Correction Of Metabolic Processes Research Articles

Organ-protective effects of the alternative renin-angiotensin system and prospects for therapeutic treatment. Review

The article is devoted to review the data regarding the identification of biochemical and functional features of the components of the renin‑angiotensin system using the tools of bibliometric analysis of scientific literature. A modern interpretation by the dividing of the multifunctional complex into two systems, namely the classical renin‑angiotensin system and alternative renin‑angiotensin system, in accordance with the definition of biological effects, is given. The enzymatic cascade involved in the production and metabolism of peptides in both classical and non‑classical pathways of renin‑angiotensin systems is shown from the point of view of the evolution of scientific concepts. The triggering role of components of the classical renin‑angiotensin system in pathophysiological processes with transformation into cardiovascular diseases and metabolic dysfunction has been proven. The history of the creation of pharmacological drugs for the correction of the classic renin‑angiotensin system is presented. In view of the achievement of recent years, the revision of the alternative renin‑angiotensin system is emphasized due to the discovery of the counter‑regulatory action of the angiotensin‑converting enzyme 2, angiotensin‑(1—7), the Mas receptor in relation to their correction of metabolic processes, regulation of blood pressure, and the presence of anti‑fibrotic, anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The positive effect of the components of the non‑classical renin‑angiotensin system on the protection of the cardiovascular system and kidney is presented based on the results of experimental studies on animals. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics characteristics of recombinant angiotensin‑converting enzyme 2 in experiments on healthy volunteers are highlighted. The potential protective effects of angiotensin‑converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin‑(1—7) concerning cardiometabolic risk are presented. The available data indicate the need for further comprehensive scientific investigations of the components of alternative renin‑angiotensin system to create a new class of pharmacological agents with their implementation in medical practice.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЭКСТРАКТА КОРЫ ЛИСТВЕННИЦЫ В КОРМЛЕНИИ СВИНЕЙ

The article presents materials from research on the use of Dahurian larch bark extract in the nutrition of weaned piglets, as an activation of metabolic processes, increasing pathogenetic resistance and preventing diarrhea. The studies were carried out on the pig farm of the collective farm in Kaluga region. on two groups of large white x landrace crossbred piglets during the growing period after weaning until placement for fattening lasting 70 days. Based on the principle of analogues, two groups of weaned piglets were formed: control and experimental. Piglets in the control group received standard complete feed. The piglets of the experimental group received larch bark extract powder, 4 g per head per day, as part of their general diet. The use of larch bark extract in feeding piglets contributed to an increase in the body's adaptive capacity, pathogenetic resistance and correction of metabolic processes, which ensured a higher realization of the genetic potential of pigs. Thus, in the blood serum of piglets receiving larch bark extract. the total protein content was 72.6 g/l, which was higher than that of the control by 5.7%, mainly due to the albumin fraction. In piglets of the experimental group, the serum creatinine content was 6.4% higher. They also significantly improved the functional state of the liver, as indicated by a twofold decrease in the bilirubin content in the blood serum (P<0.01). Changes in metabolism in piglets of the experimental group had a positive effect on the productivity and safety of the livestock. Thus, during the 70-day period of application of Daurian larch bark extract, the gross gain of piglets was 33.1 kg with an average daily gain of 473 g versus 28.1 kg and 416 g, respectively, in the control, which was 13.7% higher.

Scientifically based method for correcting the metabolic processes of highly productive cows in a biogeochemical province

The present study describes the features of the metabolic processes correction in cows with clinical signs of microelementosis (hypocobaltosis, hypocuprosis, rumen acidosis) in the biogeochemical province of the Chelyabinsk region. Study of the anamnesis showed that the deficiency of essential microelements (copper, cobalt, zinc, manganese), excess of iron and the presence of heavy metals (nickel) in environmental objects (soil, water, feed), in the blood of animals, deficiency of sugar, vitamins and low sugar-protein ratio in the feed ration caused the metabolic disorders and diseases of non-contagious etiology (hypocobaltosis, hypocuprosis, rumen acidosis) in the body of highly productive cows. Presence of metabolic disorders was confirmed by the results of morpho- biochemical studies of the blood of cows. In accordance with the purpose of the work, two groups of cows (experimental and control) of the first lactation trimester, 10 heads each, were formed using the principle of analogues. Metabolic disorders in the experimental group of cows were corrected using a complex daily therapy that included beet molasses (1.5 kg in a 1:3 dilution), sunflower cake (1.5 kg), I-sak 1026 (YEA-SACC1026) yeast culture at the rate of 1 g per 1 ton of planned milk (5-7 g per head per day) and “targeted” mineral premix (salts of cobalt sulfate (760 mg), copper sulfate (570 mg), manganese sulfate (650 mg), zinc sulfate (450 mg)). The mineral enterosorbent Vitartil (0.1 g/kg of body weight) was applied daily, in cycles of 15 days with an interval of 15 days. The duration of the experiment was 45 days. Corrective treatment was not performed in the control group of animals. The level of essential microelements in the blood of experimental cows increased on the 45th day of the study, whereas the level of iron and the toxic element nickel decreased compared to the background and values of the control group. Correction of metabolic processes was accompanied by an increase in the content of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, glucose, total protein, albumins in the blood of cows, a decrease in transamination enzymes, proteins of the β-globulins and γ- globulins classes, normalization of the clinical status of animals, improvement of cicatricial digestion, an increase in milk productivity and reproductive ability of cows. The correction of metabolic processes, carried out in the experimental group, gave a positive effect, but did not lead to a complete normalization of the parameters characterizing all types of cow metabolism, so it is necessary to continue the treatment.

УЛУЧШЕНИЕ МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКОГО СТАТУСА И ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ СВИНЕЙ НА ОТКОРМЕ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ В РАЦИОНЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ КОРМОВЫХ ДОБАВОК

The objects of research are the antioxidant dihydroquercetin and the blue-green algae Spirulina (Spirulina platensis), which are used in feeding pigs during fattening and before slaughter. The experiment was carried out in OOO "Myasoagroprom" on a crossbred livestock of pigs obtained by crossing a large white breed (broodstock) with Landrace and Duroc breeds (boars). Were formed, according to the principle of analogues, two groups of pigs for fattening, control and experimental. Pigs in the control group received standard complete feed. The pigs of the experimental group received 3 mg of powder of blue-green alga Spirulina and the antioxidant dihydroquercetin to the general diet – 1.5 mg per 1 kg of live weight per day. The use of dihydroquercetin, blue-green alga Spirulina in feeding pigs contributed to an increase in the adaptive capacity of the organism, pathogenetic resistance and correction of metabolic processes, which ensured a higher realization of the genetic potential of pigs. In these studies, giving feed additives prevented hyperbilirubinmia. As a result, the concentration of total bilirubin in the blood serum of the pigs in the experimental group was 17.4% lower than in the control group. The introduction of feed additives into the diet had a positive effect on the functional state of the liver. This is evidenced by a 17.6% lower content in the blood serum of ASAT activity in the experimental group compared to that in pigs in the control group. The blood cholesterol content of pigs in the control group exceeded the level of physiological norms and amounted to 3.1±0.12 mM/L, while in the experimental group 2.6±0.07 mM/L, which indicates a positive effect of the introduced feed additives in the diet Pigs. At the end of the experiment, the live weight of the pigs in the experimental group in comparison with the analogs from the control was 2.3 kg more. The safety of pigs in the control group was 93%, in the experimental group – 100%.

Conditions for the formation of stable probiotic emulsions of wheat germ oil

The results of the formation of emulsions of a biologically active additive - wheat germ oil in a defatted fermented milk medium fermented by a consortium of probiotic microorganisms B. bifidum, B. longum, B. adolescentis, L. casei, L. rhamnosus, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. fermentum. The dispersion medium contained at least 109 CFU in 1 g, the pH was 3.65-4.75, the titratable acidity was 120-130oT. The possibility of obtaining stable emulsions with a concentration of wheat germ oil up to 50% is shown. An increase in the capacity and stability of emulsions was established in 1.1-5.9, 1.3-10.6, 1.5-4.0, 1.7-4.7, 1.3-9.7, 1.2 -5.1 when introduced into the dispersion medium 0.5-3.5% of egg white, xanthan gum, egg powder, lecithin, guar gum, skimmed milk powder, respectively. The effect of the speed of rotation of the working body of the emulsifier in the range of 1000-3000 rpm on the emulsifying ability of the dispersion medium and the sedimentation stability of emulsions has been established. An approximating dependence of the emulsifying ability on the concentration of the emulsifier was obtained, taking into account the linear, quadratic and cubic influence of the factor. The results obtained provide a scientific basis for the process of obtaining biologically highly active probiotic emulsions based on wheat germ oil for the alimentary correction of metabolic processes in the human body. High emulsifying ability and sedimentation stability are ensured by the additional introduction of emulsifying substances into the fermented dispersion medium. The resulting emulsions had high organoleptic properties, have a more pronounced biocorrective effect on a number of important body functions, due to the combination of MZP with lacto- and bifidobacteria.

The influence of feed additives used to correct metabolic processes in the rumen cows to biochemical indicators of blood from after calving

Purpose: estimation of the possibility of using a mixture of feed additive "BioGrom SC" and the food antibiotic "Monenzin" for normalizing metabolic processes in highly productive cows in the transit period.Materials and methods. Studies were conducted because of the tribal plant of the Leningrad region. Two groups of animals were selected on the principle of analogs (experimental and control) 20 goals in each. The experimental group of cows 21 days before the calving and for 14 days after the calves were given a mixture of feed additive "BioGrom SC" and the food antibiotic "Monenzin". For the cottage additives, calcium carbonate (chalk) was used as a filler in the amount of 250 g with the addition of 10-15 g. Supplements "BioGrom SC" by 1 head. The mixture was prepared at the rate of 20 goals and a food antibiotic "Monenzin" was added to it at the rate of 100 mg per 1 kg of a mixture of feed additive with filler. The resulting mixture was fed by animals of the experimental group. All animal experimental and control groups take blood for 21 days before the hotel. The total protein, beta hydroxy acid, acetoacetic acid, alkaline blood reserve, calcium-phosphoric ratio, glucose is determined. At the end of the transit period on the 21st day of lactation, the blood of animal control and experimental groups was repeatedly investigated.Results. In the cows of the experimental group, in comparison with the cows of the control group at the end of the transit period, a decrease in such biochemical indicators was observed as beta hydroxy acid (a decrease to 0.84 ± 0.03 mmol / l), acetoacetic acid (decrease to 0.4 ± 0, 04 mmol / l). The animals of the experimental group decreased the content of the general protein (77.0 ± 0.08 g / l). Also, the data of the backup alkalinity of blood (acidose indicator) are within reference values. Calcium phosphorus ratio was also within the normal range.Conclusion. Introduction to the diet of a mixture of feed additive "BioGrom SC" and food antibiotic "Monenzin" normalize some biochemical blood indicators in cows in the transit period. At the same time, without correction of metabolic processes, cows are observed ketosis and acidosis, which can lead to premature disposal of animals from herd and as a result of economic losses. Thus, the use of the mixture is shown for the prevention and treatment of acidosis of the scar, metabolic acidosis, ketosis in cattle of the dairy direction of productivity.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ РЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТИ ОРГАНИЗМА СВИНЕЙ ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ В ПИТАНИИ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО МИКРОКОРМОВОГО ПРОДУКТА

The object of research is the components of feed additives, namely dihydroquercetin, blue-green algae spirulina and organic iodine, in various combinations used in feeding piglets from the first days of feeding and before transferring them to fattening, at the age of 90 days. Three groups of piglets, one control and two experimental ones, were formed according to the principle of analogues. Piglets of the first experimental group received to the general diet, a feed additive MKBA-1, consisting of Spirulina – 1 mg, dihydroquercetin – 3 mg, organic iodine – 1,5 mg per 1,5 kg of live weight per day; piglets of the second experimental group to the main diet received a feed supplement ICBA-1, consisting of Spirulina – 2 mg and dihydroquercetin – 2 mg per 3 kg of live weight per day. The use of dihydroquercetin, blue-green algae spirulina and organic iodine in various combinations in feeding piglets contributed to an increase in the adaptive ability of the body, pathogenetic reactivity and correction of metabolic processes, which provided a higher realization of the genetic potential of pigs. The introduction of feed additives into the diet of pigs contributed to an increase in the bactericidal activity of blood serum in the first experimental group by 1%, in the second experimental group by 14,1%, compared with the control group. The number of white blood cells in piglets of the experimental groups was lower and red blood cells is higher compared to piglets in the control group, which was reflected in the hemoglobin content of blood, which was higher than piglets from the control group by 2% and 8,9%, respectively.

Корекція функціонального статусу ендотелію як потенційної мішені у хворих із серцево-судинними захворюваннями та метаболічними розладами

Серцево-судинні (ССЗ) та обмінні захворювання (такі як ожиріння та цукровий діабет) наразі є основними проблемами зі здоров’ям у всьому світі. Одним із найважливіших патофізіологічних зв’язків між цими станами є наявність оксиду азоту (NO), який постійно виробляється з умовно незамінної амінокислоти L-аргініну. NO є важливою паракринною речовиною, яка продукується ендотелієм для регуляції судинного тонусу. Розвиток і прогресування атеросклерозу пов’язано з дисфункцією ендотелію та зниженням біодоступності NO. Встановлено, що ожиріння також пов’язано зі зменшенням продукції NO, викликаної порушенням біодоступності його субстрату — аргініну, а збільшенню вмісту аргініну в ендотелії запобігає гіпертензія, яка часто поєднується з ожирінням. L-аргінін є амінокислотою, необхідною ферменту ендотеліальній NO-синтазі (eNOS) для продукції NO. Мета — бібліографічний огляд наукових публікацій. Результати. У даному огляді розглянуто фізіологічну роль NO у функціонуванні різних системорганізму. Наведено дані щодо метаболізму L-аргініну, його біодоступності та механізмів дії. Проаналізовано літературні дані про ефективність і безпечність застосування різних доз L-аргініну в пацієнтів з ожирінням, цукровим діабетом, інсулінорезистентністю (ІР) та артеріальною гіпертензією. Висновки. Питання дози та тривалості застосування аргініну сьогодні вимагають подальшого вивчення. Результати багатьох досліджень, в яких оцінювали використання аргініну в дорослих з ожирінням, дозволяють припустити, що аргінін може бути безпечним, недорогим і ефективним терапевтичним засобом за ожиріння та позитивно впливає на корекцію метаболічних процесів, а саме на ІР. Ефективність застосування L-аргініну як додаткової терапії до основної схеми лікування отримала підтвердження за артеріальної гіпертензії, цукрового діабету та ІР. Аналіз літератури свідчить, що застосування L-аргініну є безпечним у діапазоні до 30 г на добу, хоча в більшості досліджень використовували дози від 6 до 12 г на добу.

Peculiarity of the Functional State of the Small Intestine in the Use of Diets from Uzbek and European Dishes in Case of Chronic Poisoning with Bagir Insecticide and Correction of Metabolic Processes by Medicinal Plants

Peculiarity of the Functional State of the Small Intestine in the Use of Diets from Uzbek and European Dishes in Case of Chronic Poisoning with Bagir Insecticide and Correction of Metabolic Processes by Medicinal Plants

ВЛИЯНИЕ АНТИОКСИДАНТА ДИГИДРОКВЕРЦЕТИНА И ПРЕБИОТИКА АРАБИНОГАЛАКТАНА НА БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ КРОВИ И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПЕЧЕНИ СВИНЕЙ В ПОСТНАТАЛЬНОМ ОНТОГЕНЕЗЕ

The article presents the materials of an experiment conducted in the Kaluga region, Zhukovsky district, farm named after Guryanov, on three groups of pigs, large white breed, 10 animals each, two of which were experimental, and one control. The experimental groups of pigs received feed, balanced on nutrients, the first experimental group also received dihydroquercetin in the amount of 1 mg/kg of live weight per day, the second, experimental group received arabinogalactan 1,0 mg/kg of live weight per day. Feed additives were introduced into the diet of piglets from 15 days of age to slaughter at the age of 194 days. The experiment took place during the period of abnormal heat and smog. As a result of the experiment, it was revealed that the introduction of antioxidant, prebiotic actions into natural feed contributed to an increase in the body's adaptive ability to stress factors, correction of metabolic processes, which as a result ensured a higher realization of the genetic potential of pigs.

Effect of hemin and glutathione on some indicators of nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism in rats

The accumulation of heme in the organism under the influence of various hemolytic factors can cause the development of oxidative stress with the activation of free radical processes, oxidative damage to macromolecules and supramolecular complexes of cells and tissues. Under these conditions, the antioxidant defense system is activated in the organism, an important link of which is thiol compounds, particularly glutathione. Under such conditions, the processes of nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism associated with the formation of adaptive reactions in response to stress have been investigated insufficiently. The aim of this work is to study some indicators of nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism during the administration of hemin and the combined administration of hemin and glutathione to clarify the role of this antioxidant in the possible correction of metabolic processes. The subjects of the study were mature outbred albino male rats that received intraperitoneal injections of hemin (50 mg/kg) and glutathione (500 mg/kg) solutions, which was administered 0.5 hours before the introduction of hemin. The animals were tested 2 hours after hemin administration. The content of total and non-protein -SH groups, and the activity of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in liver and kidney homogenates, glycogen content and tyrosinaminotransferase (TAT) activity in liver homogenate were studied. The content of reduced -SH groups can be an indicator of pro-antioxidant balance, GGT activity is one of the indicators of glutathione metabolism, and glycogen content and TAT activity in liver are hormone-sensitive indicators. The introduction of hemin caused a decrease in the content of total and non-protein -SH groups, glycogen content and an increase in TAT activity in liver, as well as an increase in the activity of GGT in this organ. Administration of glutathione to rats 30 minutes before the administration of hemin prevented shifts in these parameters in liver caused by the administration of hemin alone. In kidneys, an increase in the content of total -SH groups was found after the combined administration of glutathione and hemin compared with the effect of hemin alone. The results of this study may indicate a sensitivity of nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism in rat organs to the effect of hemin and the corrective effect of glutathione under these conditions, probably mediated through an increase in the thiol component of the antioxidant defense system.

Influence of the phenotype of the disease on the parameters of the antioxidant defense system and the level of some interleukins in the blood of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease involving the pathological process, of bronchopulmonary and cardiovascular systems. This is a complex disease in which inflammation plays a leading role in the formation of the whole complex of pathological changes. COPD accompanies local deficit of antiproteases, excessive formation of active forms of oxygen, inducing uncontrolled lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. An increase in the level of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, is particularly significant in the combination of chronic obstructive disease with metabolic syndrome. Determination of a specific phenotype of COPD, and the degree of disruption of protective and adaptive systems in these forms of the disease course allows optimizing the treatment regimens for patients. The purpose of this work was to identify additional biochemical and biophysical markers of phenotyping and monitoring of therapy in patients with COPD of different phenotype and severity level in the acute stage on the basis of studying the main indicators of the system of antioxidant protection of blood and some cytokines. Significant differences in antioxidant system (AOS) indices in patients with COPD of different phenotype and severity were determined. The established differences in the activity of erythrocyte enzymes and the overall antioxidant activity of blood plasma can serve as an important additional link for the phenotyping of COPD. Complex treatment with the use of anticoagulants, normalizing the rheological properties of blood and mucolytics with pronounced antioxidant properties, reduces the level of prooxidant load on the body due to correction of metabolic processes and has the most pronounced effect on AOS blood parameters and cytokine profile.

Профілактика хвороб печінки у курей яєчного напрямку продуктивності

The article gives brief statistics of state poultry industry in Ukraine, its importance in the market of the country and problematics. The most common pathologies of non-contagious etiology in poultry associated with impaired metabolism are examined in the article. The data on age features of metabolism, level of metabolic processes and critical physiological and technological periods in laying hen sis shown. The greatest load takes over the liver, which is directly or indirectly involved in all metabolic and functional changes of hepatocytes cause a breach in the systems of organs and in organism as a whole. The analysis of scientific literature and numerous studies in recent years shows that the disease of the liver (hepatosis or dystrophy of hepatocytes, hepatitis and cirrhosis) are very common among poultry and are composed from 5.0 to 50.8% of all non-communicable diseases. A feature of these diseases is hidden (subclinical) course, which complicates their timely diagnosis and effective prevention. One direction solution to the problem is to normalize metabolic processes in the body and morpho-functional state of the liver is to use hepatoprotectors. It is established that the group of these medications in recent years, acquired widespread adoption due to the intensive rearing of poultry and for protection their organism against unfavorable external and internal environment. Hepatoprotectors, improving metabolism in the liver, provide intensive growth, development and high productivity of poultry. The selection studies of physiological period of laying hens for using hepatoprotectors in the prevention of liver diseases is required, in particular hepatosis for conducting clinical examination of how the system measures to prevent metabolic diseases of poultry. It is necessary to improve methods of early diagnosis the dysfunction of the liver and use effective methods of correction of metabolic processes.

МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПОЛНОЦЕННОГО, БЕЗОПАСНОГО ПИТАНИЯ: ЗНАЧЕНИЕ В СОХРАНЕНИИ ЗДОРОВЬЯ И РАБОТОСПОСОБНОСТИ

Aim. To study methodological aspects of modern nutritional science considering healthy diet, health promotion and maintenance of working capacity. Materials and Methods. Scientific methodological analysis of aspects of modern nutritional science considering healthy diet, health promotion and maintenance of working capacity. Results. The research determined the following priorities of nutritional science: prevention of common nutritional diseases using specialized foods with different functionality including dietary supplements; individualized diet; energetic aspects of ontogenesis considering the structure of modern nutrition and its effect on metabolic functions of the body; safety of alimentary raw materials and foods; understanding of mechanisms of optimal pre- and postnatal development. Conclusion. Special focus is set on new fields of nutritional science – genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics – aimed to provide the understanding of mechanisms associated with influence of nutrition on correction of metabolic processes within ontogenesis.

МАРКЕРИ РОЗПАДУ КОЛАГЕНУ В РОЗВИТКУ ПРОЛАПСУ ГЕНІТАЛІЙ У ЖІНОК В ПЕРИМЕНОПАУЗІ.

Одним із поширених захворювань у жінок перименопаузального віку є пролапс геніталій, асоційований з дисплазією сполучної тканини. З метою вивчення патогенетичного значення маркерів розпаду колагену у розвитку пролапсу геніталій у жінок в перименопаузі обстежено 90 пацієнток з генітальним пролапсом та ознаками ДСТ і 30 жінок у перименопаузі без пролапсу геніталій і фенотипових ознак дисплазії сполучної тканини. У пацієнток з пролапсом геніталій в поєднанні з ДСТ відзначалися порушення колагеноутворення, порушення в системі матриксних металопротеїназ, обміну глікозаміногліканів і мінерального обміну. Корекція обмінних процесів дозволить профілактизувати подальше прогресування захворювання.

Correction of metabolic processes in rats during chronic endotoxicosis using isotope (D/H) exchange reactions

The effect of isotope exchange reactions (deuterium/protium, D/H) on morphofunctional indices and the state of the antioxidant blood system in rats was studied under physiological conditions and during experimental chronic endotoxicosis of hepatorenal genesis. It was demonstrated that introduction of water with a decreased content of deuterium in the food rations of rats results in a decrease in its concentration in the blood plasma by 32-36% (to 98-106 ppm) and in lyophilized liver, kidney, and heart tissues by 13-17% (to 123-128 ppm). It was noted that it is accompanied by correction of metabolic processes, an increase in the functional activity of nonspecific protection system, and an increase in the body weight growth by the 42nd day in the group of animals that passed (for 14 days) the stage of preliminary adaptation with a change in the D/H ratio in the organism.