Corrosion Inhibition Of Steel Research Articles

Phytochemicals as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in sulfuric acid solutions: a review

Phytochemicals as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in sulfuric acid solutions: a review

Grape Seed Extract as an Environment-Friendly Green Inhibitor for Corrosion of Mild Steel in 1 M Sulfamic Acid

AbstractA corrosion inhibition study of mild steel in 1 M sulfamic acid was conducted using grape seed extract (GSE) as a possible green inhibitor. Electrochemical techniques were adopted to measure the corrosion rate in both the absence and presence of the GSE. Conditions were standardized to obtain optimum inhibition efficiency by varying the concentration of inhibitor and temperature. The kinetic parameters were calculated using the Arrhenius equation. Surface analysis was conducted by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) techniques. A suitable mechanism was proposed for the corrosion inhibition process. Grape seed extract showed a maximum efficiency of 65%, with a concentration of 0.24 g/L at 303 K from potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) studies. With the increase in temperature, the efficiency decreased, resulting in the GSE inhibitor’s physical adsorption. Surface morphology studies supported the adsorption of GSE on mild steel. GSE acted as an efficient green inhibitor with environmental benefits.

Performance Evaluation of Bryophyllum Pinnatum Leaves Extract as Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in 1 M Phosphoric Acid

Performance Evaluation of Bryophyllum Pinnatum Leaves Extract as Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in 1 M Phosphoric Acid

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Inhibitor Efficiency of Eucalyptus globulus Leaf Essential Oil (EuEO) on Mild Steel Corrosion in a Molar Hydrochloric Acid Medium

As a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in a molar hydrochloric acid medium, we investigated the potential of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil (EuEO). Through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization curves, and theoretical methods, including DFT/B3LYP 6-31G (d, p) and Monte Carlo simulations, the interactions between the EuEO components and the steel surface were analyzed. D-Allose, Betulinaldehyde, and Uvaol were identified as the major active compounds in the GC-MS analysis. The experimental results showed that EuEO reached an inhibitory efficiency as high as 97% at a 1 g/L concentration. The findings suggest that EuEO operates as a mixed-type inhibitor, reducing both cathodic and anodic reactions, as well as building up a protective coating on the steel surface. Simulations also confirmed that EuEO molecules function as electron donors and acceptors, enhancing corrosion resistance.

Development of a 2D Network of Zinc Organophosphate with an 8-Membered Ring Core Having Corrosion Resistance Properties.

A 2D framework, i.e., zinc organophosphate [Zn(tmbiph)(solv)]2 (tmbiphH4 = tetramethyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl bis(dihydrogen phosphate); solv = 2H2O) with an eight-membered ring core has been developed. The hierarchical and rational design of the zinc organophosphate has been achieved by carefully designing an organic bisphosphate ligand with two phosphate monoester groups connected through extended aromatic rings with methyl groups at ortho positions. The development of the 2D network does not require any ancillary ligand due to participating two phosphate groups in the coordination. The molecular structure of the zinc phosphate material was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The corresponding Co and Cu organophosphate materials have also been obtained using the same synthetic method; however, these compounds could not be confirmed structurally due to nondiffractive crystal quality. The structure of zinc organophosphate obtained through single-crystal X-ray diffraction has also been supported by theoretical calculations using density function theory. Furthermore, the zinc organophosphate material has been employed as an corrosion inhibitor for mild steel. The effect of the zinc phosphate framework on mild steel in 1 M HCl was investigated using polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This study suggests that such phosphate inhibitors can be employed in the form of a thin protective layer on the electrode surface.

The use of amines as steel corrosion inhibitors in butanol-gasoline blends

Butanol is an interesting component used for blending gasoline fuels. However, the polar nature of butanol allows the solubility of water and ionic compounds in butanol-gasoline blends (BGBs) making them aggressive to mild steel. Amines, such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentaamine, morpholine, piperazine, and hexamethylenediamine, were tested as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in BGBs. Additionally, the influence of the acetic acid and sodium chloride concentrations on the inhibition efficiency was examined. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy andpotentiodynamic polarization were employed for the measurements, complemented by static immersion testing and an XPS surface analysis. The highest inhibition efficiency was demonstrated for diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, andhexamethylenediamine, achieving a value of 95 % or more at aconcentration of 100 mg/L. The formation of ionic pairs involving protonated amines andchlorides was also confirmed. The XPS analysis revealed a very thin passive layer of iron oxides, which may form in the presence of amines, protecting mild steel in BGBs.

Exploring the Adsorption Mechanism of Novel Biscoumarin Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors for Stainless Steel in 2 M H2SO4 Medium: An Integrated Approach Combining Electrochemical and Theoretical Studies

Exploring the Adsorption Mechanism of Novel Biscoumarin Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors for Stainless Steel in 2 M H2SO4 Medium: An Integrated Approach Combining Electrochemical and Theoretical Studies

Correlation between molecular structures and performance of corrosion inhibition of carbon steel by some imidazole analogs in HCl 1 M: Integrating practical and theoretical aspects

Two types of imidazole analogs, namely 1-((4RS,5SR)-2,4,5-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1 H-imidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-one (TOIE) and (4SR,5RS)-2,4,5-tri(furan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1 H-imidazole (TFMI), were probed as corrosion-inhibiting substances for carbon steel in hydrochloric acid (HCl) milieu by dint of potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (Uv-visible), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), together with theoretical approaches. The findings reveal that anticorrosion performance depends on both temperature and concentration; it reached 94.9 % for TOIE and 89.2 % for TFMI at 0.001 M under 303 K, respectively, but it was 90.2 and 79.4 %, respectively, at 0.001 M under 333 K. Examination of PDP revealed that all imidazole analogs perform as mixed-type inhibitors. Additionally, the adsorption mode of imidazole analogs on carbon steel complies with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and includes a chemisorption process. The surface (SEM) and milieu (UV–visible) analyses substantiate that corrosion protection happens as a result of imidazole molecules' adsorption at the carbon steel interface. The obtained quantum chemical indices, such as global softness, electron transfer fraction, and energy gap, together with Fukui indices, can give a good interpretation of the effectiveness of inhibition. Molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) discovered that the TOIE and TFMI molecules, in a flat manner, are adsorbed on carbon steel orbitals, thus giving rise to more effective adsorption and corrosion inhibition.

Zea mays bracts extract as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for steel in HCl pickling solution: Experimental and simulation studies

Active phytochemicals with unique electron structures can adsorb on metal surfaces and effectively mitigate metal corrosion. Recently, plant extracts have garnered significant attention as green and renewable corrosion inhibitors. In this study, the abundant agricultural byproducts, namely Zea mays bracts, were used as the extract raw materials, and Zea mays bracts extract (ZMBE) was served as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in 1 M HCl pickling solution. The organic substances in ZMBE were analyzed via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography- quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTFMS). The interaction between the active functional groups and MS was investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The corrosion inhibition behavior was scrutinized through potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that functional groups such as aromatic rings, double bonds, and hydroxyls successfully adsorb on the MS surface to form the protective films. ZMBE exhibits a mixed-type corrosion inhibition with a “geometric coverage” effect. The corrosion inhibition efficiency (η) increases with ZMBE concentration and solution temperature, the optimum η with 5.0 g·L−1 ZMBE at 318 K is 96.2 %. The adsorption of active ingredients follows the Langmuir and El-Awady isotherms. Density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations prove the synergistic effect of complex components in ZMBE and the corrosion inhibition mechanism. ZMBE is a promising acid pickling corrosion inhibitor with broad application prospects.

Synthesis and evaluation of Schiff base as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution

Purpose The main purpose of the present study is to introduce new Schiff bases as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M HCl. The inhibitory activity of Schiff base was also assessed. Design/methodology/approach 2,2′-((1Z,1′Z)-((2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diyl)bis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))diphenol was synthesized and it’s performance as an inhibitor was then investigated in 1 M HCl. The inhibition of this compound was studied and evaluated by the chemical methods of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electrochemical potential dynamic polarization and Atomic Force microscopy (AFM) method. The thermodynamics parameters were investigated for corrosion of carbon steel in both the absence and presence of Schiff base. Findings The results of the tests showed that this compound has a good performance as an inhibitor and the percentage of inhibition on steel corrosion will increase with increasing concentration and it will reach 70% in the presence of 2 × 10−3 M of this inhibitor. Polarization tests indicated that this compound will act as a mixed inhibitor. Nyquist curves showed that the addition of this substance to the solution increased the charge transfer resistance and decreased the capacity of the double layer. The absorption of the new Schiff base on steel follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the amount of free energy of adsorption indicates the spontaneous adsorption of this inhibitor. Using AFM investigations, the results of electrochemical methods were confirmed. Originality/value Incorporation of a new Schiff base into 1 M HCl is a promising approach for protecting the carbon steel against corrosive solution.

Experimental accompanied with computational (atomic/electronic)-level simulation investigations of Polygonum cuspidatum root extract as sustainable corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in aggressive corrosive media.

This study investigates the corrosion inhibition potential of Polygonum cuspidatum root extract (PCRE) on mild steel in a 0.5M HCl acidic environment. Herein, various techniques including electrochemical and gravimetric measurements were employed, along with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle (CA) measurements for surface morphology analysis. The impedance study revealed a concentration-dependent enhancement in corrosion resistance, classifying PCRE as a mixed-type inhibitor (i.e., inhibits both anodic and cathodic reactions). The highest efficiency, 96.71% at 298K, was observed at a 1000-ppm PCRE concentration. Langmuir model computations suggested chemisorption and physisorption of PCRE on the electrode substrate. Increased Rp (from 28.648 to 174.01 Ω) and Rct (185.74 Ω cm2) at 1000ppm demonstrated improved corrosion resistance. Additionally, SEM analysis displayed a uniform, protective surface, reducing metal degradation. Theoretical calculations highlighted strong interactions between PCRE and mild steel, with a low energy gap (ΔE), as follows: 1-O-methylemodin (2.267eV) < emodin (2.288eV) < emodin-1-O-glucoside (2.343eV) < piceid (2.931eV) < resveratrol (2.952eV), confirming PCRE's excellent micro-level anti-corrosion capabilities. This eco-benign corrosion inhibitor offers sustainable, low-toxicity protection, cost-effectiveness, and versatile performance, surpassing commercial counterparts while aligning with sustainability goals.

Investigation of mild steel corrosion inhibition in acidic media by Viola extract based on bulk and nanometer size

In the present work, the inhibition performance of Viola extract based on bulk and nano size as a green corrosion inhibitor on mild steel in 0.5 M phosphoric acid and 1M hydrochloric acid solutions is investigated using different techniques (potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Optical microscopy). The gained results demonstrated that various concentrations of Viola Extract (bulk and nano) inhibited the corrosion of the alloy in both of the acid solutions. The temperature impact on corrosion rate without/with this extract was examined. Certain thermodynamic parameters were determined based on the temperature impact on inhibition and corrosion processes. The adsorption mechanism of the extract on the alloy was explored using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. A mixed mode of adsorption was observed, wherein the nano-sized extract in 1.0 M HCl predominantly underwent chemisorption, while the bulk-sized extract in 1.0 M HCl and both bulk and nano-sized extracts in 0.5 M H3PO4 were primarily subjected to physisorption. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Optical microscopy analyses were employed to scrutinize alloys’ surface morphology.

Experimental, theoretical and computational studies of oxalyl dihydrazide as a novel corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in neutral saline solution

In this work, the corrosion inhibition performance and mechanism of oxalyl dihydrazide (ODH) for mild steel in neutral saline solution are in-depth studied using weight-loss and electrochemical tests, surface characterizations, theoretical calculation and computational simulations. Results indicate that ODH can act as a novel and superior mixed-type corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in neutral saline solution, its corrosion inhibition efficiency increases with the rising ODH concentration, and the optimum value reaches 88.7 % with adding 200 mg/L. Its corrosion inhibition ability becomes better with immersion time. A compact corrosion product film mainly consisting of Fe, O, N and Cl elements formed on metal surface after adding ODH. ODH molecules adsorb on metal surface in an orderly fashion to form a hydrophobic film, which is belonging to the physicochemical adsorption and obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The corrosion inhibition process of ODH molecule on mild steel is the endothermic process, which enlarges the activation energy barrier of corrosion reactions. ODH molecule can expel the adsorbed water molecules on metal surface and form copolymers with increasing of ODH concentration, retarding the diffusion of water molecule thus protecting metal from corrosion. ODH is proved to be an effective organic corrosion inhibitor for protecting mild steel in neutral saline solution, and contributes toward research and application of easily accessible sources for organic corrosion inhibitors.

Novel chitosan-oligosaccharide derivatives as fluorescent green corrosion inhibitors for P110 steel

In the exploitation of seawater resources, the transported pipelines are frequently corroded, resulting in economic losses and environmental pollution. The development of corrosion inhibitors is an effective measure to mitigate the corrosion of metals in seawater. In this work, novel chitosan oligosaccharide derivatives (CF) were synthesized as fluorescent eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor by modifying fluorescent monomers. The characterization of CF revealed excellent fluorescence intensity, promising the potential for on-line detection. The inhibition performance of CF on P110 in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was investigated through experimental evaluation and theoretical analysis. The electrochemical measurements indicated that the corrosion inhibition efficiency was increased from 61.00 % to 91.19 % with the introduction of fluorane. Adsorption isotherm and XPS analysis demonstrated that CF is designed to protect metal by forming the composite film on P110 through physical and chemical adsorption. In addition, theoretical calculations revealed differences in the interaction energies, radial distribution functions and diffusion coefficients of inhibitors on the Fe (110) surface. These theoretical results aligned with the experiments and confirmed the excellent ability of CF in metal corrosion protection from the molecular perspective. This new chitosan derivative provides new possibilities for the development of the green composite inhibitor that allows on-line detection.

Inhibition of carbon steel corrosion caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms using the eco-friendly ε-Polylysine antimicrobial peptide

This study evaluated the effect of the ε-Polylysine (E-PL) antimicrobial peptide on the corrosion behavior of P. aeruginosa attached to carbon steel surfaces. The results showed that E-PL exhibited good antibacterial and antibiofilm activity, further effectively inhibited the corrosion behavior of P. aeruginosa by biofilm thickness, surface morphology, corrosion product, EIS and molecular biology method. In addition, the transcriptome and qPCR data showed that E-PL significantly downregulated the expression of key genes in flagella, quorum sensing, biofilm formation, and phenazines for resisting microbiologically influenced corrosion. This study has theoretical significance for evaluating the corrosion of marine equipment.

Developing a novel imine derivative as a corrosion inhibitor for Q235 carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution: Experiments and theoretical calculations

During oil and gas extraction, metals are inevitably exposed to acidic environments on a regular basis. Acid solutions, particularly hydrochloric acid, are employed in a multitude of industrial processes, including oil well acidising, steel pickling, ferroalloy pickling and acid cleaning. These applications frequently result in severe metal corrosion. To cope with corrosion, the superlative simple and effective method is to prevent corrosion inhibitors. Naphthyridinimides are not as effective as rust inhibitors, but their corrosion inhibition is significantly improved by the addition of Br ions. This thesis focuses on the synthesis of naphthylimine-type novel organic corrosion inhibitors and the corrosion inhibition mechanism, with the main content of 3,3′-(1,3,6,8-tetraoxo-1,3 6,8-tetrahydrobenzo[lmn] [3,8] phenanthroline-2,7-diyl) bis (N-ethyl -N, N-Dimethyl-1-propylamine) bromide (NDI-N-Br) on Q235 carbon steel in an acidic environment (1 M hydrochloric acid solution). The corrosion inhibition efficiencies of NDI-N-Br reached 93.53 % at 300 ppm at an ambient temperature of 298 K. The corrosion inhibitor NDI-N-Br forms a protective film on the metal surface and organizes the interaction between the metal matrix and the corrosive medium, providing a rust inhibiting effect. This thesis shows that this class of compounds can be well applied to acidic environments and provide ideas for the subsequent development of naphthylimide-based organic corrosion inhibitors.

Investigation of Garcinia kola Exudates as Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Acidic Environment

This study investigated the performance of Garcinia kola exudates in preventing mild steel exposed to acid concentrated water and soil. The study was performed in order to find an alternative coating substance that can reduce the corrosion of mild steel pipes exposed to corrosive water and soil media. Various mild steel specimens were cut into portions and coated with the exudates at 25 - 50µm thickness. To accelerate the rate of corrosion, 0.5M hydrochloric acid (HCl) was added to tap water in a container. Also, the same concentration of HCl was equally added to soil samples. Uncoated mild steel specimens were immersed in the acid concentrated water and soil, servicing as control sample. The rate of corrosion was monitored for 30 days (720 hours). The inhibition efficiency of the exudates for both corrosive media was compared. Results showed that the weight loss and corrosion rate of mild steel decreased with increase in coating thickness. Comparatively, weight loss and corrosion rate in the uncoated specimens were higher than the coated specimens. For uncoated specimens, the corrosion rate was 0.2793mm/yr and 0.4150mm/yr for specimen immersed in water and soil respectively, but at 25µm coating thickness, it decreased to 0.01369mm/yr and 0.2870mm/yr for specimens in water and soil. Also, at 50µm coating thickness, corrosion rate decreased to 0.0052mm/yr and 0.0318mm/yr for specimens in water and soil, respectively. The inhibition efficiency increased with coating thickness, ranging from 51.00 – 98.15% for specimens immersed in water and 30.84 – 92.33% for specimens buried in soil at 25µm – 50µm coating thickness. The results demonstrated that Garcinia kola exudates can be used as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel exposed to corrosive media.

Portulaca oleracea leaf extract as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl

Portulaca oleracea leaf extract as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl

Current Overview of Corrosion Inhibition of API Steel in Different Environments.

API (American Petroleum Institute) steels are the most employed metal alloys in the oil industry due to their outstanding mechanical properties; however, their protection is considered as an imperative matter because of their corrosion damage vulnerability when exposed to different surroundings that provoke a rate increase in the concomitant redox reactions. This problematic situation becomes more relevant when the generation and/or use of one or various aqueous corrosive environments occur, in addition to process conditions, the result of which is extremely difficult to be controlled. For these reasons, the internal and external protection of exposed metallic systems are considered as a fundamental concern, where internal corrosion is often controlled through the addition of corrosion inhibitors (CIs). The present review analyzes researchers' contributions in the last years to the study and evaluation of CIs for API steel in different corrosive media featuring HCl, H2SO4, H3NSO3H, CO2, H2S, NaCl, and production water under different temperature and flow conditions. Different CIs derived from plant extracts, drugs, nanoparticles, or ionic liquids, mainly destined for acid media, were found. Throughout the review, an exhaustive analysis of inhibition process results is carried out based on gravimetric and/or electrochemical techniques that consider the weight loss of the metallic material and electrical behavior (current density, resistance, capacitance, frequency, impedance, etc.). Likewise, the results of computational analyses and those of surface analysis techniques were taken into account to reinforce the study of CIs.

Electrodeposition of organic corrosion inhibitor prepared from eucalyptus robusta leaves

Eucalyptus Robusta leaves were used as raw material to develop a steel corrosion inhibitor. A straightforward approach was employed to extract organic molecules from Eucalyptus Robusta leaves, which were applied as a protective coating on steel surfaces to inhibit corrosion. The solution containing the organic inhibitor was electrodeposited onto the surfaces of ASTM A36 steel samples, and an investigation into the parameters of charge (positive or negative), voltage (5 or 20 V), and time (5 and 30 min) was conducted through a 23 factorial experiment. Electrodeposited wet and dry samples had their open circuit voltage (OCP) measured in an acid solution and compared with the OCP of samples in which the inhibitor was deposited by simple immersion (deposited samples) and samples without inhibitor (blank samples). All the samples that had contact with the inhibitor increased their OCP values, showing the effectiveness of the deposition of the inhibitor. Nevertheless, the electrodeposition process carried out for 30 min and with a positive charge (anodic) proved to be the most effective in increasing the OCP value. Optical and scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed that the inhibitor solution effectively formed a thin, uniform, compact film on the metal surface. However, occasional deposition anomalies resulted in the formation of protrusions with organic material accumulation. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Tafel curves were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the organic inhibitors. Accelerated corrosion tests in an HCl solution indicated reduced corrosion and the formation of distinct corrosion products for samples with an inhibitor compared to a sample without an inhibitor.