To curb the problems of rapid attenuation on skid-resistance and service-life shortening of limestone bituminous pavement, a surface treatment incorporating sand-containing lithium-silicate composite solution (LSCS) was developed utilizing lithium silicate, styrene acrylic, silicone acrylic and silicon carbide in this study. During the research, the processing property, road performance and the corresponding enhancement mechanism were analyzed and investigated through a combination of macroscopic properties test and micro-structure analysis approaches; meanwhile the durability test was implemented due to the long-term exposure in uncontrolled environments. The experimental results demonstrated that the sand-containing LSCS could significantly delay the skid-resistance attenuation of in-service bituminous pavement after shot-blasting through enhancing the anti-abrasion property and retard the decay rate of texture depth concerning limestone aggregate. Furthermore, the sand-containing LSCS might possess good temperature variation resistance, anti-erosion ability, acid corrosion resistance, as well as impermeability. In comprehensive consideration of the performance characteristics, the spraying dosage of 200 g/m2 LSCS using styrene-acrylic and silicone-acrylic could be recommended to applying for the skid-resistant maintenance treatment for bituminous pavement. The study laid a foundation for the investigation of skid-resistant surface treatment utilizing lithium silicate as a preventive pavement maintenance method.