Correctional Center Research Articles

The Role of Prison Service in Reducing Re-offence: Challenges of (Re) Integration in Illu Abba Bor and Bunno Bedelle Zones Prisons, Ethiopia

This study is aimed at examining factors of (re)-offending, the role of prison administration and its challenges in reducing (re)-offending by (re)-integration mechanism. The approach employed qualitative and its design was descriptive case study. The data were collected through semi-structured interview, focus group discussion and observation. The data collected was categorized, organized in theme and analysed by thematic analysis techniques. And then, the study find out that there are three interrelated phases as far as (re)-integration is concerned: programs that take place during time in prison, which aim to prepare offenders for their eventual release; programs that take place during offenders’ release period, which seek to connect ex-offenders with the various services they may require; and long-term programs that take place as ex-offenders permanently (re)-integrate into their communities, which attempt to provide offenders with support and supervision. To perform it, there were responsible departments in prison administration that play a role in each phases by arranging Substance Abuse Treatment Programmes, Facilitating Behavioural Change of Offenders, providing Education, Life Skills and Vocational Training and setting up Follow Up Mechanisms and Linkage. However, limited economic and human resource/Capital, weak linkage of the correctional centres with the community and other stakeholder, public perception of discharged prisoners in the community and principle-practice disparity on the role of correctional centres prevented correctional centres from properly executing its responsibilities. The study concludes that rehabilitation of the offender and the support of the victim, by way of a multidisciplinary approach and the presentation of a variety of programmes, should always be the main aim of imprisonment in order to re-integrate the offender with society and the family so that they can once again function as a proper unit. To this end, the study suggested that mechanisms should be devised to participate and mobilize all sectors towards the same aim of reducing reoffending. Key w ords: prison, (Re)-offense, Offenders, (Re)-integration, crime DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/10-2-01 Publication date: February 29 th 2020

The effectiveness of gestalt therapy and logo therapy on anger reduction and increase of mental health of teenagers of correction and rehabilitation center

Aim of this research has the effectiveness of gestalt therapy and logo therapy on anger reduction and Increase of mental health of teenager of correction and rehabilitation center of Khoram Abad city. In this quasi-experimental research by available method 24 teenagers which take high mark in SCL.90.R exam and state-traitangerexpression inventory-2 STAXI-2 were grouped randomly in three pilot groups as gestalt therapy (8 person) and logo therapy (8 person) and control without any therapeutic intervention (8 person). Members of gestalt therapy and logo therapy pilot groups participate in 8 group therapy 90 minutes sessions, twice in a week. Obtained results measured as pretest and posttest by STAXI-2 and SCL.90.R determination scales and resulting data analyzed to comparison means of three groups at three assessment cases by covariance analysis. Findings has supported the effectiveness of both approaches Logo therapy and Gestalt therapy on anger reduction and increased mental health. Mental health is a science for better life that its principles include all periods of life from the formation of sperm to death. Also is an art and technique that help peoples to adopting with their environment by adjusting proper psychological and emotional methods and finding better solutions to solve their problems.

Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET): A Necessity for Crime Reduction and Economic Transformation

The number of youths drifting to Okada motorcycle business in Nigeria is increasing every year with no immediate solution to curb the trend as it portends danger to the socio-security of the nation. This lingering challenge has equally led to a shortage of middle-level manpower over the years, hence this paper examined the possibility of the nation running out of technologists and artisans in no distant future. A total of 500 questionnaires were administered at five different correctional centre, and the data were collated using descriptive statistics for easy analysis. The study showed that the young and agile youths are largely engaged in Okada business which has no technical value expected to drive the nation’s economy. The literacy level of each category of the respondent was examined and the result shows that about 95% of the Okada riders are educated while 5% had no formal education. Among the educated, 17% are corporate dispatch riders with at least a Polytechnic diploma or University degree, 44% has technical colleges or secondary school certificates while 39% are artisans like auto-mechanics, bricklayers, electricians etc, who are not readily available to carry out their chosen trades rather prefers to ride Okada to earn a living. This paper explained how this drift from craft and trade to Okada business can be discouraged so as to encourage apprenticeship and close the gap created by this drift. The paper concludes that a robust TVET program should be structured to reset and attract students towards industrial work experience scheme so as to run the nation’s economy and curb crimes.

Wissenschaftliche Diskurse, Kinder- und Jugendfürsorge, Heimerziehung: Wien im 20. Jahrhundert

The system of coercive education, organized by the welfare council of the city government, collaborated closely with psychiatrists, pediatricians and psychologists of University institutes, who developed diagnostic tools, defining the normal and the abnormal, the educable and the non-educable child. From the late 19th century onward, this was framed by the meta-discourse of racial hygiene (Rassenhygiene), by Rudolf Goldscheid’s concept of people economy (Menschenökonomie) and other theories. In contrast, ideas for a psychotherapeutic reeducation by August Aichhorn never rose to paradigmatic hegemony. During the Nazi regime, permanent “selection” and killing of “unworthy” children was organized by the public health and welfare system within the “children’s euthanasia” program. Potential victims were identified andselected by the Children Admittance Center (Kinderübernahmsstelle, KÜSt). Regular torturing children and youth in foster homes continued until the 1980s. After a minor rebellion of a leftist students’ group (“Spartacus”) against violent coercive education, the city authorities instigated internal reforms in 1971. Radical reform commenced in the late 1990s. KÜSt and foster homes were gradually replaced by intervention centers and flatshare communities. The article argues that a clandestine concept, called guilty neglect (schuldhafte Verwahrlosung) by the author, engendered mainly by psychiatrists during the 19th and early 20th century, is one of the main enabling factors for violent and painful treatment of children in foster homes and correction centers. This clandestine concept guided psychiatrists, psychologists, judges, police officers and pedagogues well into the 1980s, and thus contributed to the colonization of the poor and disadvantaged.

Научно-педагогические подходы обучения и воспитания детей с ограниченными возможностями средствами бального танца

We consider a special area of didactics – teaching and upbringing of children with disabilities by means of ballroom dance. We define the development specifics of children with disabilities from the positions of pedagogical approaches such as axiological, cultural, social, individual, activity, system, personal-activity, innovative. They are the theoretical basis and determine the strategy for solving current problems in the system of teaching and upbringing of children with disabilities by means of ballroom dance. We also identify tasks that solve the problems of the development of children with disabilities by means of ballroom dance. The study arouses interest in methodic materials from the developed adapted educational program “Basics of ballroom dance for children with disabilities” in the ballroom dance team “Kaleidoscope”, in Psychological and Pedagogical Support and Correction Center “Harmony” Tambov Regional State Budgetary Educational Institution of the city of Rasskazovo, Tambov Region.

Tristes Tropique in Jacqueline Bishop's Patchwork Aesthetics

Tristes Tropique in Jacqueline Bishop's Patchwork Aesthetics

Supporting women leaving prison through peer health mentoring: a participatory health research study.

During the transition between prison and community, people are at greatly increased risk for adverse health outcomes. This study describes a peer health mentoring program that supports women in the first 3 days after their release from a provincial correctional facility in British Columbia. We used a participatory health research framework to develop multimethod processes to describe the Unlocking the Gates Peer Health Mentoring Program. Mentors are women with incarceration experience. Between 2013 and 2018, women released from Alouette Correctional Centre for Women were invited to access the program. All program clients were invited to participate in the surveys and interviews. We analyzed survey and interview data using descriptive analysis for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. There were 346 program contacts from 340 women over the study period. For every contact, a telephone interview was conducted. Among the 346 contacts, 173 women met their mentor, of whom 172 (99.4%) completed the intake and consent forms. A total of 105 women (61.0%) completed a program activity feedback survey at the end of the mentoring period. Women identified a range of needed supports during the transition from prison to community, including access to clothing, social assistance, housing and health care. Participants described a mix of emotions surrounding release, including excitement, anxiety, hope, and a wish for understanding and support. Within 3 days of release, 49 participants (46.7%) had accessed a family physician, and 89 (84.8%) had accessed at least 1 community resource. Ninety-eight participants (93.3%) reported that their mentor assisted them in accessing community resources. Peer health mentoring provides valuable, multifaceted support in helping women to navigate health and social services and to meet their basic needs. Strengthening health supports during the transition from prison to community is critical to promoting the health and well-being of women leaving prison.

Lessons from Prison: A Shackled Pipeline Protester Reflects

Lessons from Prison:A Shackled Pipeline Protester Reflects Rita Wong (bio) (Originally printed in The Tyee, September 24, 2019, reprinted with permission.) My work for the past decade as a writer and a scholar has been to learn with and from water—to follow what rivers and watersheds teach us. I love the Bow River, the Fraser River, the Peace River, the Columbia River, the Pacific Ocean, the Arctic Ocean, and all the watersheds that British Columbia and Alberta are part of. How do I express this love? On August 24, 2018, while British Columbia was in a state of emergency because of record-breaking wildfires caused by climate change, I sang, prayed, and sat in ceremony for about half an hour in front of the Trans Mountain pipeline project's Westridge Marine Terminal. For this act of opposition to fossil fuel expansion that no one can afford, on August 16, 2019, I was sentenced to twenty-eight days in prison by Judge Kenneth Affleck in the Supreme Court of British Columbia, as recommended by the Province of British Columbia Crown Prosecutor Monte Ruttan. After I left the courtroom, I was handcuffed, shackled, and transported in a chilly van with fellow political prisoner Will Offley. He, like me, had argued in our defense that our actions were motivated by necessity due to climate crisis. As I wrote in my sentencing statement, since the federal government has abdicated its responsibility to protect us despite full knowledge of this emergency, it became necessary to act. Judge Affleck rejected our arguments. Will was incarcerated at North Fraser Pretrial Centre in Port Coquitlam, while I was moved into an overly warm vehicle that ended up in the Alouette Correctional Centre for Women (ACCW) in Maple Ridge. The combination of heat and sliding around on the metal seat gave me motion sickness, so I'd vomited by the time I arrived at the prison. I was born on Treaty 7 territory in what is also known as Calgary and spent half my life there before moving to the unceded Coast Salish lands known as Vancouver. I love both places. I oppose pipeline expansion because I love the land known as Alberta and see the urgent need to make a transition off fossil fuels. I feel that the best way to repay my debt to the people who built the oil industry is not to automatically assume that oil is the only way Alberta can survive, but to lovingly assert that there are at least two things more important [End Page 258] than oil: water and life itself. As former Lieutenant-Governor of Alberta Grant MacEwan pointed out in his last book, Watershed: Reflections on Water (2000), 75 percent of the water in the Bow and Elbow Rivers comes from snow melt. When we accelerate that melting beyond a certain rate, we are guaranteed to melt the ice caps. Surely we are smarter and better than this. This is why, since March 2018, I've spent a great deal of time up at Burnaby Mountain. I believe that everyone who lives on unceded Coast Salish lands has a responsibility to uphold Coast Salish laws, which entail respecting and protecting the land that gives us life. This is why I was arrested and sentenced to time in prison. My first night at ACCW was spent in maximum security. My cell (Charlie 9) had a bulletin board, on which a previous prisoner had left words "COURAGE & SERENITY." The lights never went off completely in my cell. I threw a sweatshirt over my eyes and slept from sheer exhaustion after writing a letter to friends and watching a bit of APTN (Aboriginal Peoples Television Network) on the television. It was a surprise and a pleasure to see Sharon McIvor on TV, talking about the regaining of status for Indigenous women who'd had it taken away by colonial legislative violence. In the morning, I was moved to medium security after breakfast. Though my stay in maximum security was short, I was treated kindly by my fellow inmates, one of whom gifted me a hair tie and another who showed me how the phone system worked. In medium security, Birch...

Negotiating the Maximum-Security Offender Identity: Experiences From Incarcerated Women.

The representation of women classified as maximum-security offenders continues to be a challenge due to paucity of research regarding their experiences. Generally, their stories are masked under the experiences of the other categories of incarcerated women. Drawing from a larger study conducted with incarcerated women in a South African correctional centre in Johannesburg, in this article I provide a thematic analysis of in-depth interviews on the lived experiences of negotiating the maximum-security offender identity by 13 women. The results suggest that the maximum-security offender identity is associated with rejection, dehumanisation, denial of agency, restricted movement, and labelling. The article also highlights the significance of providing agency to incarcerated women in deconstructing stereotypes that represent them as angry and uneducated with no value to society. A more balanced repositioning of their stories emerges as they get an opportunity to construct their own experiences.

Effect of mindfulness-based training on aggression and empathy of adolescents at the juvenile correction and rehabilitation center

Effect of mindfulness-based training on aggression and empathy of adolescents at the juvenile correction and rehabilitation center

The Effect of Religion on Emotional Well-Being Among Offenders in Correctional Centers of South Africa: Explanations and Gender Differences

We examined (1) whether the relationship between religiosity and negative emotions (anger, frustration, depression, and anxiety) among prisoners is attributable to inmates’ sense of meaning and purpose in life and personal virtues and (2) whether religiosity has a larger positive relationship with a search for and a presence of meaning in life as well as the virtues of forgiveness, gratitude, and self-control among female than male inmates. To examine these relationships, we analyzed survey data from a sample of offenders in South African correctional centers. Findings showed that more religious inmates reported lower levels of negative emotions to the extent that their religiosity enhanced a sense of meaning and purpose in life and levels of self-control than their less or non-religious peers. We also found the salutary effect of religiosity to be applicable equally to male and female inmates. Substantive and practical implications of our findings are discussed.

Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Risky Behaviors, Resilience, and Distress Tolerance in Adolescents

Background: The adolescent faces rapid physical growth that is emotionally immature, in terms of limited experience, and fragile and vulnerable in cultural terms. The rate of change in this period is high that can cause various behavioral problems during this period. Objectives: The aim of this research was to explore the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Intervention on risky behaviors, resilience and distress tolerance among adolescents in juvenile correction and rehabilitation center. Patients and Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group. A random sampling method was used to select 30 people in the experimental and control groups at Tehran’s Juvenile Correction and Rehabilitation Center in 2019. The control group did not receive any training and just were taken pre-test and post-test. The Iranian Adolescents Risk-Taking Scale, Distress Tolerance Scale and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used in this research. Multivariate analysis of variance, multivariate covariance test were performed to analyze data by SPSS V. 22 software. Results: The results showed that intervention in adolescents at the juvenile correction and rehabilitation center has an important impact on risky behavior, resilience, and distress tolerance. Conclusions: Mindfulness can be used as an effective interventions for adolescents with risky behaviors.

(Re)constructing God to find meaning in suffering: Men serving long-term sentences in Zonderwater

Offender populations experience their incarceration through different lenses and often as a spiritual journey of suffering. During 2017 and 2018 a study was conducted by the authors with 30 men serving long-term sentences in Correctional Centre A, Zonderwater Management Area in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Following interviews and focus group sessions, the authors report on participants’ representations on how their (re)constructed views of God assist them to find meaning in suffering while incarcerated. Narrative inquiry as a philosophical framework was applied, which presupposes equality between the researcher and the participant, the unmediated representation of words as data, the researcher as auto-ethnographer and respectful submission to subjectivity. Participants’ views of God are thematised according to sets of God-images, firstly, as identified by Van der Ven in his book God Reinvented? ( 1998 ), adapted by the authors to suit the contents of the participants’ God talk. Secondly, the ‘God-images in Africa’ were applied. The participants’ (re)constructed God-images are divided into two categories: images that feed on the binary between divine and human (transcendence) and images that function in the dialogical spaces between divine and human where the incarcerated have internalised an external God (immanence). Binary images of God are presented by the apathetic God, retributive God, controlling God and the purifying God. However, a significant number of participants expressed their belief in God through the dialogical image of the compassionate God, and the suffering God as co-sufferer. The role of Africanness in constructing these God-images constitutes a special point of inquiry in this article, as reflected in the images of God defined by God the Great Ancestor and Divine Spirit, and God with whom a mystical union is formed.

MECHANISM TO OVERCOME STIGMA IN PUBLIC CLIENTS - A CASE STUDY OF DRUG CLIENTS AT CLASS I PRIVATE VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, JAKARTA SELATAN

The research discusses the coping stigma mechanism by drug correctional clients at Class I Correctional Center South Jakarta. Research is a qualitative study and uses the method of unstructured interviews, which are conducted by interviewing narcotics correctional client and correctional supervisor who are directly related to correctional client in providing social guidance. Guidance provided to correctional clients is an effort of correctional institutions to achieve successful social reintegration. The social reintegration program in the penal system in Indonesia regarding planning assistance and supervision of criminals so that they stop committing crimes and can successfully return to the community. However, the results of the study indicate that stigma in the community towards ex-convicts still leads to negative stigma. As one of the extraordinary crimes, drugs abuse have a large impact and multi-dimensional against social, cultural, economic, and political. This makes former drug convicts more vulnerable to negative stigma in society. The results also showed that each correctional client had a different view of the stigma in the community regarding ex-convicts. Because they have different views on stigma, the coping stigma mechanism by the drug correctional client are also different. Stigma on ex-convicts in the community is seen as adversity. To overcome the adversity, correctional clients will go through resilience process including coping stigma mechanism. In the resilience process found support from the community and having a stable job will helps correctional clients overcoming the stigma given by the community.

Realising Rehabilitation and Social Inclusion through Correctional Service Libraries in South Africa

A need to correct the behaviour and deeds of people who have been incarcerated has been part of the plans of the South African government for a number of years now. Shifting from being punishment to rehabilitation centres, the correctional centres aim to rehabilitate and prepare inmates to be included and accepted by society beyond their incarceration period. Correctional library and information services provide a critical structure and support point by facilitating the attainment and improvement of education and providing rehabilitation and occupational skills to inmates during their time in these centres. This paper seeks to illustrate that correctional service libraries can be a critical support structure for rehabilitation and social inclusion of inmates in South African correctional centres. The paper also suggests how the correctional service libraries could be mainstreamed for correctional and developmental goals of inmates in South African correctional centres. This conceptual paper also adds to the body of knowledge that advocates for the important role of correctional service libraries in the rehabilitation of inmates. Finally, the paper aims to provide insights to policymakers on the role of correctional service libraries in shaping the lives of the inmates and people development.

Isinangananga versus imbobo: negotiation of intimacy in South African female correctional centres

ABSTRACT Isinangananga (same-sex relationships) an abomination to some but a source of pleasure to others, is a word I heard throughout my prison journeys. Imbobo refers to heterosexual relationships between males and female inmates in a correctional centre. This paper explores both the narratives of women's involvement in both forms of relationships.

Discourses about mental health demands of young offenders serving detention measure in juvenile correctional centers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

This paper aims to analyze the discursive conceptions of what is considered mental health demand of young offenders serving detention measure in juvenile correctional centers in Rio de Janeiro. Nine interviews were conducted with the mental health professionals of these centers, and the results were discussed with the support of Fairclough's critical discourse analysis. Four discursive groups were identified: the first shows intertextuality with the psychiatric discourse; the second, with the Psychiatric Reform; the third, with the discourse of social determinants; and the fourth, with institutional discourses about adolescents' misbehavior. It is concluded that the conceptions are different among the professionals, but there is no single predominant discourse. The statements are related and especially linked through the discussion of social determinants. Health professionals and social workers as demand vocalizers are overvalued. Adolescents are barely given the opportunity of directly exposing their needs, and demands are mediated by technicians. We identified conflicts between staff members working in the care flow concerning the misbehavior-associated demands because some referrals are unrelated to mental health issues.

Symptoms and Underlying Factors of Depression among Inmates in Bonga Town Correctional Center, Kaffa Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia

The main objective of this study was to examine symptoms and underlying factors of depression among inmates of Bonga Town correctional center. The institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed and through systematic sampling, 327 inmates from February to March 2017 were considered for this study. Data was collected by using a standardized self-reported questionnaire. Stepwise regression was conducted to identify associated factors. Mann Whitney U test was used to determine gender difference on symptoms of depression. The finding of this study revealed symptoms of depression (change in appetite, change in sleep pattern, loss of energy, self-dislike) prevail among inmates of Bonga Town correctional center. The level of depression was moderate 52.29%. Pessimism (r=.120, P=.030), self-dislike (r=.136, P=.014) and crying (r=.142, p=.010) were symptoms of depression associated with inmates years of incarceration. Socio-demographic factors, environmental factors were to as well as psychosocial factors were associated with depression. There was a significant gender difference in each symptom of depression; i.e female inmates suffered more than male inmates in each symptom of. Bonga correctional center communities should work cooperatively with Bonga G/Tsadik Shawo hospital to help inmates who were at risk.

'Doing Her Time': A Human Rights Analysis of Overcrowding in Brisbane Women's Correctional Centre

At the end of 2016, the Queensland Ombudsman released his report ‘Overcrowding at Brisbane Women’s Correctional Centre’. This investigation, alongside reports from the Anti-Discrimination Commission Queensland and Crime and Corruption Commission Queensland reveal that, despite the best efforts of Queensland Correctives Services, there are a number of potential human rights violations that have arisen within Brisbane Women’s Correctional Centre as a result of ongoing overcrowding. As of 27 February 2019, Queensland has become the third Australian state or territory to pass a human rights Act, 14 years after the Australian Capital Territory introduced the Human Rights Act 2004, and 12 years after Victoria introduced the Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006. In 2019, Australia remains to be the only Western democracy that is yet to introduce a national Act or bill of human rights. This article will consider the potential violations of female prisoners’ human rights inside Queensland’s largest female correctional facility, drawing on case law from Canada, Scotland, and the ECtHR to discuss their potential for recourse under Queensland’s new Human Rights Act 2019.

Corneal Endothelial Cell Changes after Photorefractive Keratectomy for Low to Moderate Myopia With and Without Mitomycin-C

AbstractBackground: Mitomycin-C was suggested for application during surface ablation procedures to reduce post-operative haze formation. It can effectively reduce haze formation and hence, improve the predictability of visual outcomes following refractive surgery. Despite these advantages, MMC can po-tentially damage all three main corneal cell types including epithelial (differentiated epithelium and limbal cells), stromal (keratocytes), and endothelial cells.Aim of Study: To investigate the croneal endothelial cell changes after Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK) with and without Mitomycin-C 0.02% for low to moderate myopia.Patient and Methods: This prospective, randomized, comparative study included 60 eyes of 30 patients who were chosen from Ophthalmology Clinic at Tanta University Hos-pital and Shorouk Laser Vision Correction Centre for 6 month from December 2017 to May 2018 and scheduled for Photo-refractive Keratectomy (PRK) using193nm wavelength exci-mer laser system Allegretto EX500, (Wave Light Technologie., USA). These patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group (A) were scheduled for (PRK) with adjunctive mito-mycin-C 0.02% and patients of Group (B) were scheduled for (PRK) without mitomycin-C. Informed consents were obtained from all study participants.Results: In Group A the mean Endothelial Cell Density (ECD) was 2891.61±272.41 and at three months after surgery was 28 13.04±276.55cells/mm2 (p=0.289), pre-operative mean of Coefficient of Variation (CV) was 34.87±4.37 and post-operatively was 34.70±4.06 (p=0.877), the pre-operative mean of Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) was 523.00±26.14 m and 467.36±40.61 m post-operatively (p=0.001), the mean of hexagonality pre-operatively was 64.26±8.64% and 59.96± 8.15% post-operatively (p=0.059) which was statistically insignificant. In Group B the mean Endothelial Cell Density was (ECD) 2874.50±314.48 and at three months after surgery was 2777.23±302.44cells/mm2 (p=0.227), pre-operative mean of Coefficient of Variation (CV) was 33.49±4.98 and post-operatively 33.55±4.10 (p=0.962), pre-operative mean of central corneal thickness was 538.03±26.03 and 484.50±20.55 post-operatively (p=0.001), the mean of hexagonality pre-operatively was 63.00±7.74 and 61.43±7.29% post-operatively (p=0.423).Conclusions: There's no significant effect on endothelium in patients underwent to PRK in low to moderate myopia with or without mitomycin-C. We can't judge the same results for patients with high myopia because the ablation depth will be more and theoretically the diffusion of mitomycin-C to en-dothelium would affect its function or count.