Correction Of Errors Research Articles

Estimation of persistent sodium-current density in rat hippocampal mossy fibre boutons: Correction of space-clamp errors.

We used whole-cell patch clamp to estimate the stationary voltage dependence of persistent sodium-current density (iNaP) in rat hippocampal mossy fibre boutons. Cox's method for correcting space-clamp errors was extended to the case of an isopotential compartment with attached neurites. The method was applied to voltage-ramp experiments, in which iNaP is assumed to gate instantaneously. The raw estimates of iNaP led to predicted clamp currents that were at variance with observation, hence an algorithm was devised to improve these estimates. Optionally, the method also allows an estimate of the membrane specific capacitance, although values of the axial resistivity and seal resistance must be provided. Assuming that membrane specific capacitance and axial resistivity were constant, we conclude that seal resistance continued to fall after adding TTX to the bath. This might have been attributable to a further deterioration of the seal after baseline rather than an unlikely effect of TTX. There was an increase in the membrane specific resistance in TTX. The reason for this is unknown, but it meant that iNaP could not be determined by simple subtraction. Attempts to account for iNaP with a Hodgkin-Huxley model of the transient sodium conductance met with mixed results. One thing to emerge was the importance of voltage shifts. Also, a large variability in previously reported values of transient sodium conductance in mossy fibre boutons made comparisons with our results difficult. Various other possible sources of error are discussed. Simulations suggest a role for iNaP in modulating the axonal attenuation of EPSPs. KEY POINTS: We used whole-cell patch clamp to estimate the stationary voltage dependence of persistent sodium-current density (iNaP) in rat hippocampal mossy fibre boutons, using a KCl-based internal (pipette) solution and correcting for the liquid junction potential (2mV). Space-clamp errors and deterioration of the patch-clamp seal during the experiment were corrected for by compartmental modelling. Attempts to account for iNaP in terms of the transient sodium conductance met with mixed results. One possibility is that the transient sodium conductance is higher in mossy fibre boutons than in the axon shaft. The analysis illustrates the need to account for various voltage shifts (Donnan potentials, liquid junction potentials and, possibly, other voltage shifts). Simulations suggest a role for iNaP in modulating the axonal attenuation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials, hence analog signalling by dentate granule cells.

Research on Tractor Condition Recognition Based on Neural Networks

Tractor condition recognition has important research value in helping to understand the operating status of tractors and the trend of tillage depth changes in the field. Therefore, this article presents a method for recognizing tractor conditions, providing the basis for establishing the relationship between tractor conditions and the tillage depth of the attached agricultural machinery. This study designed a tractor condition recognition method based on neural networks. Using real-world vehicle data to establish a data set, K-means clustering analysis was used to label the data set based on four conditions: “accelerated start”, “constant speed”, “decelerated stop” and “turning”. The learning vector quantization (LVQ) neural network and the VGG-16 model of a CNN were selected for use recognizing the tractor conditions. The results showed that both the neural networks had good recognition effects. The average accuracy rates of the VGG-16 model of CNN and LVQ neural network were 90.25% and 79.7%, respectively, indicating that these models could be applied to tractor condition recognition and provide theoretical support for the correction of angle detection errors.

Analysis of local government supervision in surface mining: The case of Bulukumba Regency

Supervision is the prevention or correction of errors, irregularities, discrepancies, and misappropriations that are not in accordance with the objectives of the predetermined authority. This study aims to determine how the form of local government supervision in supervising rock quarry mines in Bontotiro District, Bukukumba Regency. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach, and the data collection used observation, interviews, and documentation. Data was analyzed through the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. This study shows how local government supervision of rock quarry mines in the study area is seen from two forms of supervision. First, preventive supervision was carried out before the implementation of mining activities through the supervision of exploration Mining Business Permits (IUP) for exploration implementation and Mining Business Permits (IUP) for production operations. Second, repressive supervision carried out during the implementation of mining activities refers to the supervision of Rock Excavation Production Operation Activities.

An overall adjustment method for relative corrections of master reference stations in the BDS/GNSS network RTK system

We here address problems of nonunique paths and poor fault tolerance in the traditional shortest path transfer method and propose an overall adjustment method of relative corrections of master reference stations in BDS/GNSS Network RTK systems. Our method comprehensively considers the vector relationship of baseline error corrections, the baseline closure error of Delaunay triangulation and the interpolation relationship between stations to realize the one-time generation, obtaining all relative error corrections of the master reference station in a network RTK system. The test results showed that our method can achieve a success rate of more than 95% and an incorrect rate of less than 0.01%. The error corrections, generated by the two methods, are verified and analysed by the positioning accuracy of the rover. The results show that the positioning accuracy of the method in this paper is improved by about 17% over the shortest path transfer method.

Hybrid Assembly of Complete Genomes of <I>Yersinia pestis</I> Strains

The aim of the study was to assemble full-length nucleotide sequences of the chromosome and plasmids for 13 Yersinia pestis strains from 11 natural plague foci located in the Russian Federation, using data from two sequencing technologies.Materials and methods. Y. pestis strains were grown on Hottinger’s agar (pH 7.2) at 37 °C. DNA was isolated using phenol-chloroform extraction. For the MinIon genetic analyzer (Oxford Nanopore), DNA fragments were prepared by ligation according to a modified protocol. For the Ion S5 genetic analyzer (IonTorrent), sample preparation was carried out according to the standard protocol for obtaining a library with a DNA fragment size of 400 nucleotide pairs (bp). The resulting single reads were filtered by average quality Q30 for IonTorrent and Q7 for Oxford Nanopore.Results and discussion. DNA fragments containing 50 000 or more nucleotide pairs were prepared for subsequent sequencing using nanopore sequencing technology (Oxford Nanopore). The Trycycler algorithm was applied for hybrid assembly of the genome of Y. pestis strains and correction of errors arising during this process, allowing the obtainment of full-length nucleotide sequences of the chromosome and plasmids for each genome of the strain. The nucleotide sequences of the chromosomes of 13 Y. pestis strains from 11 natural foci of plague located in the Russian Federation have been deposited in the international genetic database NCBI GenBank. It has been established that to assemble full-length genomes of Y. pestis strains, a significant number of reads with a size of 50 000 bp or more is required, and the use of the Trycycler algorithm allows one to generate a more accurate assembly of complete bacterial genomes.

A description of the correction of data error and the direction of in-depth research.

A description of the correction of data error and the direction of in-depth research.

Copy-Editing Expectations of Authors from the Middle East

The study investigates how specific edits, the selection of copy editors, connection platforms, and authors’ priorities affect Middle Eastern authors’ satisfaction and expectations. It also addresses whether these authors can expect non-linguistic modifications from native English copy editors. The final survey consisted of thirty-seven closed-ended questions and one open-ended question, grouped into five main sections, excluding demographics and the final open-ended question. We received 220 responses. The analysis was conducted using SmartPLS. We found that simple copy-editing did not significantly impact author satisfaction but that advanced copy-editing, choosing a copy editor, and using a particular connection platform positively impacted author satisfaction. Furthermore, authors expected more than the mere correction of grammatical errors by copy editors. The study recommends that copy-editing agencies should develop more personal relationships with authors, offer advanced copy-editing, and consider using a particular connection platform to meet the Middle Eastern authors’ needs.

IJCM_230A: Obstacles Faced by Medical Undergraduates Wearing Spectacles In A Medical College In Mangalore

Background: Spectacle compliance is vital among the young population to combat visual impairment arising from untreated refractive errors. Encouraging spectacle use is crucial, despite the challenges they present, such as fogging, scratches, and discomfort when prescribed wrong Objectives: 1. To study the obstacles faced by medical undergraduates while using spectacles. 2. To find out the various factors associated with the obstacles faced by undergraduates while wearing spectacles. Methodology: The study protocol was submitted for the approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. After obtaining the approval from ethics committee, permission was obtained from the Dean of Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore and data collection was done after receiving informed consent from the participants. A semi- structured questionnaire was distributed to the participants Results: 72.7% faced obstacle of dependency on spectacles and 71.5% faced difficulty of adjusting spectacles with gloved hands. · Out of 60(34.9%) study participants who ride two-wheeler, 21(35%) participants faced difficulties while riding due to spectacle use and wearing helmet(42.8%), glaring(19.1%) and fogging(14.2%) were the major difficulties faced. · Among 54(32%) study participants who drive 4-wheeler, 9(16.6%) participants faced difficulties while driving due to spectacle use and the major difficulties encountered were glaring(55.5%) and restricted field of vision(22.2%). · A statistically significant association with P value of 0.001 was established between duration of spectacle usage and dependency on spectacles Conclusion: Based on our study, we have found that most of the participants have been using spectacles for 1-10 years mainly for correction of refractive errors like myopia and thus use spectacles throughout the day.

Digital twin-enabled error and uncertainty mapping for 3D scanning

3D scanners have great potential to boost the efficiency of geometric inspection if their traceability is established by identifying measurement bias and uncertainty. This article introduces a digital twin for a structured-light 3D scanner that provides these two essential measures in a real-time manner. The error quantification starts from iterated scans taken from a CMM-calibrated ball-plate artifact at eight different configurations. The differences between the erroneous scan readings of the artifact's distance features and the corresponding calibrated values in the CMM set give a spatial distribution of the scanner's error. Then, three polynomial functions map the Cartesian coordinates of the scan set onto their counterparts from the CMM set. In this error model, a least-square approach determines the polynomial coefficients. Evaluating the error model for a given point cloud returns a vector field of volumetric errors, which is then followed by error corrections and then GD&T calculations. The uncertainty propagation is pursued through the three steps of model development, error map evaluation, and GD&T analysis. The Monte-Carlo estimations benchmark and validate the GUM framework for the uncertainty associated with the outputs of each step. Experimental verifications of the proposed methodology suggest that the error correction improves the mean and the standard deviation of measurement bias by 50% and 27%, respectively. The uncertainty map provides the coverage probabilities of 62%, 88%, and 96% for the coverage factors of 1, 2, and 3, while the expected theoretical levels of confidence are 68%, 95%, and 100%.

Physiological Changes in the Cornea When Wearing Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lenses

Rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses are made of materials with excellent oxygen permeability and wettability, so they not only improve oxygen permeability compared to existing lenses, but also provide correction of refractive errors and improved vision in irregular corneas such as keratoconus. However, the hard material of the lens along with hypoxia and hypercapnia of the cornea caused by wearing RGP contact lenses cause various physiological changes in the cornea. Physiological changes in the cornea that may occur when wearing RGP contact lenses include mucin balls, decreased corneal epithelial thickness and increased size, decreased epithelial barrier function, corneal erosion and staining, decreased keratocyte density, decreased corneal sensitivity, and stromal opacities, contact lens‐induced peripheral ulcers, endothelial blebs, increased endothelial polymegethism, and changes in corneal shape. It is necessary to know the performance of the RGP contact lenses being prescribed, be aware of the physiological changes in the cornea caused by wearing RGP contact lenses, and provide the correct lens prescription along with appropriate education to the patient.

Abstract 7425: UMI-nea: A fast and robust UMI analysis approach to accurately identify and quantify TCR repertoire from targeted RNA sequencing with wide range of input molecules

Abstract The T-cell receptor (TCR) population in humans is comprised of highly diversified heterodimers, regulating the recognition of antigen-major histocompatibility complex. Tremendous TCR sequence diversity is produced by somatic recombination of several TCR gene loci each consisting of multiple gene segments. Next-generation sequencing has enabled comprehensive profiling of the TCR repertoire from different physiological and disease conditions ushering in much interest in using TCR-seq to assess T-cell diversity. However, during NGS library construction and sequencing, errors and enzymatic inefficiencies can compromise the accuracy of the final data, particularly around calling of the VD and VDJ recombined regions and subsequent clonotype assignment. To increase the accuracy of NGS sequencing, Unique Molecular Identifiers (UMIs), consisting of short random nucleotide bases, can be used to mark original molecules in NGS library allowing for error and bias corrections. There are two well studied technical limitations to apply UMIs: 1.) UMI sequences tend to collide when input molecule number is large 2.) UMI sequences are not insulated from PCR and sequencing errors. To address these limitations, many computational approaches had been published. Among them, very few can be used to solve UMI colliding errors and over-simplified error models were implemented for UMI sequencing error handling. Here we report a novel strategy and UMI structure which uses more complex UMIs that is longer and of different length. This results in minimizing UMI collision while maximizing sequencing quality. Our UMI analysis pipeline, “UMI-nea” is able to handle not only substitution errors but also indel errors and UMIs with different lengths. We developed a novel computational framework to parallelly process sequence comparisons to mitigate the elevated computational burden. To account for the varied dispersion of PCR efficiency for different molecules and error bearing UMIs from libraries with different input and with different sequencing depth, we also developed a statistical framework leveraging negative binomial model and single-cell knee plot to set a dynamic threshold for original molecule estimate. We verified UMI-nea with several simulated data and demonstrated that UMI-nea can achieve >99% completeness and homogeneity to recover the original molecule count with various error rates and UMI lengths, outperforming existing tools and methods in comparison. We applied UMI-nea to profile TCR for 8 PBMC samples sequenced on different Illumina platforms with different sequencing depths. We observed >85% reproducibility of clonotype calls on all samples. To test the sensitivity and specificity of UMI-nea, we sequenced pure cell line samples and cell line spike-in samples with different ratios and discovered very high recall and precision rates. Citation Format: Jixin Deng, Jingxiao Zhang, Song Tian, Samuel J. Rulli, Hong Xu, John DiCarlo, Eric Lader. UMI-nea: A fast and robust UMI analysis approach to accurately identify and quantify TCR repertoire from targeted RNA sequencing with wide range of input molecules [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 7425.

Низкоэнергетическая лентикулярная лазерная хирургия в коррекции миопии

Purpose. To improve the efficiency and safety of SMILE-type lenticular surgery procedure in correction of different degrees myopia based on the use of low-energy laser parameters. Material and methods. This study includes a comparative analysis of data from 193 patients (288 eyes) operated for different degrees myopia including a number of cases with myopic astigmatism using SMILE technology with different FSL energy levels from 130 to 150 nJ. The parameters were analyzed on the 1st day and after 1 week, 1 month, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery with assessment of NCVA, quality of life (QIRC questionnaire), general corneal wavefront aberrations (RMS), densitometry and pachymetry. Results. According to visometry, quality of life assessment, RMS, densitometry and pachymetry, the best functional results were obtained in subgroups with mild and moderate myopia on the 1st day after SMILE using an energy level in the range of 130 nJ. And in subgroups with a high degree of myopia, when using an energy level in the range of 140 nJ, no direct effect of energy on other indicators was found. Conclusion. According to the results of the study, it was found that the correction of myopic refractive error using the SMILE technology with a FSL energy level in the range of 130–140 nJ in its effectiveness on the 1st day after surgery exceeds the previously used energy levels (150 nJ) in terms of the quality of restoration of visual functions and does not have a negative effect on other parameters of the cornea. Key words: myopia, lenticular surgery, femtosecond laser energy, SMILE

Iterative Pulse-Echo Tomography for Ultrasonic Image Correction.

Acoustic aberration, caused by the uneven distribution of tissue speed-of-sound (SoS), significantly reduces the quality of ultrasound imaging. An important approach to mitigate this issue is imaging correction based on local SoS estimation. Computed ultrasound tomography in echo mode (CUTE) is an SoS estimation method that utilizes phase-shift information from ultrasound pulse-echo signals, offering both practical utility and computational efficiency. However, the traditional single-pass CUTE often suffers from poor accuracy and robustness. In this paper, an advanced approach known as iterative CUTE is introduced, which refines SoS estimates through iterative correction of errors and noise, addressing the limitations of traditional single-pass methods. It is argued that traditional precision indicators like root mean square error (RMSE) fall short in adequately reflecting the quality of SoS estimates for imaging correction, and coherence factor (CF) is proposed as a more indicative metric. Performance validation of the iterative CUTE algorithm was conducted using a simulation and agar phantom experiment. The results indicated that the iterative CUTE approach surpasses the single-pass approach, enhancing the average CF for SoS estimates by up to 18.2%. In phantom experiments, imaging corrected with SoS estimates from iterative CUTE reduced the Array Performance Index (API) by up to 40% compared to traditional methods.

Surface-guided radiotherapy systems in locoregional deep inspiration breath hold radiotherapy for breast cancer - a multicenter study on the setup accuracy.

Daily image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) and deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) technique are recommended for locoregional RT of breast cancer. The optimal workflow for a combination of surface-guided RT (SGRT) with DIBH technique is of current clinical interest. The setup accuracy at three hospitals was evaluated using different SGRT workflows. A total of 150 patients (2269 image pairs) were analyzed in three groups: patient setup with the AlignRT® SGRT system in Tampere (Site 1, n = 50), the Catalyst™ SGRT system in Turku (Site 2, n = 50) and the Catalyst™ SGRT system in Jönköping (Site 3, n = 50). Each site used their routine workflow with SGRT-based setup and IGRT positioning. Residual errors of the bony chest wall, thoracic vertebra (Th 1) and humeral head were evaluated using IGRT images. Systematic residual errors in the cranio-caudal (CC) direction and in pitch were generally larger at Site 2 than those at Sites 1 and 3 (p = 0.01-0.7). With daily IGRT, only a small difference (p = 0.01-0.9) was observed in residual random errors of bony structures in other directions between sites. The introduction of SGRT and the use of daily IGRT lead to small residual errors when combining the best workflow practices from different hospitals. Our multicenter evaluation led to improved workflow by tightening the SGRT tolerances on Site 2 and fixation modification. Because of mainly small random errors, systematic posture errors in the images need to be corrected after posture correction with new setup surfaces. We recommend tight SGRT tolerances, good fixation and correction of systematic errors.

Unregulated Decorative Lenses: A Brief Definitive Review.

Contact lenses are US Food and Drug Administration-regulated medical devices that are a safe and effective method for the correction of refractive error. They are worn by an estimated 45 million Americans. Decorative contact lenses (DCLs) can be used for patients with medical conditions such as failed corneas or aniridia. However, DCLs have also gained popularity in the young, contact lens-naïve population. DCL users often buy lenses through unregulated sources without a clinical examination and education on proper use by an eye care professional. These lenses have a significantly higher risk of infection when compared with contact lenses for the correction of refractive error. To reduce the incidence of microbial keratitis, regulators and eye care professionals must make coordinated efforts to generate and disseminate prevention messages to all contact lens users. In addition, physician and patient reporting of contact lens-related complications to regulatory agencies enhances the pathway to risk reduction. This article reviews DCL use and supply, with a specific focus on the increased risk of contact lens-related complications in unsupervised DCL use.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPATUHAN PENGISIAN REKAM MEDIS DI RUMAH SAKIT GIGI DAN MULUT PENDIDIKAN UMY

Background: RSGMP UMY been utilizing computer-based information systems and manually medical records. Problems often arise in filing medical records are incomplete filling process. The purpose of this study to find out the problems in filling medical records, and analyzes the factors that influence adherence charging medical records in RSGMP UMY. Method: using quantitative and qualitative methods. Subjects in research is coass and physician mentors in RSGMP UMY. Research object is files medical records in 2012. Quantitative data using descriptive statistics, qualitative data using a coding interview. Results: The complete medical records of 236 (64.84%), and incomplete medical records of 128 (35.16%). Incomplete completeness aspect is the identity of the patients (3.85%), the date and time (1.65%), the name and signature of the doctor (23.35%), and correction of errors (16.21%). Medical record is incomplete due to factors selecting lecturers, lack of faculty, number of patients, limited time, knowledge, and attitudes operator. Conclusion: Factors affecting compliance to medical records in RSGM-P UMY is knowledge, limited time, operator attitude, sum of patient, and motivation.

Heimdallr, Baldr, and Solarstein: designing the next generation of VLTI instruments in the Asgard suite

High angular resolution imaging is an increasingly important capability in contemporary astrophysics. Of particular relevance to emerging fields such as the characterization of exoplanetary systems, imaging at the required spatial scales and contrast levels results in forbidding challenges in the correction of atmospheric phase errors, which in turn drives demanding requirements for precise wavefront sensing. Asgard is the next-generation instrument suite at the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI), targeting advances in sensitivity, spectral resolution, and nulling interferometry. In this paper, we describe the requirements and designs of three core modules: Heimdallr, a beam combiner for fringe tracking, low order wavefront correction, and visibility science; Baldr, a Zernike wavefront sensor to correct high order atmospheric aberrations; and Solarstein, an alignment and calibration unit. In addition, we draw generalizable insights for designing such system and discuss integration plans.

Statistical indices of masculinity-femininity: A theoretical and practical framework

Statistical indices of masculinity-femininity (M-F) summarize multivariate profiles of sex-related traits as positions on a single continuum of individual differences, from masculine to feminine. This approach goes back to the early days of sex differences research; however, a systematic discussion of alternative M-F indices (including their meaning, their mutual relations, and their psychometric properties) has been lacking. In this paper I present an integrative theoretical framework for the statistical assessment of masculinity-femininity, and provide practical guidance to researchers who wish to apply these methods to their data. I describe four basic types of M-F indices: sex-directionality, sex-typicality, sex-probability, and sex-centrality. I examine their similarities and differences in detail, and consider alternative ways of computing them. Next, I discuss the impact of measurement error on the validity of these indices, and outline some potential remedies. Finally, I illustrate the concepts presented in the paper with a selection of real-world datasets on body morphology, brain morphology, and personality. An R function is available to easily calculate multiple M-F indices from empirical data (with or without correction for measurement error) and draw summary plots of their individual and joint distributions.

Advances in Nonresponsive and Refractory Celiac Disease

Nonresponsive celiac disease (CeD) is relatively common. It is generally attributed to persistent gluten exposure and resolves after correction of diet errors. However, other complications of CeD and disorders clinically mimicking CeD need to be excluded. Novel therapies are being evaluated to facilitate mucosal recovery, which might benefit patients with nonresponsive CeD. Refractory CeD (RCeD) is rare and is divided into 2 types. The etiology of type I RCeD is unclear. A switch to gluten-independent autoimmunity is suspected in some patients. In contrast, type II RCeD represents a low-grade intraepithelial lymphoma. Type I RCeD remains a diagnosis of exclusion, requiring ruling out gluten intake and other nonmalignant causes of villous atrophy. Diagnosis of type II RCeD relies on the demonstration of a clonal population of neoplastic intraepithelial lymphocytes with an atypical immunophenotype. Type I RCeD and type II RCeD generally respond to open-capsule budesonide, but the latter has a dismal prognosis due to severe malnutrition and frequent progression to enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma; more efficient therapy is needed.

Galactic cosmic rays at 0.7 A.U. with Venus Express housekeeping data

We apply a previously developed procedure to characterize galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) at 0.7 A.U. with engineering data coming from the Venus Express mission. The engineering parameters are the Error Detection and Correction EDAC cumulative counters, used for detection and correction of memory errors induced by highly energetic particles. It has already been demonstrated that the slope of this counter measures GCR fluxes using data from Mars Express (1.5 A.U.) and Rosetta (up to 4 A.U.) data. Here, we reproduce these methods using Venus Express EDAC data in order to understand the behavior of GCRs closer to the Sun. We again witness the anti-correlation of EDAC slope with the solar activity and further investigate this procedure. The resulting time-lag between maximum sunspot number and minimum GCRs intensity at Venus is close to one day instead of the expected several months. This work represents one of the first characterization of galactic cosmic rays at small distances to the Sun over a long period of time and further cements the value of using EDAC counters as scientific information.