Correctional Center Research Articles

Uncemented acetabular component placement in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) – time tested method revisited-medial protrusio technique

Introduction: Proper positioning of the acetabular cup is pivotal in any total hip arthroplasty. Cases of DDH have shallow acetabulum which is deformed and oblong and the femur head corresponds to it. Identifying the correct centre of hip rotation is difficult. In this study we highlight the easy technique of “Medial protrusion technique” for cup placement. Materials and Methods: Skeletally mature patients with developmental dysplasia of hip showing clinical and radiological hip arthritis were included. Total of ten hips with DDH and hip arthritis underwent THA using this technique. Radiological evaluation with X ray and CT was done and the Harris hip score was calculated preoperatively and subsequently in all follow ups.Results: The average follow up period was 5.5 ± 1.3 years. The mean Harris hip score in these patients was 86.5 ± 1.4. Two patients out of 10 patients had excellent results, while 8 patients were rated as having good results. The average pain score was 41.6. The x-rays demonstrated good overall alignment and fixation of the acetabular cup. All cups were integrated well. Conclusion: Our study confirms that this technique is simple safe and easily reproducible and time reliable technique providing superior outcomes in uncemented THA in DDH cases.

Evaluation of Feasibility and User Acceptance of Lateral-Flow Self Testing for Viral Illness in a Correctional Center Rehabilitation Facility

Background: The role of rapid testing has proven vital in reducing infection incidence in communities through swift identification and isolation of infected individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic has been particularly catastrophic for residential carceral and rehabilitation facilities that are high-risk settings for transmission of contagious diseases. Centralized provider-based viral testing employing conventional diagnostic techniques is labor-intensive and time consuming. There is a marked unmet need for quick, inexpensive, and simple viral testing strategies. We hypothesized that rehabilitation residents could successfully test themselves employing inexpensive, disposable, antigen-based lateral-flow tests and would be willing to self-isolate and self-report to health authorities if positive.Methods: We evaluated self-testing among 50 rehabilitation residents ages 18 and older in Pomona, California, where participants self-administered an influenza lateral-flow diagnostic test (without specimen collection) with the goal of appropriately observing a control line and completed two brief written surveys, one before self-administering the lateral-flow test and one after, to determine the overall feasibility of viral self-testing and to characterize attitudes comparing self-testing and provider-based testing.Findings: A total of 50 rehabilitation residents were enrolled in this study and all 50 conducted a lateral-flow test and answered the provided surveys. Among the participants, 96% (48 of 50) achieved a positive-control line from their lateral-flow test. Most participants, 83% (34 of 41) indicated that they would prefer to perform their own rapid test instead of having a health care provider administer the test. Notably, 98% (49 of 50) indicated that they would self-isolate if the lateral-flow test returned a positive indicator suggesting the presence of a viral infection and 96% (48 of 50) would report positive results to their corresponding public health department.Interpretation: Residents in a residential rehabilitation center were widely able to successfully self-administer standard lateral-flow antigen-based rapid diagnostic kits. Self-testing was strongly preferred over tests administered by a healthcare provider. Reassuringly, almost every resident indicated that they would report any positive test result to the health department and self-isolate accordingly. Self-testing offers a promising adjunct to centralized testing, potentially better enabling swift and effective management of life-threatening infectious outbreaks among those living in high-risk congregate living settings.Funding: This study was funded by a grant awarded to Benjamin Sievers from the Pitzer College Racial Justice Initiative.Declaration of Interest: None to declare. Ethical Approval: This study was approved by both the Institutional Review Board at Pitzer College and HealthRIGHT 360’s IRB committee, project number: 2020-32R1. Pitzer College’s institutional review board’s review was carried out in accordance with the requirements of Part 46, “Protection of Human Subjects” of Title 45 of the Code of Federal Regulations and the “US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Federal-Wide Assurance (FWA) for the Protection of Human Subjects for Domestic (US) Institutions,” Pitzer College Assurance #FWA00001138.

PARENTS’ AWARENESS AND PERCEPTION OF CHILDREN’S REFRACTIVE ERROR. A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Uncorrected refractive error is the leading cause of moderate and severe visual impairment across the globe. An important driver for early detection and management of refractive errors among children is appropriate parental awareness. This study aims to understand the awareness and perception among parents of children with refractive errors utilizing the conceptual framework of Health Belief Model. This qualitative study focused to conduct semi-structured interviews of parents who sought eye care for their children. Thirty-five parents who visited an eye care center for refractive error correction of their children between 5 to 15 years of age were purposively selected. The four constructs of the Health Belief Model (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits and perceived barriers) were applied to prepare the interview guide. The voice records of participants were transcribed verbatim, coded and qualitatively analyzed to generate relevant themes. All participants were well aware of refractive errors and the implications of them on the visual and social development of children if they leave the errors untreated. However,there were varying perception about refractive error leading to serious consequences. The enanced quality of life with proper refractive correction prompted parents to seek timely eyecare for their children.

Rising Cases of COVID-19 Among Inmates in South Africa: A Concerning Public Health Matter

COVID-19 outbreak is the overwhelming public health encounter, also affecting the inmates in South African correctional centres.

IMPACT OF RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY (REBT) ON THE MANAGEMENT OF SUICIDAL IDEATION AND DEPRESSIVE TENDENCY AMONG INMATES IN CORRECTIONAL CENTER IN NSUKKA EDUCATION ZONE, NIGERIA

The problem of ineffective and inefficient rehabilitation of inmates as well as in reducing their high rates of unprecedented unwholesome behaviors informed this study. Two research questions were answered and two hypotheses were tested. The study was a quasi-experimental study that adopts pre-test and posttest control group design. The treatment session lasted for a period of 12 weeks representing 24 sessions. The study was able to identify 35 inmates with depressive tendencies and suicidal ideation. Out of the 35 consent forms distributed to 35 inmates with depressive tendencies and suicidal ideation, 20 consent forms were returned showing interest in the study. Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS) developed in 1991 with a self-report of 21 items was used for data collection with reliability ranging from α = .87 to α = .89 across samples. The Center for Epidemiology Study Depression Scale (CES-D) with 20items developed by Radloff (1977) was used to measure depression of any population of people. The internal consistency reliability coefficient of 0.88 was computed for CES-D through Cronbach Alpha statistics. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. It was found that Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) significantly improved the management of suicidal ideation and depressive tendency among inmates in correctional centers. It was concluded that REBT has been found to be significant in handling behaviuoral problems as well as in improving the management of suicidal ideation and depressive tendency among inmates in correctional centers. It was recommended that inmates should be given close monitoring by their supervisors and warders in order to emancipate them from self defeating perception, thoughts and feeling that could endanger their emotion. Counseling-psychologists and religious leaders should make it a point of duty to be rekindling hope freedom, future and belongingness.

Dugenets A.S. Administrative liability: features of legal relations involving correctional agencies

The subject of the research is the modern administrative law and administrative procedural doctrine shaping the view of the contents and nature of the legal relationship of administrative liability involving correctional agencies. The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis about significant features of legal relations of administrative liability arising, developing and terminating in the field of execution of criminal penalties. The methodology includes systematic analysis of legal academic literature, interpretation of Russian legislation on administrative offences. The main results. The static (universal for all law enforcement agencies) structure of the institution of administrative liability acquires its qualitative originality in the process of its practical implementation in the law enforcement activities of the relevant bodies and officials authorized by the state to bring to administrative responsibility through appropriate legal relations. The main part of the legal relations of administrative responsibility that develop in the activities of correctional institutions and pre-trial detention centers are of a security nature. These relations are primarily aimed not at implementing the main tasks of the legislation on administrative responsibility, but at achieving the basic goal of the func- tioning of penitentiary institutions, i.e. ensuring the public safety of objects of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. Identification and proper procedural registration of the fact of an administrative offense will be the basis for the emergence of the corresponding protective legal relationship. The authors make proposals aimed at improvement of normative regulation and practice of application of administrative coercive measures, enforced by employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. It is necessary to radically change the approach to the administrative and jurisdictional practice of correctional agencies by expanding the application of administrative responsibility to convicted persons and persons held in pre-trial detention centers. Conclusions. Administrative liability relations involving correctional agencies have specific features. The application of such liability is aimed at maintaining the normal legal regime and ensuring the public safety of the relevant penitentiary facility. Administrative responsibility should be applied by correctional agencies to citizens who are located on the territory of the penitentiary institution and pre-trial detention center, civil personnel of the penitentiary system and special agents. A doctrinal definition of the legal relationship of administrative liability involving correctional agencies is formulated by authors.

Gender-Responsive Services for Women Leaving Prison: The IF Project’s Seattle Women’s Reentry Initiative

ABSTRACT With increasing numbers of women entering and exiting prison, gender-responsive services are needed to address unique challenges women face when reentering society. Seattle Women’s Reentry (SWR), a gender-responsive reentry initiative, was implemented in 2017–2018 in King County, Washington. SWR is a collaborative partnership between the Seattle Police Department’s IF Project, the Washington State Department of Corrections, and community social service agencies to address the needs of women leaving the Washington Corrections Center for Women. Using a quasi-experimental design, this study examined 85 women (60 in the experimental group and 25 in the comparison group) released from the Washington Corrections Center for Women in 2017 and 2018. Results show a significant difference between groups with respect to violations and arrests. Factors associated with rearrest/violations were the number of post-release SWR contacts, age, and LS/CMI scores. Qualitative findings reveal program satisfaction among participants and themes that tell a story about how women navigate the reentry process showing distinct stages in the reentry process characterized by support stability, and responsibility. Research and policy implications for gender-responsive services for women leaving prison are discussed.

Restructuring Institutional Care: Challenges and Coping Measures for Children and Caregivers in Post-COVID-19 Era

The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has rattled the world and has severely compromised not only the public health system but has decelerated the global economy. In this backdrop, the article explores the dynamics of the institutional care of the out-of-home care (OHC) children, adolescents and children who are residing in alternative care homes, childcare institutions (CCIs), foster homes and who are in conflict with law like refugees or in juvenile correctional centres. The article attempts to highlight the risk factors and systematic barriers that CCIs and associated functionaries have been confronting in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. It would also catalogue the remedial, preventive and protective initiatives undertaken as best practices. The qualitative content analysis method is used to identify major themes related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and institutional care of children. Critical evaluation of literature reviews, published newspaper reports and articles and documentation of webinar proceedings is performed for theoretical and thematic conceptualisation of this article. The fundamental barriers that surfaced include financial barriers, health and nutrition, social justice, educational barriers, safety issues, administrative barriers, management, rehabilitation and integration of children living in CCIs and the ones who are leaving the CCIs. The unprecedented challenges have exposed the emergency unpreparedness and lacunae in functioning of CCIs in diverse ways. This has necessitated the undeniable need for reframing the regulatory directives for protection of child rights; accounting for the newer structural reforms aiming for standard operating procedures (SOPs); compliance and accountability guidelines; upgrading training and capacity building of the caregivers; addressing issues of psycho-social, mental health and well-being of the children and caregivers; building resilient coping strategies and enhancing the dignity, flexibility, inclusivity and sustainability in the responsive policy formulation regarding overall childcare system. This entails a multi-sectoral, participatory and coordinated approach as envisaged in United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) where the concerned stakeholders, including government legislations, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), civil societies, grassroot organisations, individual CCIs and management staff, would ensure non-discriminatory measures protecting the best interests of the children.

Discourses in accounts of rape by sex offenders in Limpopo province, South Africa

South Africa is known for having the highest number of sexual violence cases in the world. In response to these reports, the government has declared rape as a priority crime, and various measures have been put in place to address this scourge. Despite these measures, rape statistics have continued to escalate. It is against this background that this study sought to explore accounts of sexual offences, particularly reports of rape, from a sample of sex offenders. Data were drawn from five Correctional Centres in the Limpopo province. Nineteen sex offenders were selected through a purposive sampling approach and interviewed face-to-face. Discourse analysis was used to identify and analyse the patterns of talk that sex offenders drew upon to account for their sex offences. Findings revealed that ‘blame’ was the most dominant discourse cited. The ‘rhetoric of blame’ revolved around uncontained sexual desires, sexual entitlement, absent mothers, provocative dress code by women, and unfair laws that discriminated men when they asserted their sexual power in relationships with women. Multi-sectoral intervention strategies are recommended for deconstructing blame discourses that perpetuate rape offences in South Africa.

Development and implementation of a customized infection control program in South African correctional centres

Development and implementation of a customized infection control program in South African correctional centres

Corruption and Healthcare Delivery: Towards a Progressive Intervention in Nigerian Correctional Centres

Corruption is a complex and multifaceted challenge of global concern. The correctional setting in Nigeria is not exempted from the more general context of this issue. Nigeria has a poorly structured service for correctional healthcare system driven by a collection of socioeconomic and legal factors especially corruption. One of the pressing challenges in Nigerian public health is to provide services to those who need them the most, particularly those behind bars and therefore hard to reach. Yet, it remains obvious that, a significant majority of those with health problems are incarcerated in the correctional centers of Nigeria. This study which is anchored on Economic Theory of Corruption examined corrupt practices associated with healthcare delivery in Kano Central and Goron Dutse Correctional Centers. The study utilized quantitative and qualitative methods in eliciting data from convicted and awaiting trial inmates and healthcare providers. Thus, a total of 350 inmates were sampled across convicts and awaiting trial inmates through the simple random sampling technique using Wiseman’s 1999 table of sample size. In addition, two respondents (healthcare officials) were purposively sampled for in-depth interview. The findings revealed some level of negation especially as it concerns referrals and the inmates’ treatment charges outside the correctional setting. The study recommends the need for complete overhaul of the correctional healthcare delivery system in line with recommended global best practices.

Forgiveness as a spiritual construct experienced by men serving long-term sentences in Zonderwater, South Africa

This article presents the findings of research conducted on ‘forgiveness’ as a spiritual construct, religious survival strategy and meaning-giving tool during incarceration. The research was conducted with 30 men serving long-term sentences in Zonderwater, a correctional centre outside Pretoria, South Africa. A review of literature showed that forgiveness has mainly been seen as something the perpetrator owed the victim and that asking for and granting forgiveness were religious imperatives. However, this study shows that offenders, in the troubled space of incarceration, survived by putting themselves in control of forgiveness. They found peace of mind by granting forgiveness to those who caused them to be incarcerated, whilst at the same time taking responsibility for their own actions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants. Applying an interpretative phenomenological analysis methodology, the collected data were analysed and the following themes were identified: (1) forgiving those who transgressed against me; (2) the role of politics in forgiveness; (3) God’s role in forgiveness; and (4) the effects of forgiveness on the self.Contribution: This article contributes to an understanding of the construction of forgiveness as experienced by offenders, independent from the traditional victim-offender relations. Living in a troubled, unforgiving space, these men are expected to practice forgiveness by set standards. From their shared narratives, it is illustrated that their spiritual navigation with this phenomenon is not a chronological, time dependent process, but a multi-dimensional, personal journey to self-discovery.

PERAN SPIRITUALITAS DITEMPAT KERJA SEBAGAI MEDIASI PENGARUH PENERAPAN KEPEMIMPINAN SPIRITUAL TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DI BALAI PEMASYARAKATAN KELAS II KENDARI

This research was conducted with the aim of examining and explaining the influence of spiritual leadership, workplace spirituality on employee performance and examining and explaining the role of spirituality in the workplace as a mediation for the influence of spiritual leadership on employee performance. This type of research is a quantitative approach with this type of explanatory research. The population in the study were all employees of the Kendari Class II Correctional Center, totaling 61 employees not including the leadership. The sampling technique was carried out by means of a census, meaning that the object of research was all the employees of the Kendari Class II Correctional Center. Analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM) using the SmartPLS version 3.2 program package. The results showed that spiritual leadership had a significant positive effect on employee performance. Spiritual leadership has a significant positive effect on spirituality in the workplace. Spirituality in the workplace has a significant positive effect on employee performance and Spirituality in the workplace plays a role in mediating the influence of spiritual leadership on employee performance.

PEMBIMBINGAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN TERHADAP ANAK YANG BERKONFLIK DENGAN HUKUM OLEH PEMBIMBING KEMASYARAKATAN BAPAS KELAS II BUKITTINGGI

The Correctional Center through the Social Advisor is important agencies in solving criminal cases committed by children. The roles and duties of the Correctional Center are regulated in Law Number 11 2012 concerning the Child Criminal Justice System. Article 23 and Article 55. The Law on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System says that the Advisor Community is obliged to accompany children at every level of examination and Community Advisors are required to accompany children in every process child trial. However, in practice it cannot go as well has been mandated by statutory regulations. The formulation of the research problem is: How is the implementation of mentoring and guidance by community counselors for children in conflict with the law and what are the obstacles that community advisors encounter in implementing mentoring and mentoring for children in conflict with the law. This research uses empirical juridical method. Using primary and secondary data obtained from the field and from literature. The result of this research is that the Community Advisors provide assistance and guidance to children in conflict with the law through three stages, namely the initial stage, the advanced stage and the final stage. Obstacles that are encountered by Community Advisors in providing mentoring and mentoring are the small number of Community Advisors, lack of funds / budget, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, large working areas, coordination and unstable psychological condition of children.

Treatment of Opioid Dependence with Depot Buprenorphine (CAM2038) in Custodial Settings Is Safe, Effective and Cost-Effective

Background: Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is effective but resource intensive to administer safely in custodial settings, leading to significant under-treatment of opioid dependence in these settings worldwide. Methods: This open-label trial compared depot buprenorphine, CAM2038 (weekly for 4 weeks then monthly) to oral methadone ( https://www.anzctr.org.au ACTRN12618000942257). Modelled treatment costs included a comparison group on sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone. Men and women, aged>18 years of various security classifications with a diagnosis of moderate to severe DSM-5 opioid use disorder and a custodial sentence of at least six months were recruited from correctional centres in New South Wales, Australia. Findings: Between November 2018 and July 2019, 67 patients not in OAT treatment at recruitment commenced depot buprenorphine. Sixty-two patients already stable on oral methadone treatment were recruited to the comparison arm. Patients treated with depot buprenorphine commonly reported at least one adverse event related to study drug (63/67, 94%), typically mild and transient. No diversion of depot buprenorphine was identified. Retention in depot buprenorphine treatment was 92%. Self-reported use of non-prescribed opioids (primarily buprenorphine-naloxone) and injecting drug use decreased significantly among depot buprenorphine patients by 16 weeks (p<0·0001). Monthly treatment costs were: $112AUD for injectable depot buprenorphine, $339AUD for oral methadone and $1,299AUD for sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone. Interpretation: The first published study to explore depot buprenorphine in custodial settings shows treatment retention, substance use and safety outcomes comparable to those observed in community settings and for other OAT used in custodial settings, without increased risk of diversion. Depot buprenorphine is a more efficient and less costly OAT delivery method requiring less health and custodial staff resources to administer. Enhanced access to depot buprenorphine should be considered for custodial settings worldwide. Trial Registration: (https://www.anzctr.org.au ACTRN12618000942257). Funding: NSW Health funded the study, and had input into design, data collection, analysis, interpretation and write-up. The JHFMHN provided clinical support for the study. Camurus AB provided CAM2038 for study participants with no right of veto of publication or dissemination of results. Declaration of Interests: AJD reports grants from Braeburn/Camurus AB, to conduct clinical studies with buprenorphine products and travel support to Hunter New England Local Health District, which employs AJD. He is an honorary investigator on an Indivior-funded study of buprenorphine products and has served on an advisory board for Mundipharma. PSH reports grants from Braeburn/Camurus AB, to conduct clinical studies with buprenorphine products and has served on advisory boards for Lundbeck, Indivior, AbbVie and Gilead. NL reports grants from Braeburn and Camurus AB to conduct sponsored, and investigator-led clinical studies with CAM2038. NL served on Advisory Boards for Mundipharma, Indivior and Chiesi Pharmaceuticals. MC was employed by the NSW Ministry of Health, sponsors of the study. All other authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: The trial was approved by JHFMHN and the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council (AHMRC) Human Research Ethics Committees (Protocol JH File No G561/17 & HREC/ 18/JH/3), as well as the CSNSW Ethics Committee. Participation was voluntary and written, informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to the conduct of any study procedure.

Depression and experience of incarceration in North Central Nigeria: a situation analysis at Makurdi medium security prison

BackgroundHuman rights watchdogs have described conditions in Nigerian correctional facilities and detention centers as damaging to the physical and mental health of inmates. While the prevalence of mental disorders is high, access to appropriate healthcare is grossly inadequate. Understanding the current state of prison inmates’ mental health and well-being is an essential first step to addressing this important issue. This study aims to document the mental health and experiences of incarceration of inmates of the largest medium security prison in Nigeria’s Benue State.MethodsA cross-sectional survey and descriptive analysis was carried out with a random sample of 381 prison inmates of Benue State Makurdi Medium Security Prison. Survey tools included: (1) a structured questionnaire on participants’ experiences in prison, and (2) the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), a screening tool for depression.ResultsMost participants were young men (95.5%, mean age 27.95) and had completed secondary school (63.5%). While prison authorities had identified only 27 participants as having a mental disorder, 144 (37.8%) screened positive for depression. Twenty six had received professional counseling while in prison. Of the six participants who were already taking a psychotropic medication at the time of imprisonment, four received medication after being imprisoned. Approximately half, (52%) of participants were dissatisfied with prison health care.ConclusionsDespite the high prevalence of depression among prison inmates, few cases are detected and treated. Prison staff may not recognize depression as a mental disorder, and the mental health care available is generally poor. Inadequate mental health and social care not only affects prison inmates’ well-being, but may also impact recidivism and health outcomes upon release. Prison inmates should be screened routinely for depression and other less-commonly recognized mental health conditions, and appropriate treatment made available.

A CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION OF THE CRIMINAL STEALING THAT CAUSES THE DEATH OF PERSONS CONDUCTED BY CHILDREN

The crime of theft with violence is regulated in Article 365 of the Criminal Code. Ironically, this crime is committed by someone who is considered a child in the eyes of the law. This writing discusses the mechanism of investigation, constraints and solutions in the implementation of the mechanism for investigating the crime of theft with violence that causes the death of a person committed by a child.The approach method used in this research is the sociological juridical approach. The specification of this research is descriptive analysis and the source of the data that I use comes from primary data and secondary data. This writing uses an analytical knife based on the theory of justice and the theory of punishment.The mechanism for investigating the crime of theft with violence that causes the death of people is carried out starting from the existence of police reports, investigations, investigations, arrests and detention, searches, seizures, witness statements, and statements of suspects. Obstacles in implementing the investigation mechanism are internal and external constraints. The solution to the obstacle is: the investigator confirms to the suspect's legal adviser to always be present and accompany the suspect in the investigation process, the investigator maximizes his performance to look for evidence according to the maximum time limit, the investigator tries to take an emotional approach, the investigator is assisted by the Correctional Center (BAPAS) provide understanding to children to stay calm.

An Empirical Assessment of the Effectiveness of Offenders’ Rehabilitation Approach in South Africa: A Case Study of the Westville Correctional Centre in KwaZulu-Natal

The South African Department of Correctional Services (DCS) has a constitutional mandate to provide rehabilitation programs that address offenders’ criminal conducts. The rehabilitation approach currently used to deliver this mandate is grounded on the needs-based model where dynamic factors associated with recidivism are systematically targeted in the treatment of offenders’ criminal behaviors. In this research, a qualitative research methodology was employed, and a case study research design was utilized. Purposeful non-probability sampling was utilized to recruit participants. Thirty inmates and 20 correctional center officials who met the inclusion criteria for the study were selected to participate. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data during the empirical investigation. The findings of this study demonstrated that the DCS’s mission is far from being accomplished due to its failure to implement rehabilitation programs. The research study, therefore, recommends that for the success of a rehabilitation approach in South Africa, a critical review of the strategy meant to achieve this goal is required.

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Socio-Economic Status, and Criminal Behaviour: a Cross-Sectional Correctional Survey

Crime has been the bane of the Nigerian society in recent times. This study investigated the influence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and socio-economic status (SES) on criminal behaviour. The role of education qualification level on criminal behaviour was also examined. A standardized self-report questionnaire was administered to a purposively selected two hundred and fifty-three (n = 253) inmates in Agodi Correctional Centre Ibadan, Nigeria. The participants’ age ranged between 20 and 53 years with a mean age of 30 years (± 9.7). Findings revealed that 62 (24.5%) inmates committed armed robbery, 55 (21.7%) were charged for internet fraud, 47 (18.5%) were charged for property-related offences, while 35 (13.8%) committed murder. Adverse childhood experiences (family environment, peer violence, community violence, and exposure to war/collective violence) had significant independent and joint prediction on criminal behaviour (R2 = .78; F (4248) = 61.1; p = 01). Similarly, adverse childhood experiences had significant influence on general conflict tactic (R2 = .62; F (4248) = 11.2; p = .01), property crime (R2 = .37; F (4248) = 8.5; p = .05), interpersonal crime (R2 = .42; F (4248) = 10.5; p = .04), and drug crime (R2 = .61; F (4248) = 11.2; p = .02). Inmates with low economic status were more likely to commit violent crime than inmates with high SES (t (251) = 3.26; p = 0.02). Younger inmates (t (251) = 5.32; p = .01) and those with low education (t (251) = 4.11; p = 0.01) committed more violent crime than older and highly educated inmates. Ethnicity had significant influence on criminal behaviour (F (1, 252) = 6.27; p = .002). Attention needs to be shifted to management of childhood adversity and improving socio-economic status for crime control in Nigeria.

The Relationship between Some Components of Prisoner’s Psychological Well-Being and Duration in Prison in Hosssana Correctional Center

The Relationship between Some Components of Prisoner’s Psychological Well-Being and Duration in Prison in Hosssana Correctional Center