Corrosion Resistance Of Alloy Research Articles

Improvement in corrosion resistance of Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy by Zr addition

Improvement in corrosion resistance of Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy by Zr addition

Effect of applied magnetic field on ZnFe alloy electrodeposition

Corrosion-resistant materials for the protection of structures are of paramount importance to the industry. This research work reports on the effects of a magnetic field applied parallel to a working electrode on the electrodeposition process of the corrosion-resistant ZnFe alloy coating. The electrochemical study of ZnFe alloy coatings prepared using an acid sulfate bath was carried out in galvanostatic mode. The results indicated that the current density and magnetic field have remarkable effects on the formation kinetics of the ZnFe deposits. The diffusion rate of the Fe ferromagnetic species subjected to mass transport accelerated under the influence of the Lorentz force (applied magnetic field); moreover, these ions were deposited in large amounts under the effect of the magnetic field. The energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy analysis confirmed the modification of the Fe ion atomic concentrations in the ZnFe coatings under the influence of the magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) convection compared to those deposited without the imposition of the magnetic field. The morphological examinations revealed that the magnetic field acted positively on the deposited layers by endowing them with homogeneous surfaces. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of ZnFe deposits demonstrated the presence of delta (δ), zeta (ξ) and eta (η) phases when there was no applied magnetic field. Furthermore, depending on the magnitude of the applied magnetic field, XRD diagrams exhibited changes in crystallographic orientation, grain size, and the electro-crystallization. These changes favor the presence of certain crystallographic phases, such as (200) and (330).

Biocorrosion and Cytotoxicity Studies on Biodegradable Mg-Based Multicomponent Alloys.

Magnesium-based multicomponent alloys with different compositions, namely Mg60Al20Zn5Cu10Mn5 (Mg60 alloy), Mg70Al15Zn5Cu5Mn5 (Mg70 alloy), and Mg80Al5Cu5Mn5Zn5 (Mg 80) alloys, were prepared using the disintegrated melt deposition technique. The DMD technique is a distinctive method that merges the benefits from gravity die casting and spray forming. This approach facilitates high solidification rates, process yields, and reduced metal wastage, resulting in materials with a fine microstructure and minimal porosity. Their potential as biodegradable materials was assessed through corrosion in different simulated body fluids (SBFs), microstructure, and cytotoxicity tests. It was observed that the Mg60 alloy exhibited low corrosion rates (~× 10-5 mm/year) in all SBF solutions, with a minor amount of corrosive products, and cracks were observed. This can be attributed to the formation of the Mg32(AlZn)49 phase and to its stability due to Mg(OH)2 film, leading to excellent corrosion resistance when compared to the Mg70 and M80 alloys. Conversely, the Mg80 alloy exhibited high corrosion rates, along with more surface degradation and cracks, due to active intermetallic phases, such as Al6Mn, Al2CuMg, and Al2Cu phases. The order of corrosion resistance for the Mg alloy was found to be ASS > HBSS > ABP > PBS. Further, in vitro cytotoxicity studies were carried out using MDA-MB-231 tumor cells. By comparing all three alloys, in terms of proliferation and vitality, the Mg80 alloy emerged as a promising material for implants, with potential antitumor activity.

Effect of Gadolinium Content on the Microstructures and Corrosion Properties of Mg-4Zn-3Gd Alloy

Lightweight metallic alloys in the transport sector are the essential choice to reduce carbon monoxide emissions. Magnesium (Mg) can serve this purpose appreciably because it has a low density compared to other metallic metals and a high strength in a small portion of metals. The reason behind this is having very low weight. Notwithstanding the alloys exhibit high susceptibility to corrosion especially galvanic corrosion, which impedes it from its various applications. The corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy depends largely on the surface film whether it can protect well and the corrosion due to galvanic effect between the second phase particles or microstructures and the magnesium matrix. Role of second phase particles eventually improves the corrosion property by enhancing its resistance to corrosion. Mg-4Zn being a promising alloy, 3 wt% Gd has been added further to investigate the corrosion resistant properties of Mg-4Zn-3Gd alloy. After preparing the alloys by casting method in induction furnace followed by homogenization at 410°C, the sample was hot rolled at 400°C. Preparation of the samples has been verified by EDS, XRF and XRD analysis. Corrosion study has been done for 1 hour, 24 hours and 72 hours. Microstructures have been taken for as cast, homogenized, and as rolled condition before corrosion test. The analysis shows a large difference in the grain size and phase distribution. Due to dynamic recrystallization during rolling hardness also shows differences compared to as cast and homogenized sample. The corrosion test is performed by weight loss test, electrochemical measurement, and immersion test. In the results, it has been seen an increase in corrosion rate at the initial stage, however it came to a constant rate after some time. After corrosion test, optical micrographs (OM) and scanning electron microstructures (SEM) images show typical morphology of corroded surface with some micro cracks. The presence of Gd in Mg-4Zn alloy enhanced the corrosion performance when it is done for longer time.

Ultrahigh corrosion resistance of Mg-Er alloys by two-layer barrier from oxide film and triangular prism-like Mg(OH)2

An ultrahigh corrosion resistance of Mg-Er alloys was achieved via a simple method by forming an Er2O3 oxide film using a high temperature treatment. The corrosion rate of Mg-8.1 wt% Er alloy with oxide film is only 0.12 mm/y in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, even lower than that of high-purity magnesium. The triangular prism-like Mg(OH)2 was observed for the first time in corrosion field of Mg alloys, which was terrific compact and effectively hindered the further corrosion. A mechanism of two-layer barrier coming from the oxide film and triangular prism-like Mg(OH)2 was proposed to contribute the outstanding corrosion resistance.

Synergistic enhancement of hot corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of IN738LC alloy prepared by selective laser melting

The present study investigates the synergistic enhancement of hot corrosion resistance (900 °C, 75%Na2SO4+25%NaCl) and mechanical properties of IN738LC alloy prepared by selective laser melting after heat treatment. The results indicate that the M23C6 precipitation at the grain boundaries coupled with smaller-sized γ′ phase distribution in the inner grain is conducive to the formation of thicker Cr2O3 outer layer and Al2O3 inner layer for the samples, which effectively hinders the diffusion of S and Cl elements penetrate to the matrix, enhancing the hot corrosion resistance. Additionally, the presence of small-sized γ′ phase and re-crystallization-induced grain refinement contribute to an increase in yield strength (σYS = 1261 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS = 1360 MPa) for the alloy.

Empowered corrosion-resistant products through HCP crystal network: a topological assistance

Human computer interaction (HCI) aims to enhance product effectiveness and efficiency by empowering users. This research examines corrosion resistance in alloys, a concern due to technological advancements. Metals and alloys are susceptible to degradation, leading to functionality loss, structural collapse, and environmental contamination. Improving corrosion resistance is crucial for product efficiency. In this paper, HCI identifies requirements that emphasize taking an existing hexagonal closely packed (HCP) network, investigating the network for requirements in the form of vertices and edges, mapping different vertices and edges of the network graph with topological invariants, solving the network graph by invariants, and providing results for modeling and design of advanced networks and architectures. The HCI also ensures and investigates the optimization of results produced under the specifications. The study examines network graph results for irregularities, providing guidelines for engineers and manufacturers to create advanced alloy architectures with characteristics through mathematical and graphical methods.

A review on manufacturing processes of cobalt-chromium alloy implants and its impact on corrosion resistance and biocompatibility.

Cobalt-Chromium (CoCr) alloys are currently used for various cardiovascular, orthopedic, fracture fixation, and dental implants. A variety of processes such as casting, forging, wrought processing, hot isostatic pressing, metal injection molding, milling, selective laser melting, and electron beam melting are used in the manufacture of CoCr alloy implants. The microstructure and precipitates (carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, and intermetallic compounds) formed within the alloy are primarily determined by the type of manufacturing process employed. Although the effects of microstructure and precipitates on the physical and mechanical properties of CoCr alloys are well reviewed and documented in the literature, the effects on corrosion resistance and biocompatibility are not comprehensively reviewed. This article reviews the various processes used to manufacture CoCr alloy implants and discusses the effects of manufacturing processes on corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. This review concludes that the microstructure and precipitates formed in the alloy are unique to the manufacturing process employed and have a significant impact on the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of CoCr alloys. Additionally, a historical and scientific overview of corrosion and biocompatibility for metallic implants is included in this review. Specifically, the failure of CoCr alloys when used in metal-on-metal bearing surfaces of total hip replacements is highlighted. It is recommended that the type of implant/application (orthopedic, dental, cardiovascular, etc.) should be the first and foremost factor to be considered when selecting biomaterials for medical device development.

Advancing sustainability in construction and environmental management about innovative materials, technologies, and policy frameworks

This comprehensive study explores the integration of advanced materials, innovative technologies, and policy frameworks to enhance sustainability in construction and environmental management. Through an in-depth analysis of self-healing concrete, energy-efficient insulation materials, recycled composites, membrane filtration advancements, photocatalytic water purification, bioremediation techniques, corrosion-resistant alloys, smart sensing technologies, earthquake-resistant designs, and green infrastructure, we demonstrate significant potential to reduce environmental impact, improve infrastructure durability, and promote water conservation. Additionally, the role of international standards, regulations, and incentives in fostering sustainable development practices is critically examined. Quantitative analyses and mathematical models provide a foundation for assessing the effectiveness and economic viability of these innovations, offering valuable insights for stakeholders across the construction and environmental sectors

Microstructure and corrosion behaviour of Mg-1Sc alloy with different processing conditions

The microstructure and corrosion resistance of Mg-1Sc alloys in different processing conditions were investigated. The composition was examined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer, the microstructure was analyzed by metallographic microscope. The corrosion behaviour of the alloy was investigated by hydrogen evolution tests and electrochemical tests. The results showed that as-cast and rolled Mg-1Sc possess better corrosion resistance compared with extruded Mg-1Sc alloys, which is due to the fact that the extrusion flow lines and residual stresses caused by machining in extruded Mg-1Sc alloys can lead to easier corrosion. In addition, rolled Mg-1Sc alloy shows better corrosion resistance than as-cast alloy, which is attributed to the finer grain sizes and a denser corrosion product film.

Improvement of Corrosion and Wear Resistance of Mg-Li Alloy by Binary- and Ternary-Layered Double Hydroxide/Steam Coating Composite Coatings

Improvement of Corrosion and Wear Resistance of Mg-Li Alloy by Binary- and Ternary-Layered Double Hydroxide/Steam Coating Composite Coatings

Effect of Polytetrafluoroethylene Coating on Corrosion Wear Properties of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy by Electrophoretic Deposition

In this study, we aim to enhance the corrosion and wear resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloy using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technology to apply a hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) serves as a charged dispersant, facilitating uniform deposition of PTFE particles on the alloy surface. Results demonstrate a significant reduction in corrosion current density (from 67.5 μA/cm2 to 5.2 μA/cm2) and improved wear resistance (wear volume decreased from 0.24167 mm3 to 0.00167 mm3) in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution compared to uncoated alloy. Moreover, the friction coefficient of the coated sample decreases. These findings underscore the potential of nano-PTFE coatings prepared via EPD in enhancing AZ31 magnesium alloy’s corrosion and wear resistance, providing a foundation for future protective coating design and optimization.

Effect of Annealing Temperature on Microstructure and Properties of Solid Solution Extruded Mg–2.0Zn–1.0Y–0.5Zr Alloys

In this investigation, the effects of different annealing temperatures (180, 200, 220, 240, 260, and 280 °C) on the microstructure evolution and properties of an extruded Mg–2.0Zn–1.0Y–0.5Zr (wt%) magnesium alloys were determined. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), immersion corrosion, electrochemical corrosion experiments, and tensile testing were performed. Research has found that combining hot extrusion with subsequent low-temperature annealing significantly improves the strength, plasticity, and corrosion resistance of alloys due to grain refinement and a reduced dislocation density. The alloy was completely recrystallized at an annealing temperature of 240 °C for 4 h after solid solution extrusion, and the grains were fine and uniform, demonstrating the best comprehensive properties. Its corrosion rate, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation were 0.454 ± 0.023 mm/y, 346.7 ± 8.9 MPa, 292.4 ± 6.9 MPa, and 19.0 ± 0.4%, respectively. The corrosion mechanism of the specimens under extruded and annealed conditions was analyzed. After annealing at 240 °C for 4 h, the dislocation and bimodal grain structure of the samples were almost eliminated, resulting in uniform and fine grains, which were conducive to the formation of a more uniform and denser oxide film, thus improving the corrosion resistance of the alloy.

Corrosion resistance of a superhydrophobic polypropylene coating on magnesium alloy AZ31

Purpose To improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys, the construction of protective coatings is necessary to extend the service life of Mg-based materials. Design/methodology/approach SiO2 nanoparticles modified by dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS) were added to the PP and a superhydrophobic Mg(OH)2/PP-60mSiO2 composite coating was fabricated on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy via the hydrothermal method and subsequently the immersion treatment. Findings Hydrophilic SiO2 nanoparticles become hydrophobic after modified by DTMS, showing a higher dispersibility in xylene. By incorporating modified SiO2 nanoparticles into the composite PP coating, the hydrophobicity of the layer was enhanced, resulting in a contact angle of 166.3° and a sliding angle of 3.4°. It also improved the water repellency and durability of the coating. Furthermore, the intermediate layer of Mg(OH)2 significantly strengthened the bond between the PP layer and the substrate. The Mg(OH)2/PP-60mSiO2 composite coating significantly enhances the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy by effectively blocking the infiltration of the corrosion anions during corrosion. The corrosion current density of the Mg(OH)2/PP-60mSiO2 composite coating is approximately 8.23 × 10–9 A·cm-2, which can achieve a magnitude three times lower than its substrate, making it a promising surface modification for the Mg alloy. Originality/value The composite coating effectively and durably enhances the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys.

Evaluation of innovative fluroapatite /silicon dioxide modified zirconia nanocomposites coated on Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy for dental implant application

Dental implants are intended to function as a durable method for replacing missing teeth. A biocompatible dental alloy is used to achieve integration with the jawbone through Osseointegration. This creates a strong base for the implant, allowing it to withstand the mechanical forces generated during biting and chewing. Dental alloys are commonly subjected to various mouth conditions known for their intricate corrosion potential. Corrosion can weaken the structural integrity of the implant, causing issues such as implant loosening, micro-motion at the implant-bone contact, implant fracture, allergic reactions, toxicity, and possible disruption of the Osseo integration process. To improve the alloy's corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, its surface can be altered using nanocomposite materials. The materials provide a protective coating to the alloy, creating a physical barrier that effectively prevents corrosive substances from reaching the underlying bulk material. This study involves modifying the surface of the dental alloy Ti–13Nb–13Zr with Fluroapatite (FAP)/Silicon dioxide (SiO2) modified zirconia (ZrO2) nano composites. The altered surfaces are then studied in simulated body fluid and artificial saliva solutions using in vitro methods. The FAP/SiO2 modified ZrO2 nanocomposites is applied onto a Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy utilizing Electrophoretic deposition and Dip coating techniques. The coated samples were analysis utilizing FTIR, XRD, and SEM with EDS. Corrosion analysis was carried out on coated and uncoated samples using Electrochemical methods in simulated body fluid and artificial saliva solution. The biocompatibility is assessed using MTT assay, contact angle, and immersion testing in both SBF and Artificial saliva. EIS and corrosion study results show that FAP/SiO2 modified ZrO2 nanocomposites coated Ti13Nb13Zr alloy has high polarization resistance, low corrosion rate, and good charge transfer resistance, indicating excellent corrosion resistance. The contact angle study showed that the surface-modified Ti13Nb13Zr alloy is superhydrophilic, increasing implant surface osseointegration. Cell viability measurements reveal good cell growth, while immersion investigations show calcification, leading to enhanced osseointegration between the implant and its surrounding tissues. hence, it is an excellent material for dental implants application.

Improving Aging Behavior and Corrosion Resistance of Mg-5Ga Alloy by Ca Alloying

Improving Aging Behavior and Corrosion Resistance of Mg-5Ga Alloy by Ca Alloying

Shot peening pre-treatment for nano-nitriding layer formation to enhance wear and corrosion resistance in medical titanium alloys

Due to its exceptional biocompatibility, Ti6Al4V finds extensive application in the medical field, particularly in joint replacement and orthopedic surgery. To augment the wear and corrosion resistance of the titanium alloy in physiological environments, SP and PN treatments were applied. This study systematically explores the synergistic impact of SP on PN of titanium alloy through microhardness testing, micromorphology observation, microstructure characterization, as well as wear and electrochemical experiments. The findings reveal that SP refines surface grains, facilitating PN and leading to the formation of a thicker nitride layer on titanium alloy surfaces. Compared to the initial titanium alloy, surface microhardness increases by 51.4 %, and the wear rate experiences a two-order-of-magnitude reduction. Moreover, the SP-PN treatment enhances the electrochemical corrosion resistance of titanium alloys, underscoring its effectiveness in improving the wear and corrosion properties of medical titanium alloys.

Improved protective properties of Mg alloy AZ31 using bis-[triethoxysilylpropyl] tetrasulfide silane films modified with nano TiO2 by electrochemically assisted deposition

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys were favored by biomedical practitioners thanks to availability of bioactivity and degradability. However, the mismatch between the degradation properties of Mg alloys and the rate of osteogenesis often led to implant failure and bacterial infections within the desired period. The goal of this study was to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys, providing theoretical guidance for solving the problems of implantable Mg-based materials. In this experiment, we prepared a dense and uniform BTESPT/TiO2 film layer on the surface of Mg substrate by electrochemically assisted deposition. The BTESPT/TiO2 film layer provided a physical barrier to avoid direct contact between AZ31 and the corrosive medium. When the addition amount was 2 g/L TiO2, the coating had the best corrosion resistance behavior, its corrosion current density could be up to 9.973×10−8 A/cm2. The BTESPT/TiO2 revealed good cell viability as well as osteogenic differentiation potential on MC3T3-E1 cells.

Effect of Er on Microstructure, Electrical Conductivity, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Resistance of an Al-Zr Alloy

Effect of Er on Microstructure, Electrical Conductivity, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Resistance of an Al-Zr Alloy

Effect of Zr content on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour in hydrochloric acid for as-cast Ti-Zr alloy

In this work, the aim was to develop a Ti alloy with improved mechanical properties and improved corrosion resistance in acidic environments. The results show that the thicknesses of the α' phase first increases and then decreases with increasing Zr content. The elastic modulus (E) first decreases and then increases, while the hardness (H), wear resistance, and plasticity index (Up/Ut) gradually increase. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of Ti-Zr alloys was improved significantly as the Zr concentration increased, which was mainly reflected in an increase in the polarization resistance and a decrease in the corrosion rate.