laser scanner that is widely used in outdoor and indoor mobile mapping systems. The performance of such LiDARs is an ongoing research topic which is quite important for the quality assurance and quality control topic. The performance of this LiDAR type is correlated to many factors either related to the device itself or the design of the mobile mapping system. Regarding design, most of the mapping systems are equipped with a single Velodyne HDL32 in a specific orientation angle which is different among the mapping systems manufacturers. The LiDAR orientation angle has a significant impact on the performance in terms of the density and coverage of the produced point clouds. Furthermore, during the lifetime of this multi-beam LiDAR, one or more beams may be defected and then either continue the production or returned to the manufacturer to be fixed which then cost time and money. In this paper, the design impact analysis of a mobile laser scanning (MLS) system equipped with a single Velodyne HDL-32E will be clarified and a clear relationship is given between the orientation angle of the LiDAR and the output density of points. The ideal angular orientation of a single Velodyne HDL-32E is found to be at 35° in a mobile mapping system. Furthermore, we investigated the degradation of points density when one of the 32 beams is defected and quantified the density loss percentage and to the best of our knowledge, this is not presented in literature before. It is found that a maximum of about 8% point density loss occurs on the ground and 4% on the facades when having a defected beam of the Velodyne HDL-32E.

Diogenes’ tub and the double bind of science and vocation in the late Middle Ages

Intellectuals tend to cherish heroes who embody their ideal way of life. The fact that the personas of the unworldly Greek philosophers Diogenes and Crates were so popular in the late Middle Ages proves that Max Weber’s Idealtypus of the “authentic man of science” (as termed by Steven Shapin) has been problematic for centuries. This finding gives cause to modify Max Weber’s and Shapin's viewpoints about the loss of the “authentic man of science” due to professionalization. The development of the university as an educational institution in the High Middle Ages chained the academic once and for all to a formal training that costs time and money: investments that were expected to have reward. Soon, university-trained experts were highly appreciated by local and national authorities. By combining Frank Rexroth’s and Marcel Bubert’s ideas on the coming into being of an “amor sciendi” in the twelfth century Arts faculties, with David Kaldewey’s and Klaas van Berkel’s appeals for academic autonomy, my article argues that academics have always struggled to protect the pursuit of truth, even while they recognized its vital importance from the beginning.

Diagnostics of hydraulic cylinders of road construction machines using hydraulic prop

AIMS: to develop a new method for diagnosing hydraulic cylinders. Apply a hardware-diagnostic complex for testing a hydraulic cylinder. To analyze the graphs of the pressure dependence on time, as well as to identify the main diagnostic indicator characterizing the technical condition of the hydraulic cylinder.
 METHODS: The pressure, flow rate and temperature of the working fluid are currently used as diagnostic indicators used to diagnose the technical condition of hydraulic systems as a whole and its individual elements. Changes in these indicators allow us to judge the state of the hydraulic system of the construction machine. However, these indicators help to assess the current state and, as a rule, do not provide an opportunity to assess the residual resource of hydraulic system elements.
 RESULTS: The technical condition and residual life of hydraulic cylinders can be determined by comparing the angle of pressure increase on the reference and on the tested hydraulic cylinder. The angle of pressure increase during the organization of a backup in the drain line can be a diagnostic parameter when determining the technical condition of the hydraulic cylinder, allows you to determine the change in its technical condition.
 CONCLUSIONS: The practical value of the study lies in the fact that with the help of a hardware diagnostic complex used together with the developed diagnostic method, it is possible to establish the technical condition of the hydraulic cylinder. The proposed method of assessing the technical condition allows you to evaluate the resource of hydraulic cylinders, both on the stand and when performing production processes on the machine. This will reduce the downtime of machines, as well as reduce the cost of money for their maintenance and repair.

Pembuatan sabun cuci piring untuk rumah tanggga

Sei Sikambing C area, Medan Helvetia, Medan, North Sumatra, is where the Al Husna community lives. The group actively participates in various activities to improve the quality of life of its members and maintain their well-being in daily life. Pering laundry soap made from natural ingredients such as clay and whiting is essential for the community's economy. Since soap is used naturally by every household, it costs money. This research method uses the interview method and direct participation in experiments. The research aims to transfer knowledge regarding the manufacture of dish soap

PENGARUH STATUS KEPEGAWAIAN DAN TUNTUTAN PROFESIONALISME TERHADAP PENGUPAHAN TENAGA KESEHATAN

In many cases, the wages of health workers are still below the average regional/provincial minimum wage (UMR/UMP). This can have an impact on the motivation and fulfilment of health workers' performance standards. In addition, the high level of risk in the work environment requires physical and spiritual fitness which costs money. Based on these problems, this research tries to examine the influence of employment status and demands for professionalism on the wages of health workers for nursing health workers, who have the largest number in both government and private institutions. This type of research is normative-empirical, the data used is secondary data. Secondary data was obtained from library research sourced from Institute reports, official government statistics, regulations as primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. From the results of the study, information was obtained that employment status and professional responsibilities have a significant influence on wage standards in the form of salaries and allowances for ASN/PPPK which are regulated in applicable laws and regulations. Meanwhile, in private institutions, the amount is regulated in the non-employee agreement for state civil servants (private sector), given in accordance with the work agreement or collective work agreement.