Corrosion Inhibition Of Steel Research Articles

Effect of Cation Types on the Steel Corrosion Inhibition Behavior of Calcined Layered Double Hydroxides in Saturated Calcium Hydroxide Solution

Effect of Cation Types on the Steel Corrosion Inhibition Behavior of Calcined Layered Double Hydroxides in Saturated Calcium Hydroxide Solution

Inhibition of Mild Steel Corrosion by New Epoxy Resin in 1 M HCl: Synthesis, Characterization, Experimental Study and Theoretical Approach

Inhibition of Mild Steel Corrosion by New Epoxy Resin in 1 M HCl: Synthesis, Characterization, Experimental Study and Theoretical Approach

Corrosion Inhibition of X100 Pipeline Steel in 1 M HCl by Two Complexes of Cystine

Corrosion Inhibition of X100 Pipeline Steel in 1 M HCl by Two Complexes of Cystine

Lady’s Mantle Flower as a Biodegradable Plant-Based Corrosion Inhibitor for CO2 Carbon Steel Corrosion

Lady’s Mantle Flower as a Biodegradable Plant-Based Corrosion Inhibitor for CO2 Carbon Steel Corrosion

Effect of ethanolamine as a steel corrosion inhibitor in realkalization of carbonated concrete

ABSTRACT This paper assessed the electromigration behavior of ethanolamine and its efficiency as a corrosion inhibitor of rebar during the realkalization. Cylindrical concrete specimen (diameter 45 mm, height 20 mm) with steel rebar (6 mm in diameter, 35 mm in length) were artificially carbonated and corroded in an accelerated manner with impressed anodic current. The specimens were realkalized in the electrolyte solution containing ethanolamine, while the steel rebars were connected to the cathodic current (200 mA·h, 1 A/m2). After 25 days of monitoring the repair process, experimental data revealed notable changes in electrochemical parameters. The corrosion potential increased from −627 mV to −236 mV, signifying a reduction in corrosion activity. The cathodic exchange current density decreased from 4.9 μA/cm2 to 2.3 μA/cm2, showing a decrease in the corrosion rate. Also, the pH value of the solution dropped to a comparatively lower level, the ethanolamine and potassium ion concentrations decreased from 22 to 30.54 g/L to 3.22 and 10.23 g/L, respectively. Moreover, nitrogen detection on the steel surface and varied levels of ethanolamine concentration at different depths in the concrete were also measured, both indicating a clear migration of inhibitor to the steel surface to form a passive film.

Humic acid as eco‐friendly corrosion inhibitor for EH40 ship plate steel

In this study, a new type of green corrosion inhibitor, namely, sodium humate (SH), was extracted from humus soil, which is a natural humus plant, by dissolution‐neutralization, and then used for corrosion inhibition of low carbon steel in seawater. The corrosion inhibition performance of SH on low carbon steel EH40 in seawater was tested by weight loss method and electrochemical technology. The surface and corrosion products of low carbon steel were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), contact angle and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that SH is a mixed corrosion inhibitor, and the optimum concentration is 2 g L−1. At this concentration, the inhibition rate can reach 93.6%. It mainly affects the semi‐reaction of cathodic corrosion. By forming a corrosion protection layer with uniform adsorption on the surface of EH40 steel, EH40 steel becomes more resistant to seawater corrosion.

Experimental and computational studies of novel cyclic ammonium based ionic liquids as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in acid medium

The challenge of corrosion posed as a result of acidic sittings is considered as a major industrial concern, wherein ionic liquids serve as crucial in addressing the corrosive impacts on metals. In this study, five selected cyclic ammonium based ionic liquids were synthesized; IL-1MPyrBr, IL-1MPipBr, IL-2PyBr, IL-3MPyBr and IL-4MPyBr and their chemical structures were characterized using a variety of spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, IH-NMR, 13C-NMR, Elemental analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Their corrosion inhibition efficiency was studied on carbon steel in 1 M HCl via different concentrations at 298 K using chemical and electrochemical parameters (PDP and EIS). DFT quantum parameters were computed, and the noted results were in complete compatible with the experimental. The synthesized ILs recorded excellent inhibition on the carbon steel corrosion in acidic media with increasing efficiency by increasing the inhibitor concentrations from 20 to 100 ppm. Different cations in the synthesized ILs affect the anti-corrosion effect and IL-3MPyBr showed the highest inhibition (ηR); 96.12% using the lowest concentration. Kinetic and thermodynamic considerations were studied and illustrated.

Bio-based ionic liquid as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 5% HCl solution: Experimental and theoretical investigation

In pickling conditions, corrosion inhibitors are commonly used to mitigate the corrosive effects of the acidic environment on metal surfaces. Green corrosion inhibitors are substances that provide corrosion protection while being environmentally friendly, often derived from renewable resources or having minimal environmental impact. Ionic liquids are a class of green corrosion inhibitors that have gained attention for their potential in corrosion protection due to their unique properties. In this study, we synthesized a bio-based choline hexanoate ionic liquid (referred to as ChH) and used FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy to elucidate its structure. Further the effectiveness of ChH IL was examined in preventing MS corrosion in 5% HCl at 20–80 °C. The corrosion behavior of MS was examined using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and EIS measurements. Increasing inhibitor concentration and temperatures improved the inhibition performance. The highest efficiency i.e., 98.16% was observed at 3.3 × 10−3 M of ChH at 60 °C. To verify the adsorption of ChH on the MS further investigations were done using FT-IR, Raman, and XPS analysis.

Unlocking the power of Inula Viscosa essential oil: A green solution for corrosion inhibition in XC48 steel within acidic environments

A sustainable corrosion inhibitor for XC48 steel in a 1 M HCl environment was effectively formulated using the essential oil of Inula viscosa (IVEO), as corroborated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results. This novel application was assessed via multiple techniques: mass loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with an attenuated total reflectance accessory (FT-IR/ATR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for surface examination. The plant extract’s inhibitory capacity raised in proportion to its concentration, as confirmed by both mass loss and electrochemical investigations. This trend reached a high point at a 97% inhibitory efficiency at a concentration of 400 ppm at 298 K. FTIR, XRD, SEM/EDS, and AFM analyses further validated the binding of this eco-friendly inhibitor onto the steel surface, which exhibited mixed-type characteristics, thus elucidating its exceptional inhibitory performance. The Langmuir isotherm model aptly fitted the adsorption analysis, indicating the development of an organic protective layer. Advances computational calculations of various quantum chemical parameters for the key ingredients of the essential oil added to the understanding of the link between adsorption and corrosion inhibition.

Experimental and theoretical insights into Artemisia Stems aqueous extract as a sustainable and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1M HCl environment.

The present research demonstrates an innovative investigation of environmentally friendly mild steel (M-steel) corrosion inhibition using the artemisia stems aqueous extract (ASAEx) as an inhibitor in hydrochloric acid 1M. The standard extraction technique of hydrodistillation was used for producing the aqueous solutions of ASAEx. To assess the ratios of the chemical components, phytochemical screening was used to identify the stems of this plant. We used a variety of methods and techniques in our research on corrosion inhibition, including weight loss measures, surface analysis methods like XPS and SEM/EDS, electrochemical testing like PDP and EIS, as well as computational lead compound evaluation. Maximum inhibitory efficacy was achieved with 400mg/L ASAEx in 1M HCl at 303K, i.e. 90%. The PDP investigation verified the mixed-kind inhibitor status of the ASAEx extract. To describe the surface of M-steel, fitting and synthetic data were used to identify a constant phase element (CPE). SEM surface analysis was also used to detect the ASAEx effect on the surface of M-steel. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis shows the presence of trace molecules of ASAEx on M-steel surface characterizing the bands in Maj-ASAEx (major compound of ASAEx). Density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) were used in computational chemistry to clarify the adsorption mechanism and inhibitory impact.

Inhibition performance of a novel quinoxaline derivative for carbon steel corrosion in 1 M HCl

In this work, the effect of a new quinoxaline derivative, 2-phenyl-3-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy) quinoxaline (PYQX), was evaluated as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel (CS) in 1 M HCl electrolyte. Weight loss measurement, atomic absorption spectroscopy, potentio­dynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy were employed to assess the inhibitory activity. The electronic properties of the interaction between the inhibitor molecule and the CS substrate were studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, density functional theory (DFT), and Fukui functions. According to AC impedance experiments, the inhibitor under consideration showed a maximum level of 98.1 % inhibition efficiency at 1 mM and 30 °C. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model explains the adsorption of PYQX on the CS surface. A slope of 1 denotes a strong molecule-substrate interaction, suggesting that the binding occurs at specific surface locations. To understand the functioning of the adsorption mechanism, various thermodynamic and activation parameters were evaluated. PDP tests demonstrated that PYQX functions as a mixed-type inhibitor. Computational correlations (DFT, MD, and Fukui indices) supported the experimental findings.

Synthesis and study of the inhibitory properties of a new Schiff base for C45 carbon steel in 1 M HCl

A newly Schiff base 1, 13-bis-[(4-dimethylamino) benzaldehyde 4, 7, 10-trioxatridecane-diimine] (DABT) was synthesized and characterized on the basis of the results of FT-IR, mass spectroscopy (MS), 1HNMR and 13CNMR. The desired performance of the organic compound DABT which is easy, inexpensive to prepare and eco-friendly, as a corrosion inhibitor for C45 carbon steel in 1 M HCl medium was evaluated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The results suggest that the corrosion inhibition effectiveness increases with increasing inhibitor concentration and decreases with increasing temperature. The polarization experiments demonstrate that DABT exhibits the characteristics of a mixed-type inhibitor and follows the Langmuir isotherm in its adsorption behavior. Contact angle measurement revealed that the inhibitor on the surface of the carbon steel is hydrophobic. The synergistic effect of DABT has been investigated; inhibitory efficiency rises with increasing concentration of KI by competitive adsorption to form a layer of protection on the metal surface. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) combined with scanning electron microscope (SEM) was utilized to interpret the morphological study of the carbon steel surface. A good correlation was found between theoretical [Density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamics simulation (MDS)] and experimental findings.

Utilization of Extract from Bushcane (Costus Afer) as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel

Corrosion has adverse environmental consequences since it affects the manufacturing sector resulting in enormous economic loss. The corrosion characteristics and mechanism of mild in the solution of hydrochloric acid was studied. Extract of bush cane (Costus afer) was screened for physicochemical and phytochemical properties and utilized as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel, the process was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The presence of OH, NH of alcohols, phenols, or substituents connected to aromatic rings, C=O for amides and ketones, C-N of aliphatic amines, and C=C of alkenes and nitriles were shown using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The optimum condition was found by minimizing time, temperature, inhibitor concentration and corrosion rate while maximizing weight loss, and inhibitor efficiency. The results obtained revealed that the bush cane extract contain saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid and tannin, which suggests the potency of the extract as a good inhibitor as it contains a considerable amount of phytochemical with basic heteroatom. The statistical significance of the weight loss, corrosion rate and inhibitor efficiency were evaluated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). it was observed that the regression was statistically significant at the F-value of 94.60, 25.87 and 4.72 respectively. P-value of > 0.0235, > 0.0001 and 0.0265 respectively. The optimum temperature, inhibitor concentration and contact time were found to be 27.9°C, 20.0% and 5 hours respectively at desirability value of 0.637. At this optimum condition, the weight loss was found to be 0.102%, corrosion rate was 1.583mg/cm<sup>2</sup>hr and inhibitor efficiency was 62.9%. From the results obtained in this experiment, It is concluded that the bushcane extract can be used as a corrosion inhibitor for the protection of mild steel.

An electrochemical, and surface studies of synthesized Gemini ionic liquid as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in petroleum field

In this work, we study the efficiency of N1, N3-dibenzyl-N1, N1, N3, N3-tetramethylpropane-1,3-diaminium chloride, as anticorrosion. This compound exhibits potential as a prospective remedy to stop the deterioration of carbon steel caused by corrosion in 1.0 M HCl. The synthesis of this compound is described in a comprehensive manner, and its composition is supported by a range of precise analytical approaches such as elemental analysis, and mass spectroscopy. Based on the findings of the investigation, the synthesized Gemini ionic liquid demonstrates a robust capacity to slow down the rate at which the metal corrodes. The Prepared compound was evaluation by electrochemical and morphology study. Our results revealed that elevating the inhibitor concentration led to an augmentation in inhibition effectiveness, reaching up to 94.8% at 200 ppm of the synthesized compound at 298 K. It is crucial to emphasize that the recently prepared Gemini ionic liquid is consistent with the Langmuir adsorption model and function as a mixed inhibitor, participating in the physio-chemisorption process of adsorption.

Investigating the Effects of Urea-Zinc Sulfate-L Phenylalanine on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel Exposed to pH-4 Sulfuric Acid

Background: Corrosion of mild steel is a risk to material and stability. The practice of corrosion inhibitors is a cost-effective corrosion modification method for mild steel. Organic inhibitors rich in electrons might have an excellent ability to prevent corrosion. This study aims to assess the inhibitory effect of the mixture of Urea, Zinc Sulfate, and L-Phenylalanine, which has a high electron density Methods: MS corrosion was experimentally performed using H2SO4 at a pH of 4. Different gravimetric and conventional techniques, such as polarization, AC impedance AFM, UV, and fluorescence, were used to examine the studied data. Results: According to gravimetric measurements, this combination produced 93% effective inhibition. The findings of the impedance test proved that the mixture of inhibitors that was adsorbed on the metal surface effectively prevented corrosion. Conclusion: Likewise, according to the Polarization measurements, the inhibitor exhibits mixed-type performance with significant cathodic activity. UV, Fluorescence, and AFM findings showed that MS corrosion was suppressed because the inhibitor molecule adhered to the metal's surface and reduced.

Corrosion Inhibition Performance of Brachystegia eurycoma Leaf Extract on Mild Steel in Acid Media

The aim of this work is to investigate the corrosion inhibition of B. eurycoma leaves extract as a natural inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in 3 M H2SO4 solution. The corrosion inhibitory activity was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization. The surface roughness and its properties through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained result from EIS divulges that the gradual increase in inhibitor concentration and time of immersion leads to progressive increase in inhibition efficiency. At the end of 8 hours immersion time and inhibitor concentration of 1000 mg/l the highest inhibition efficiency of (88%) was obtained. The potentiodynamic polarization results indicated that addition of B. eurycoma leaves extracts hindered the reaction rates of anodic and cathodic reactions thereby performing as mixed- type inhibitor. The corrosion current density also revealed that in the presence of B. eurycoma leaves extracts the value of corrosion density reduced considerably from 265.2 \(\mu\) A/cm2 for sample without inhibitor to 67.8 \(\mu\) A/cm2 for sample with inhibitor. Again, it was observed that in the presence B. eurycoma leaves extracts the mechanism of hydrogen (effervescence) evolution was unique whereas the anodic dissolution of iron mechanism experienced the impact of the inhibitor. SEM inspection revealed that the mild steel surface showed smoother and lower damage in the presence of inhibitor. Obvious correlations were found between corrosion inhibition efficiency and some quantum chemical parameters such as energy of highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO), energy gap (EL–H) and electronic density etc. The obtained results were further elucidated with frontier molecular orbital theory.

Synthesis, scale and corrosion inhibition evaluation and mechanism of 2-aminobenzimidazole modified polyaspartic acid

With the growing public concern for environmental preservation, this work employs environmentally friendly polyaspartic acid (PASP) as the main chain, to develop a green and efficient dual-function inhibitor with scale and corrosion inhibition. The new inhibitor PASP-2-A was synthesized by grafting 2-amino-benzimidazole (2-A) containing nitrogen heterocyclic into polysuccinimide under alkaline conditions. The corrosion inhibition of carbon steel and brass was determined by static test, polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It can be found that PASP-2-A had better scale inhibition performance than PASP under different conditions. The addition of 5 mg·L−1 PASP-2-A can almost 100% prevent the formation of CaCO3 scale. Molecular dynamics simulation results showed that PASP-2-A significantly destroys the crystal structure of CaCO3 scale due to the coordination between PASP-2-A and Ca2+ groups. The modified PASP scale inhibitor can prevent the growth of calcite (110) and (104) crystal faces, regulate the transformation of CaCO3 from stable calcite to more soluble spherical vaterite, making it less deposit. The electrochemical test results showed that the corrosion inhibition of PASP-2-A is greatly improved compared with PASP, and the corrosion inhibition of Q235 carbon steel increased about 40% at the dosage of 200 ppm. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of H62 brass in 3.5 wt% NaCl was 97.97% with 300 ppm PASP-2-A. Notably, due to its degradable nature, low toxicity, and affordability, PASP-2-A serves as an excellent inhibitor, exhibiting remarkable performance in both scale inhibition and corrosion inhibition. Consequently, it presents a promising avenue for further advancements in modified PASP.

Synthesis and characterization of selenium-polyvinyl alcohol nanoparticles as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1.0 M H2SO4

Selenium nanoparticles capped with polyvinyl alcohol (Se-PVA NPs) have been synthesized by chemical reduction using ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, DLS, zeta potential, FT-IR, and TEM analysis and found to be stable. The solution of Se-PVA NPs was used as a carbon steel corrosion inhibitor in 1.0 M H2SO4. The effect of the presence of Se-PVA NPs in the corrosion medium was studied by potentiodynamic polarization and gravimetric analyses In the presence of Se-PVA NPs with a concentration of 600 ppm at 303 K, corrosion inhibition efficiency values of 92.86 % and 92.3 % were recorded by potentiodynamic polarization and gravimetric analysis methods, respectively. Over the Se-PVA NPs concentration range 100–600 ppm, it was found that increasing the concentration increases the inhibition efficiency, while the temperature has an adverse effect, inhibition efficiency values of 80.0 % was recorded at 323 K for the 600 ppm Se-PVA NPs solution. The potentiodynamic polarization measurements suggested that Se-PVA NPs work as a mixed-type inhibitor. The corrosion inhibition process was confirmed by testing the used specimens’ metal surface using SEM and AFM techniques, which showed that the acidic medium’s negative impact (distortion and roughness) on the carbon steel surface was reduced significantly in the presence of Se-PVA NPs. The inhibitor’s adsorption on the metal surface was studied. It obeys the Langmuir isotherm with a mixed-type adsorption process. The related kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were investigated.

In-situ biosynthesized plant exudate gums‑silver nanocomposites as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium

Natural gums due to availability, multifunctionality, and nontoxicity are multifaceted in application. In corrosion inhibition applications, their performance, in unmodified form is unsatisfactory because of high hydration rate, solubility issues, algal and microbial contamination, as well as thermal instability. This work attempts to enhance the inhibitive performance of Berlinia grandiflora (BEG) and cashew (CEG) exudate gums through various modification approaches. The potential of biogenic BEG and CEG gums−silver (Ag) nanocomposites (NCPs) for corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M HCl is studied. The nanocomposites were characterized using the FTIR, UV–vis, and TEM techniques. The corrosion studies through the gravimetric and electrochemical (PDP, EIS, LPR, and EFM) analyses reveal moderate inhibition performance by the nanocomposites. Furthermore, the PDP results reveal that both inhibitors are mixed-type with maximum corrosion inhibition efficiencies (IEs) of 61.2 % and 54.2 % for BEG-Ag NCP and CEG-Ag NCP, respectively at an optimum concentration of 1.0 %. Modification of these inhibitors with iodide ion (KI) significantly increased the IE values to 90.1 % and 88.5 % for BEG-Ag NCP and CEG-Ag NCP at the same concentration. Surface observation of the uninhibited and inhibited steel samples using SEM/EDAX, 3D Surface profilometer, and AFM affirm that the modified nanocomposites are highly effective.

Influence of metal ions on cysteine as a corrosion inhibitor for low carbon steel in sulfuric acid: Polarization, EIS, XPS, and DFT analysis

This study examines the effectiveness of cysteine as an eco-friendly in inhibiting the corrosion of low-carbon steel in a sulfuric acid solution and the impact of adding various metal ions (Cu2+, Ni2+, and Co2+) to the media. All solutions were prepared using distilled water. The results show that 5 mM cysteine inhibits corrosion (IE = 65%), increasing to 93.5% in the presence of 4×10-5 M Cu2+ ions, but decreasing with the addition of Co2+ or Ni2+ ions. The inhibitive action of cysteine-Cu is the best one and that may be attributed to the formation of a protective coating on the metal surface, which prevents chemical reactions in an aggressive environment. Moreover, the DFT calculation found that the adsorption energy increased from −17.2 to −97.7 and −104.6 kcal/mol in the case of cysteine, Cysteine-Cu SAM, and Cysteine-Cu(II) Salt and the closest atom to the surface reduced from 2.576 to 2.128 and 2.146 Å which indicates Cysteine-Cu better adhere to the surface. SEM, XRD, and XPS were used to analyze the formation of the protective layer. This has the potential to develop new and more effective corrosion inhibitors for industrial applications.