Correct Course Research Articles

The role of antenatal education as a prevention of emerging disorders during pregnancy

Introduction. The presented work is the result of a literature`s studies in the field of feeding pregnant women and experimental analysis on their knowledge and health behaviors. The study highlighted the importance of preventive actions by medical staff and school instructors in giving birth to the education of future mothers. The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge of pregnant women about the principles of proper nutrition. The analysis verified the ability to use the obtained data in the daily life of the respondents.
 Materials and method. The research group consisted of 101 pregnant women, including 51 patients from one of the Poznan`s Hospitals of Gynecological and Obstetrics Department and 50 participants of Birth School in the same city. The research tool was an authoritative questionnaire that included questions about the knowledge of pregnant women about the impact of a rational diet for a developing fetus.
 Results. On the basis of the data obtained it can be stated that students of childbirth schools were more willing and more likely to undertake pro-health activities than those who were never participants in such courses. The effectiveness of knowledge transfer by professionals is an important element of prevention of disorders during pregnancy. In educational programs, emphasis should be placed on the practical application of the acquired knowledge.
 Conclusions. The future mother should have clearly defined goals and principles in the rush of all the information. Thanks to them she will be able to consciously and without risk of complications as a result of bad eating habits, survive the period of nine consecutive months and enjoy the correct course of pregnancy and its completion.

Using LiDAR System as a Data Source for Agricultural Land Boundaries

In this study, LiDAR sensor data were used to identify agricultural land boundaries. This is a remote sensing method using a pulsating laser directed toward the ground. This study focuses on accurately determining the edges of parcels using only the point cloud, which is an original approach because the point cloud is a scattered set, which may complicate finding those points that define the course of a straight line defining the parcel boundary. The innovation of the approach is the fact that no data from other sources are supported. At the same time, a unique contribution of the research is the attempt to automate the complex process of detecting the edges of parcels. The first step was to classify the data, using intensity, and define land use boundaries. Two approaches were decided, for two test fields. The first test field was a rectangular shaped parcel of land. In this approach, pixels describing each edge of the plot separately were automatically grouped into four parts. The edge description was determined using principal component analysis. The second test area was the inner subdivision plot. Here, the Hough Transform was used to emerge the edges. Obtained boundaries, both for the first and the second test area, were compared with the boundaries from the Polish land registry database. Performed analyses show that proposed algorithms can define the correct course of land use boundaries. Analyses were conducted for the purpose of control in the system of direct payments for agriculture (Integrated Administration Control System—IACS). The aim of the control is to establish the borders and areas of croplands and to verify the declared group of crops on a given cadastral parcel. The proposed algorithm—based solely on free LiDAR data—allowed the detection of inconsistencies in farmers’ declarations. These mainly concerned areas of field roads that were misclassified by farmers as subsidized land, when in fact they should be excluded from subsidies. This is visible in both test areas with areas belonging to field roads with an average width of 1.26 and 3.01 m for test area no. 1 and 1.31, 1.15, 1.88, and 2.36 m for test area no. 2 were wrongly classified as subsidized by farmers.

The Pharmacogenomics Aspects of Drugs Used in COVID-19 Treatment

The increase in mortality and morbidity related to the novel COVID-19 virus led researchers to work ondeveloping new therapies to destroy the virus. Numerous clinical trials have started to find drugs that willeffectively treat the signs and symptoms of the virus. This review aims to summarize the pharmacogenomicaspects of drugs such as hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, azithromycin, remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin,lopinavir/ritonavir, darunavir/cobicistat, interferon beta-1b, tocilizumab, ruxolitinib, baricitinib, andcorticosteroids used in the treatment of this virus. The data will be collected from various websites such asPubMed, Lancet, WHO website, PharmGKB website, IDSA Guidelines on the treatment & management ofCOVID-19 Patients, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) product labeling, and pharmacogenomicstables. Incomplete data exists related to the efficacy and safety of these drugs and healthcare providers arestruggling to make the right treatment choices. Drug-gene variants may alter the pharmacokinetics andsafety of some drugs and thus produce adverse drug reactions. Therefore, pharmacogenomics may helpdoctors decide the correct course of treatment by knowing the genetic makeup of an individual. This caneventually help to eliminate adverse drug reactions and reduce the mortality rate. J MEDICINE 2022; 23: 61-76

Hidden blood loss in extreme lateral interbody fusion for adult spinal deformity

BackgroundExtreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) is often used with posterior spinal fixation (PSF) to treat adult spinal deformity (ASD). However, the amount of intraoperative blood loss (IBL) reported for XLIF may underestimate the total blood loss (TBL). The objective of this study was to determine the total perioperative blood loss in XLIF for ASD. MethodsWe assessed 30 consecutive ASD patients with Schwab-SRS type L (mean age: 68.7 ± 8.2 years; mean follow-up 2.0 ± 1.3 years) who were treated by multilevel XLIF (mean, 2.5 ± 0.6 levels) followed by PSF after 3–5 days. We calculated the TBL after XLIF by the Gross equation, by hemoglobin (Hb) balance, and by the Orthopedic Surgery Transfusion Hemoglobin European Overview (OSTHEO) formula. We defined hidden blood loss (HBL) as the difference between the TBL and IBL. Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to investigate the risk factors related to HBL. ResultsPost-XLIF blood tests showed a significant decrease in the Hb (from 11.8 ± 1.1 mg/dl to 10.6 ± 1.1 mg/dl) and hematocrit (from 36.0 ± 3.2% to 32.5 ± 3.2%). Although the mean IBL was relatively small (33 ± 52 mL), we calculated the TBL as 291 ± 171 mL (Gross equation) and the HBL as 258 ± 168 mL by Gross equation, which was 8 times greater than the IBL on average. There was no difference in the results obtained using the three methods. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated preoperative lumber lordosis was the risk factor of high HBL (Odds ratio = 1.085, 95%CI: 1.006–1.170, p = 0.035). ConclusionsThe HBL in XLIF was 8 times greater than the IBL. During the perioperative course of correction and fusion surgery for ASD with XLIF, surgeons need to pay attention not to underestimate the TBL.

MOL-PCR and xMAP technology – a novel approach to the detection of African swine fever virus DNA

African swine fever (ASF) is highly contagious haemorrhagic viral disease of domestic pigs and wild boars. The causative agent can be transmitted by direct contact with infected animals or via a contaminated environment, fomites, feed, meat and products thereof. Soft ticks (genus Ornithodoros) are known reservoirs and transmission vectors of the virus. As the disease causes serious problems in many countries, rapid detection of the agent and early diagnosis could help in prevention of its spread. Therefore, a multiple-analyte profile (xMAP) technology based on multiple oligonucleotide ligation followed by polymerase chain reaction (MOL-PCR) was introduced and verified. A system targeting two independent loci of the virus genome was designed to increase the likelihood of different strains detection and an internal control was employed to verify the correct course of the analysis. The sensitivity was experimentally determined as 10 genomic copies of the virus in one µl of isolated DNA. The system was verified on samples originating from a recent ASF outbreak in the Czech Republic (six spleen) and the Czech market (eight liver and heart tissues) with real-time polymerase chain reaction used as a reference method. The results of both methods were in agreement, even in samples with a low concentration of the virus genome (9.45 × 101 genomic copies/µl of DNA). The system introduced represents an open method allowing the detection and semi-quantification of up to 50 targets/agents in one reaction. It can, therefore, be used for rapid one-step screening and as an effective tool for risk management.

CORRECTION OF AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION IN OVERWEIGHT CHILDREN BY NORMALIZING BODY COMPOSITION.

The aim: To investigated the effect of a 3-month body weight correction program on the functional state of the ANS in children of primary school age who had an increased body mass index and signs of autonomic dysfunction. Materials and methods: 82 children aged 9 to 11 were examined. During 3 months, all examinees underwent a body weight correction course. Body composition was mea¬sured by the bioimpedance method using the body composition analyzer «TANITA-BC-601» (Japan). The functional state of autonomic regulation was assessed using heart rate variability (HRV) indicators obtained by recording standard 5-minute ECG intervals using the computer hardware and software complex "CARDIOLAB" (XAI-MEDICA, Ukraine). Results: Statistical processing of HRV indicators showed that 51 children (62.2%) had signs of autonomic dysfunction. In the first group, there was a statistically significant decrease in body weight (from 47.33±4.62 to 44.12±3.96), BMI (from 28.15±2.64 to 26.63±2.87), TFC (from 33.54±3.68 to 30.89±2.81), VF (from 7.056±1.814 to 4.817±2.017) with a simultaneous statistically probable increase in the FFM index (from 60.27±2.47 to 63.15±2,38). According to the time domain indicators of HRV, children in first group have increased the TP of autonomous heart rhythm regulation, as indicated by a statistically significant increase in SDNN from 38.43±6.39 ms to 51.65±7.19 ms (р<0.05); the activity of the sympathetic link of the ANS decreased according to AMo from 41.23±6.17% to 34.29±5.83% (р<0.05) and the intensity of autonomic regulation according to IS, which decreased from 116.3±31,6 units to 81.2±29.1 units (p<0.05). Conclusions: 3-month body weight correction program led to the elimination of signs of autonomic dysfunction in 43.9% of the examined persons.

Conservative Treatment of Low Back Pain with Incidental Finding of Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis: A Case Report

Low back pain affects 630 million people worldwide and may result in a physical, social, or psychological liability to those people [1]. Patients with lower back pain commonly will have a higher incidence of functional disability, psychosocial issues, and decreased work productivity [1]. The clinician muscle must provide the correct course of treatment for the patient, clinician [2]. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a noninflammatory condition resulting from a pathologic calcification and ossification of areas of the spine and possibly other joints [3]. Several risk factors in developing DISH are advanced age, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and genetics [4,5]. Individuals with DISH are typically asymptomatic; however, a study of two hundred individuals diagnosed with DISH demonstrated that 72% were experiencing back pain and 84% reported overall spinal stiffness [3,4]. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis is an incidental finding in imaging in which the pathogenesis is currently not known [3,4]. To diagnose DISH in the spine it is required to observe at least three bony bridges at the anterolateral spine [4]. The bony bridges are viewed as osteophytes on the anterior portion of the spine [3]. DISH in the cervical spine may lead to symptoms such as dysphagia or upper airway obstruction [3]. Additionally, in the spine DISH has been linked to compression of neural structures resulting in myeloradiculopathy [3]. Structurally, this can lead to spinal stenosis, and spinal cord or nerve root compression [3].Currently, there is one published article describing chiropractic treatment of DISH with flexion distraction technique [6]. Al-Herz et al. [7] discussed exercise therapy for patients with DISH. Additionally, Le et al. [3] discussed, briefly, several strategies for the management of DISH. Current literature does not combine instrument-assisted manipulation, soft tissue therapy, and exercise therapy for the management of DISH. Therefore the purpose of this article is to demonstrate the effectiveness of exercise and manual therapy for the treatment of DISH related pain and dysfunction.

Pseudohypoparathyroidism: a diagnosis to consider once a PTH elevation is detected.

Background and aim:Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a rare disease, which can occur in the youth, characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH) in target organs. This condition encompasses different conditions which differ between one another by different clinical, biochemically, and genetic features.Methods:Herein we report the clinical history of a boy with PHP1B with an interesting clinical presentation. He came in fact to the attention of the Emergency Department because of a spontaneously resolving epileptic attack, lasting about 15 minutes, characterized by loss of consciousness, fall to the ground, tonic-clonic shocks, and sphincter release. Moreover, the personal history was characterized by congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS), with a documented mutation of the KCNQ1 gene, treated with beta-blockers (nadolol).Results:The simultaneous presence of symptomatic acute hypocalcemia and long QT syndrome undoubtedly required particular attention both in the management of the onset and in the more in-depth subsequent diagnostics. In this regard, laboratory tests and molecular analyzes have proved to be crucial in the diagnostic process.Conclusions:this case underlines the diagnostic path complexity in patients with PTH elevation and the importance of considering all the possible differential diagnoses in order to undertake a timely and correct course of treatment. (www.actabiomedica.it).

Ethics in Psychiatric Research.

Ethics in Psychiatric Research.

Features of the course and measures of correction of the neurological syndrome in Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia associated with H. Pylori

Features of the course and measures of correction of the neurological syndrome in Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia associated with H. Pylori

Vitamin B12 in the treatment and prevention of cognitive disorders in the elderly

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency is a common condition in the elderly. Contrary to the established point of view, the absence of hematological changes (macrocytic anemia) does not always necessarily exclude this condition. Damage of the nervous system with the development of a complex of neurological and mental disorders is observed even at borderline levels of vitamin in blood. It is known, that vitamin deficiency is important risk factor of dementia. Cobalamin deficiency can directly lead to cognitive damage or accelerate development of dementia due to the other brain pathology - Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia. The review provides information on the biological role of cobalamin in the human body, the prevalence of vitamin deficiency, especially in the elderly patients, and methods of its diagnosis and management. Both traditional parenteral therapy regimens and the possibility of oral intake of cobalamin in the course of deficiency correction are discussed.

Odontogenic Keratocyst Is Frequently Misdiagnosed for a Lateral Periodontal Cyst in Premolar and Anterior Tooth-Bearing Areas

IntroductionRadiolucent lesions with gingival swelling found in the premolar and intercanine region can elicit a different clinical diagnosis than one confirmed by histologic findings. The purpose of the study is to identify and present the frequency of the unexpected microscopic diagnosis of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) in a location preoperatively favoring a lateral periodontal cyst (LPC) with similar clinical and radiographic appearance. MethodsA retrospective analysis of biopsies received from 2011 and 2019 was performed, and the number of LPC and OKC cases was assessed. The alignment of clinical and radiographic diagnosis to histologic findings and anatomic location was analyzed, and the number of OKC cases preoperatively misdiagnosed as LPCs was identified. ResultsA total of 79,257 biopsies were received. Of those, 184 were diagnosed as LPCs and 742 as OKCs. For all preoperatively diagnosed LPCs, the clinical and histologic diagnosis aligned; however, 182 of 742 OKCs were submitted with a clinical misdiagnosis of LPCs. The location of these lesions with the unanticipated diagnosis overlapped with those for LPCs, specifically the maxillary and mandibular anterior and premolar regions. ConclusionsRadiolucent lesions with gingival swelling in the premolar and intercanine region are frequently clinically and radiographically misdiagnosed. A biopsy should be considered in all cases to establish the correct pathologic diagnosis and treatment course.

Проблемы развития ESG-банкинга и управления ESG-рисками в коммерческих банках

ESG-transformation is taking place in all areas of the economy. Banks must become examples and guides in conducting business in an environmentally, socially and governance manner. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to determine the correct course and implement the principles of ESG-banking, including in the practice of risk management of commercial banks, taking into account the long-term consequences of today's actions for global economic and natural systems. Scientific novelty lies in the development of incentive measures and support for ESG-banking, taking into account the analysis of world experience. As a result, the validity of the introduction of ESG-banking and ESG-risk management, their impact on increasing stability in the country's economic sector has been proved. The article identifies the limitations that are most relevant for the Russian market due to the novelty of the ESG-concept in the domestic banking sector.

Glosa do postanowienia Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z dnia 13 listopada 2013 r., II OZ 974/13 (LEX nr 1398284)

The thesis of the commented judgement concerns issues which are significant in the practice of examining an application in the course of administrative court proceedings regarding a request for reinstatement of the deadline. The first is a need to settle the beginning of the term for submitting such a request, the second – the method of examining the application for reinstatement of the deadline in the event of the impossibility to determine whether the deadline for its submission has been met. In the jurisprudence, it is consonantly assumed that the formal condition of an application for the reinstatement of the deadline is that the circumstances justifying the admissibility of the application are plausible due to the observance of the one-week deadline for its submission from the date of expiration of the cause of the deadline failure. According to Art. 49 § 1 of the Act of 30 August 2002 – Law on proceedings before administrative courts, if the letter of a party cannot receive the correct course due to failure to observe formal conditions, the chairman shall request the party to supplement or correct it within seven days under pain of leaving the letter unprocessed. The Supreme Administrative Court reasonably decided that if the content of the application cannot infer an exact moment in which the cause of the deadline failure ceased to exist, it should be examined on the merits. Equally, there are no grounds for rejecting the application as belated, based on Art. 88 of the Law on proceedings before administrative courts, because the fact of submitting the application after the deadline cannot be presumed.

Long-term dental implications of infant oral mutilation: a case series.

Infant oral mutilation (IOM) is a ritual ceremony practised mostly in African cultures, in which the primary tooth bud of the deciduous canine is extracted. Complications and risks of IOM include pain, heavy bleeding and infection that may deteriorate to life-threating conditions. The main long-term consequence of IOM is future dental abnormalities. The scientific literature lacks in-depth analyses of the dental sequelae of this practice among adults who underwent it, and particularly of the aspect of dental treatment. Eight new cases of IOM are presented in this case series, with emphasis on dental diagnosis and treatment modalities. We describe different outcomes of this practice, such as enamel hypoplasia and crown deformations with later necrosis and infection of the root canal system, severe discolouration, immature root apex, impaction of a canine, failure of development and missing lower permanent incisors and canines, an odontoma-like structure, severe periodontal defect and root dilaceration. Familiarity with the practice of IOM is vital in order to identify its manifestations and arrive at the correct diagnosis and optimal course of treatment.

O-019 COVID – Impact on reproduction and reproductive practice

textA highly infectious novel coronavirus (now referred to as SARS-CoV-2) was first noted in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and by March 11, 2020, was declared a global pandemic by the WHO. The widespread community transmission of a virus, new to our species, continues to raise urgent questions about implications for pregnant women and those considering conception. Almost immediately, international committees, including ASRM and ESHRE, drew up guidelines to protect the public and our patients. Across the globe, clinics were closed, patients turned away and questions regarding spread of the virus, safety during early pregnancy and potential impact on fertility and pregnancy began to arise. Where are we now? What have we learned? And what more do we need to know to improve our ability to care for and counsel our patients?Clinic Practice – While there was considerable controversy in the U.S., closing clinics was the correct course of action when an unknown virus had entered our countries and so little was known and resources (think NY, think Italy) were inadequate. The majority of clinics pivoted to more virtual visits and stopped transfers and retrievals. The duration of these changes varied across states and countries, with most clinics now functioning at full capacity for procedures but still utilizing virtual visits for many patients. We will discuss what we learned from this process, including impact on clinics and patients, as well as the greater community in which we all live.Pregnancy – The physiology of pregnancy, including increased heart rate and oxygen consumption, decreased lung capacity and a shift away from cell-mediated immunity, all increased the risk for severe illness. Studies have now shown this increased risk for severe disease, mechanical ventilation and even death in pregnant women compared with their non-pregnant counterparts. Additionally, there is increased risk for pre-term labor and fetal death. Studies suggest infection earlier in pregnancy increases risk for complications. What about our patients? The first trimester is a highly critical period for fetal development. As a result, infectious and non-infectious exposures, occurring during the first trimester, are most likely to lead to severe effects on fetal development. Preliminary results no increased risk for pregnancy loss and no effect on nuchal translucency. However, some studies have shown the possibility of vertical transmission and increase in fetal inflammation. We will review the literature and update on current understanding of first trimester exposure and consequences for both mother and child.Infertility – SARS-CoV-2 utilizes the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor for viral entry. The ACE2 receptor is present in both the male and female reproductive systems. Early case studies of severe cases of COVID-19 identified orchitis, while the presence in non-fatal disease remains controversial. Lowered sperm counts have been identified and some studies have found SARS-CoV-2 viral particles in the semen. ACE2 receptor is present in both the ovary and the endometrium, while infection is possible, there have been few studies specifically looking at these endpoints and no clear risk identified for women.Vaccination – The rapid development and deployment of effective vaccination has brought hope to end the pandemic, even as new variants are arising. While vaccine hesitancy is common in many places, the mis-information regarding association between vaccines and infertility has hit our field particularly hard. Updating information to share with our patients, colleagues and friends will be critical to move forward and combat the pandemic.Trial registration numberStudy fundingFunding source

Study of the peculiarities of the osteopathic status in patients with planovalgus deformity of the feet in combination with a history of placement torticollis and without such a combination

Introduction. The relevance of the feet planovalgus deformity problem is caused by its prevalence and tendency to progression, insufficient knowledge of a number of aspects, and the complexity of treatment. Another urgent pediatric orthopedics problem is the placement torticollis in infants, and the possible relationship of this problem with feet planovalgus deformity. Among the least studied aspects of these diseases categories it is necessary to highlight the problem of the peculiarities of the osteopathic status in children with feet planovalgus deformity with a history of placement torticollis, and the dynamics of clinical manifestations during their osteopathic correction.The aim of the research was to study the features of the osteopathic status in patients with planovalgus deformity of the feet in combination with a history of placement torticollis and without such a combination, and to evaluate the clinical efficacy of complex therapy, including osteopathic correction.Materials and methods. The study involved 60 patients aged 7–14 years with planovalgus deformity of the feet. The study participants were divided into two groups. The first group included 30 patients with planovalgus deformity of the feet and a history of placement torticollis. The second group included 30 patients with planovalgus deformity of the feet, who did not have a history of torticollis. All study participants received complex therapy (orthopedic treatment and osteopathic correction). At the beginning and at the end of the course of osteopathic correction, the condition of the arch of the foot (the severity of fl at feet) and osteopathic status were assessed in all study participants.Results. In the first group there were prevailed somatic dysfunctions (SD) of the head region, the detection rate was 86%, the pelvic region (somatic component — C), 76 %, and the neck region (C), 13 %. Among the second group participants there were prevailed SD of the pelvic region (C) — the detection rate was 100 %, the lower extremities, 43 %, and the lumbar region (C), 13 %. The SD in the pelvic region was the most typical; however, more often (p&lt;0,05) this dysfunction was detected in the second group. The number of regional SD in general was statistically significant (p&lt;0,05) more in the first group. The participants in both groups were most characterized by local SD of the vertebrae (76 and 100 %) and fibula (20 and 56 %). There was a statistically significant (p&lt;0,05) difference between patients in terms of the detection frequency of these musculoskeletal system dysfunctions. Among the local SD of the craniosacral system and organs of the head, intraosseous SD (90 and 17 %) and SD of the dura mater (40 and 23 %) prevailed. SD of the temporomandibular joint was detected only in the first group (23 %). There was a statistically significant (p&lt;0,05) difference between the groups in terms of the detection rates of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions and intraosseous dysfunctions. According to the results of treatment, the incidence of SD in the head region and the pelvic region decreased significantly (p&lt;0,05) in patients from the first group, and in the SD of the pelvic region and the region of the lower extremities — in patients from the second group. The severity of flat feet of the study participants was not statistically significantly different before treatment. At the end of the complex treatment, the patients of the both categories showed a statistically significant (p&lt;0,05) improvement in the state of the foot arch.Conclusion. The revealed differences between the participants of the groups in the prevalence and number of regional dysfunctions and the prevalence of local SD could, presumably, reflect the relationship between the placement torticollis and planovalgus deformity of the feet. Based on the absence of differences in the degree of severity of flat feet between the participants of the groups, it can be assumed that the history of the placement torticollis is not associated by itself with the aggravation of the severity of feet planovalgus deformity.

How to save your salary and regular working hours with a remote form of employment

On January 1, 2021, the amendments to the Labor Code on Remote Work began to take effect. The experts of the Guild of Metropolitan Lawyers tell about the correct course of action for employees if the employer transfers them to remote work.

On the Mistaken Use of the Chi-Square Test in Benford’s Law

Benford’s Law predicts that the first significant digit on the leftmost side of numbers in real-life data is distributed between all possible 1 to 9 digits approximately as in LOG(1 + 1/digit), so that low digits occur much more frequently than high digits in the first place. Typically researchers, data analysts, and statisticians, rush to apply the chi-square test in order to verify compliance or deviation from this statistical law. In almost all cases of real-life data this approach is mistaken and without mathematical-statistics basis, yet it had become a dogma or rather an impulsive ritual in the field of Benford’s Law to apply the chi-square test for whatever data set the researcher is considering, regardless of its true applicability. The mistaken use of the chi-square test has led to much confusion and many errors, and has done a lot in general to undermine trust and confidence in the whole discipline of Benford’s Law. This article is an attempt to correct course and bring rationality and order to a field which had demonstrated harmony and consistency in all of its results, manifestations, and explanations. The first research question of this article demonstrates that real-life data sets typically do not arise from random and independent selections of data points from some larger universe of parental data as the chi-square approach supposes, and this conclusion is arrived at by examining how several real-life data sets are formed and obtained. The second research question demonstrates that the chi-square approach is actually all about the reasonableness of the random selection process and the Benford status of that parental universe of data and not solely about the Benford status of the data set under consideration, since the focus of the chi-square test is exclusively on whether the entire process of data selection was probable or too rare. In addition, a comparison of the chi-square statistic with the Sum of Squared Deviations (SSD) measure of distance from Benford is explored in this article, pitting one measure against the other, and concluding with a strong preference for the SSD measure.

Substantiation of the possibility of osteopathic correction inclusion in the measures complex for the preoperative preparation of patients planned for extended abdominal surgery

Introduction. The problem of predicting and preventing of the complications development in the intra- and postoperative period is acutely relevant. There is strong evidence for a correlation between the patient’s preoperative status and the incidence of perioperative complications. At the same time, the search for additional methods for assessing and correcting the preoperative status remains an important task of modern medical science. In the context of this task, more and more attention is being paid to the approaches to diagnosis and treatment developed by osteopathy. Information about such studies for patients planned for abdominal surgery is practically absent in open sources today.The goal of research — is to substantiate the possibility of osteopathic correction inclusion in the measures complex for the preoperative preparation of patients planned for extended abdominal surgery.Materials and methods. The study involved 30 patients planned for extended abdominal surgery. The main and control groups were formed by the method of simple randomization, 15 people were included in each group. The participants of the control group received a standard set of measures for preoperative preparation, and the participants of the main group additionally underwent a course of osteopathic correction. The functioning indicators of the respiratory system [including the rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) and the maximum value of the negative inspiratory force (NIF)] and the autonomic nervous system (Kerdo index), the pain syndrome severity (assessed by a visual analogue scale), and the actual time of transfer opportunity of patients from intensive care to a profile department (assessed by a modified Aldrete–Kroulik scale).Results. It was found that after the premedication with the previous osteopathic correction course, the number of patients in a state of eutonia has significantly increased, and the number of patients with increased sympathetic tone has decreased. The patients who received osteopathic correction had a statistically significantly lower RSBI index and higher NIF values than those who did not receive the correction (p&lt;0,05). The actual time of the patients transfer to a profile department was also statistically significantly shorter in patients who received osteopathic correction (p&lt;0,05).Conclusion. The obtained results make it possible to recommend the inclusion of osteopathic correction in the complex of measures for the preoperative preparation of patients planned for extended abdominal operations.