Correction Mechanism Research Articles

The role of governance in girl‐child education: Insights on the odds against Nigerian women in leadership

AbstractIt is widely recognized that prioritizing female education is the global best investment. This is because the promotion of girls' access to education is essential for increasing women's formal economic opportunities and their participation in public decision‐making in the long term. Thus, understanding the nexus between governance and women empowerment becomes central for developing new thinking and addressing prevailing challenges. The study, therefore, examines the impact of governance effectiveness on school enrolment, primary, female (% gross) in Nigeria between 1996 and 2020, using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration and vector error correction mechanism (VECM) for the assessment of long‐run causality. Results show that governance effectiveness has a significant and positive effect on female primary school enrolment in the long run and in the short run. In addition, findings indicate that there exists bidirectional causality between the effectiveness of governance and female primary school enrolment, suggesting that these indicators are interconnected as they could influence each other. While it is recognized that government policies seem to have failed to redress the norms, societal values, and behaviors that contribute to the perpetuation of inequalities in education enrolment, good governance could further stimulate capacity development, thereby enhancing girl‐child education.

The Stability of Relativistic Fluids in Linearly Expanding Cosmologies

Abstract In this paper, we study cosmological solutions to the Einstein–Euler equations. We first establish the future stability of nonlinear perturbations of a class of homogeneous solutions to the relativistic Euler equations on fixed linearly expanding cosmological spacetimes with a linear equation of state $p=K \rho $ for the parameter values $K \in (0,1/3)$. This removes the restriction to irrotational perturbations in earlier work [ 15] and relies on a novel transformation of the fluid variables that is well-adapted to Fuchsian methods. We then apply this new transformation to show the global regularity and stability of the Milne spacetime under the coupled Einstein–Euler equations, again with a linear equation of state $p=K \rho $, $K \in (0,1/3)$. Our proof requires a correction mechanism to account for the spatially curved geometry. In total, this is indicative that structure formation in cosmological fluid-filled spacetimes requires an epoch of decelerated expansion.

Intentional Understanding and Human-Computer Collaboration: A Smart Pen for Solid Geometry Teaching

The current teaching mode in geometry mainly focuses on two-dimensional levels, and the teaching tools utilized are static and not interactive. This paper proposes the use of a smart pen for three-dimensional geometry experimental teaching and a multimodal intention understanding and human-computer collaboration algorithm for the smart pen. The primary innovations of this paper lie in the development of a smart pen and a virtual platform for geometry education tailored for geometry experimental instruction. This system can promptly perceive and comprehend user behavior in real-time. Furthermore, a standardized topological equivalence model is proposed as the basis for a point selection strategy. By establishing correspondence between the modeled point selection model and the actual operation scene, the behavioral intent imposed on the model is applied to the operation object of the actual scene. Additionally, CNN-based and information entropy-based multimodal fusion intention understanding models are proposed for different input modalities to capture the operational intention of users by fusing their multimodal input data. The algorithm further improves the accuracy rate through an error correction mechanism based on implicit interaction to achieve better human-computer collaboration. The algorithm proposed in this paper has resulted in a 0.47-second improvement in point selection average time and achieved an intent understanding accuracy of 98.21%. This improvement leads to better fault tolerance and fluency during human-computer interaction, reduces the cognitive load on the user, and improves the overall user experience.

Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Financial Stability in Developing Countries: The Nigerian Experience

The relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and financial stability is of increasing concern among economies. The volume and structure of FDI can affect the financial system's stability. This study examines the effect of FDI on financial stability in Nigeria between 2003:1 and 2019:4. The data were subjected to a stationarity test using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, and the test result shows that all variables were integrated in the order of 1. The Johansen cointegration test result showed a long-run relationship between all the dependent and independent variables. The hypotheses were tested using Error Correction Mechanism (ECM). It was found that the short runs deviations will adjust to their long-run equilibrium by 17.3% quarterly. The findings show that FDI as a percentage of GDP positively affects Nigeria's financial stability. In contrast, FDI as a percentage of fixed investment and net FDI have a significant negative effect on Nigeria's financial stability. The study, therefore, concluded that inflows of FDI play a significant role in the Nigeria’s financial stability. Based on the findings, the study recommends that authorities such as Ministry responsible for trade, commerce, and investment create an enabling investment environment such as regulations for protecting investors interests to attract FDI into the system.

Transfer of the Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon Improves Joint Kinematics of the Medial Column during Simulated Stance Phase in Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity

Category: Hindfoot; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Medial longitudinal arch collapse is one of the key clinical and radiographic features of progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) and can occur anywhere within its three constituents: first tarsometatarsal (TMT1), naviculo- cuneiform (NC), and talonavicular (TN) joints. Medial column osteotomy or fusion has typically been utilized to address this instability. A new procedure involving transferring the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon to the 1st metatarsal base has shown promising results in restoring radiographic alignment of the entire medial column in conjunction with a hindfoot procedure. However, the mechanism of correction in a dynamic environment is unclear. Thus, this study examined the effect of medial column stabilization using FHL transfer on the foot and ankle kinematics during stance phase. Methods: Twelve mid-tibia cadaveric specimen (6 male; Age 48 ± 16 years) underwent stance phase simulations using a validated six-degree of freedom robotic gait simulator. Three conditions were tested each cadaveric specimen: pre-deformity (Intact), after creating a simulated progressive collapsing foot deformity (sPCFD), and after an FHL transfer (FHL). Motion capture cameras tracked the motion of retroreflective markers inserted into bones of the foot and ankle. The FHL transfer was performed on each specimen by harvesting the FHL tendon at its distal insertion and fixing it in the 1st metatarsal with a biotenodesis screw (Figure 1A). Outcome measures include joint rotations of the TMT1, NC, TN, subtalar, and ankle joint. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in joint kinematics were statistically analyzed by constructing 95% confidence intervals of the repeated measures difference between both the sPCFD and FHL conditions and the intact condition. Results: The FHL condition demonstrated significant differences in the kinematics of the medial column compared to the sPCFD condition (Figure 1B). The TMT1 joint showed increased plantarflexion in early and late stance, as well as increased eversion during early and mid-stance. The NC joint demonstrated increased plantarflexion, eversion, and abduction during early stance. At the TN joint, there was increased inversion during early and late stance, as well as increased adduction during mid-stance. At the subtalar joint, subtalar eversion was decreased during early stance, and no significant differences were observed from the intact condition throughout stance. No differences were found in the ankle joint kinematics across all conditions. Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrate that the medial column stabilization procedure with FHL transfer can improve the kinematics of the medial column in sPCFD. Additionally, the correction at the TN and subtalar joint demonstrates the potential efficacy of this procedure for hindfoot correction. The correction occurred during the earlier stance phase as well when the FHL is not active, suggesting that this procedure provides correction in both a dynamic and static manner. This procedure can be used in conjunction with hindfoot corrective procedures in PCFD, particularly when preoperative imaging suggests multiple levels of instability within the medial column.

The Causal Relationship between Financial Development, Financial Globalization and National Savings in Pakistan

Financial globalization has a role in transmitting information within financial markets and helps in financial development. Additionally, financial globalization facilitates risk diversification alleviates the negative consequences of economic recessions, enabling nations to engage in international borrowing and lending activities, thus stabilizing income, consumption, investment and savings levels. This research study analyzes the causal nexus between financial development, financial Globalization and national savings in Pakistan. Co-integration test indicates co-integration vector henceforth, there is relationship between variables in the long run. The causal relation is determined through vector error correction mechanism and it is found that there is long run bidirectional causality between financial development, financial globalization and national savings in Pakistan. This study recommends that monetary authorities in Pakistan to encourage financial inclusion as the ratio of account holders in financial sector is very low. This will encourage documented economy and savings will be channelized to productive sectors. Likewise, financial development up gradation with par with international standards will not only encourage domestic savings but also help in financial globalization.

Discriminative subspace embedded dynamic geometrical and statistical alignment based on pseudo-label correction for cross-domain bearing fault diagnosis

Many domain adaptation (DA) approaches have been developed to address the challenge of domain divergence in cross-domain fault diagnosis. However, most of them only attempt to align statistical distribution while neglecting geometric alignment between source and target data. Furthermore, the use of some unreliable pseudo-labels may cause geometrical and statistical distributions mismatching and interfere with the DA model generating correct pseudo-labels during the iterative learning. In this paper, we propose a new model called discriminative subspace embedded dynamic geometrical and statistical alignment based on pseudo-label correction (DSDGSA-PC) for bearing fault diagnosis. Firstly, discriminative subspace alignment is proposed to mitigate feature redundancy and divergence by generating aligned subspaces for two domains, while preserving class discriminative information and global structures of data. Then, DSDGSA-PC leverages the representer theorem and the principle of structural risk minimization to learn a domain-invariant classifier in the subspace, while minimizing statistical and geometrical shift by jointly optimizing dynamic graph embedding and dynamic weighted distribution alignment strategies. Finally, a novel pseudo-label correction mechanism is integrated into DSDGSA-PC to evaluate the credibility of pseudo-labels and rectify the unreliable ones during the iterations. The experimental results illustrate that DSDGSA-PC has higher transfer performance compared to several advanced methods on 24 transfer tasks.

Algorithm of methodological aspects of nature management in Ukraine as constitutionally motivated requirements of today

A constitutionally motivated algorithm of methodological aspects of land and nature use, especially in the agricultural sphere, which is an effective mechanism (tool) for painless correction (elimination) of assumed errors in the process of the so-called «land reform» in Ukraine. The need to demarcate the rights of two different property objects to «land», namely: — to «land plot» (border) as an object of civil rights; and — on «land and its natural resources» as natural objects of ownership of the Ukrainian people, which are located within such areas, as well as the introduction of a de facto institute of nature management on a paid basis according to established regulations. It has been established that the criminal replacement of the current constitutional land norm of «use» with the unconstitutional factor of «distribution» contributes to the self-righteous use of natural resources as objects of someone else's property. A system mechanism is recommended for the implementation of approved project solutions of architectural, construction and land management arrangement in the entire geospace of the state, forming a balanced land use — from the standpoint of national interests and the interests of local communities. It has been proven that the application of this mechanism will eliminate any obstacles and objections in the primary identification and certification of all natural objects (existing and rehabilitated) that have a nature reserve, nature protection, water regulation, health, recreational, historical and cultural and other value. The outlined constitutional right will act fairly in the process of determining (removing from intensive use) plots in agro-landscapes that are subject to liming, afforestation and have environmental significance. It has been established that the main role as a factor of responsible financial support in the process of formation and formation of all such Ukrainian business entities (according to the target functional purpose) will be performed by the Budget of the National Land Institution of Ukraine together with and with the participation of able-bodied citizens who will independently decide in what way they will carry out their comfortable living in the relevant territory, as well as the budgets of local communities at the basic level. It is planned to organize more than 250,000 (preferably more than 500,000) new private family farms and peasant farms (ancestral, family estates) created by young families (the priority right is granted — to participants in hostilities (soldiers — winners) and their families) and their families), mainly, without hired workers, with a total area of almost 10 million hectares of small arable land massifs and other (4–5 million hectares) adjacent lands.

Dynamics Relationship of ASEAN-Financial Center Stock Market Valuation: A Cointegration Study

"This study investigates dynamic relationship of stock market valuation between ASEAN and financial center. Dynamic relations between stock market valuation reflects fundamental changes in stock that are driven by common global factors across markets. We model the relations in form of error correction model using two popular valuation proxies: Price to Earnings (PE) and Price to Book value (PB) with growth differential, inflation differential and global policy uncertainty index as the control variables. We estimate the model using the methodology developed by Kripfganz and Scheneider (2018) on a monthly dataset of 5 ASEAN countries and 4 financial centers between March 2010 to December 2021. We find positive and highly significant long-run relations and error correction mechanisms between ASEAN stock market valuation and those of financial center. The pattern is quite varied at country level perhaps due to country specific characteristics."

Metabolic Tissue Swelling and Local Microcirculation in Splanchnic Artery Occlusion Shock: Implications for Critical Illness.

Trauma is a leading cause of death in the United States. Advancements in shock resuscitation have been disappointing because the correct upstream mechanisms of injury are not being targeted. Recently, significant advancements have been shown using new cell-impermeant molecules that work by transferring metabolic water from swollen ischemic cells to the capillary, which restores tissue perfusion by microcirculatory decompression. The rapid normalization of oxygen transfer improves resuscitation outcomes. Since poor resuscitation and perfusion of trauma patients also causes critical illness and sepsis and can be mimicked by ischemia-reperfusion of splanchnic tissues, we hypothesized that inadequate oxygenation of the gut during trauma drives development of later shock and critical illness. We further hypothesized that this is caused by ischemia-induced water shifts causing compression no-reflow. To test this, the superior mesenteric artery of juvenile anesthetized swine was occluded for 30 minutes followed by 8 hours of reperfusion to induce mild splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) shock. One group received the impermeant polyethylene glycol 20,000 Da (PEG-20k) that prevents metabolic cell swelling, and the other received a lactated Ringer's vehicle. Survival doubled in PEG-20k-treated swine along with improved macrohemodynamics and intestinal mucosal perfusion. Villus morphometry and plasma inflammatory cytokines normalized with impermeants. Plasma endotoxin rose over time after reperfusion, and impermeants abolished the rise. Inert osmotically active cell impermeants like PEG-20k improve intestinal reperfusion injury, SAO shock, and early signs of sepsis, which may be due to early restoration of mucosal perfusion and preservation of the septic barrier by reversal of ischemic compression no-reflow. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Significant advancements in treating shock and ischemia have been disappointing because the correct upstream causes have not been targeted. This study supports that poor tissue perfusion after intestinal ischemia from shock is caused by capillary compression no-reflow secondary to metabolic cell and tissue swelling since selectively targeting this issue with novel polyethylene glycol 20,000 Da-based cell-impermeant intravenous solutions reduces splanchnic artery occlusion shock, doubles survival time, restores tissue microperfusion, and preserves gut barrier function.

Sectoral productivity and destination competitiveness

To improve the quality of life of destination communities in the context of an expanding global economy, tourist destinations must sharpen their competitive advantages through increased productivity. In this study, we investigate the effect of sectoral productivity on destination competitiveness, using Hong Kong as an example. The competitiveness of a destination is measured by tourism-contributed quality of life relative to that of competing destinations. An autoregressive distributed lag model with error correction mechanism is used to model the relationship between destination competitiveness and various sectoral productivities. The productivity effects of several related sectors are identified through an empirical econometric analysis and the results show that destination competitiveness is more dependent on the productivities of core tourism sectors than those of other sectors.

How does platform certification affect the marketing performance of sellers in food e-commerce? Interaction with reputation mechanisms

PurposePlatform certification constitutes an effective mechanism for managing the lemon problem concerning food e-commerce. This work aims to evaluate the market effect of platform certification and analyzes its correction mechanism for lemon problem combined with reputation mechanism.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing the Gold Seller certification of Taobao.com to serve as an illustration, the authors conducted an empirical study based on the sales data of hairy crabs among 2,239 sample sites over six points in time from October to December 2019, systematically examining the market effect of food e-commerce platform certification along with the interaction between food e-commerce platform certification and reputation mechanisms, followed by a heterogeneity test by product price.FindingsThis study finds that sellers with platform certification can significantly increase their sales. The market effect of platform certification is more easily observed in the low-price product market. In addition, platform certification and reputation mechanisms have complementary effects. In a low-price product market, the complementary effect of platform certification and product reputation diminishes, while the complementary effect of platform certification and seller reputation disappears.Originality/valueThis study explores the market effect of food e-commerce platform certification, reveals the market effect of certification mechanism when multiple signaling mechanisms exist simultaneously and conducts an empirical test based on real market data. It provides a better comprehension of how platform certifications work in food e-commerce.

Can the digital economy address the loss of green development efficiency due to resource mismatch? Evidence from China’s land transaction markets

Land is the driving force of economic growth, but the proliferation of industrial land has resulted in wasted land resources, impaired economic efficiency, and ecological damage in China. Currently, the digital economy is transforming China’s economic growth model. Exploring the corrective mechanisms of the digital economy for land resource mismatch can contribute to efficient economic growth. Using a sample of Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2007–2019, we employ a spatial Durbin model to explore the impact of land resource mismatch on green development efficiency (GDE) in the context of the digital economy, which is critical to rational planning, utilization, and regulation of land resources. The findings show that (1) land resource mismatch inhibits GDE, and the crowding-out, structural inhibition, and agglomeration economy dilution effect are primary influencing mechanisms. (2) A local land resource mismatch harms GDE in neighboring areas. (3) The digital economy has a positive moderating effect on land resource mismatch and GDE. (4) Land resource mismatch reduces GDE in the eastern and central regions; the moderating effect of the digital economy exists only in the eastern region. Finally, this study proposes comprehensive and complete countermeasures to correct the land resource mismatch and its influence channels and enhance the construction of the digital economy. The conclusions of this study provide specific theoretical contributions to promote the spatial allocation efficiency of land resources, promote green and efficient economic development, and stimulate and release the dividends of the digital economy.

UDP-RT: A UDP-based reliable transmission scheme for power WAPS

It is expected that TCP/IP networks take the place of point-to-point fiber channels for the communications of WAPS. In TCP/IP networks, TCP does not guarantee real-time while UDP does not guarantee reliability. An efficient method is demanded for WAPS to guarantee the real-time and reliability of messages transmitted in TCP/IP networks under congestion states. To address the challenge, we propose a UDP-based reliable transmission (UDP-RT) scheme, which achieves low latency by adopting UDP at the transport layer and high reliability by adding the mechanisms of error correction, error detection, resending and timeout retransmission at the application layer. The error correction mechanism employs TPCs, which has low complexity and good performance at high code rate, to correct errors in a message. A blocking rule for TPCs considering the features of communication channels and messages of WAPS is presented. The error detection mechanism is for detecting whether all errors in the message are corrected by the error correction mechanism. The resending mechanism and the timeout retransmission mechanism (optional) is for ensuring the reliability in the two cases of message loss and not all errors corrected. Additionally, algorithms for UDP-RT are presented, and their correctness are validated through experiment. Our analyses demonstrate that the proposed scheme can meet the real-time requirements of WAPS businesses when network congesting and has higher reliability than the TCP transmission scheme and other UDP transmission schemes.

Optimizing deep transfer networks with fruit fly optimization for accurate diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy

It is crucial to develop a smart analytics system capable of accurately diagnosing diabetic retinopathy. This research uses a new deep transfer network framework to diagnose Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). The core of this framework is to employ a new Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm (MALBFOA) enhanced by the Levy Flight (LF), Gaussian Transboundary Correction (GTC), Multi-subgroups, and Subgroups Annihilation (SA) mechanisms to optimize two fully connected layers parameters in one transfer deep learning model and establish a MALBFOA-based Deep Learning (MALBFOA-DL) for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy with a large set of color fundus photography obtained under a variety of imaging conditions as input. To verify the proposed method’s effectiveness, we quantitatively compare the proposed MALBFOA with the original FOA, FOA-based variants, and other traditional meta-heuristic algorithms in a comprehensive set of 49 benchmark functions (shifted and swirled). The experimental results validate that MALBFOA holds a faster convergence rate and better solutions in almost all benchmark functions, especially in solving asymmetric complicated optimization problems. The proposed MALBFOA-DL model can also grade the degree of diabetic retinopathy with more accurate recall rates than the benchmark model and assist doctors in diagnosing diabetic retinopathy.

Algorithmic Translation Correction Mechanisms: An End-to-end Algorithmic Implementation of English-Chinese Machine Translation

INTRODUCTION: Machine translation is a modern natural language processing research field with important scientific and practical significance. In practice, the variation of languages, the limitation of semantic knowledge, and the lack of parallel language resources limit the development of machine translation. OBJECTIVES: This paper aims to avoid duplicating neural networks during the learning process and improve the ability to generalize complex neural network machine translation models with limited resources. METHODS: Textual material in the source language was studied, and a suitable textual material representation model was used to express complex, high-level, and abstract semantic information. Then, a more efficient neural network machine translation integration model was developed based on the control of written data and algorithms. RESULTS: Data mining must be applied to complex neural network machine translation systems based on transfer learning to standardize finite neural network models. CONCLUSION: Neural network-based embedded machine translation systems based on migration training require a small number of labelled samples to improve the system's permeability. However, this adaptive migration learning region approach can easily lead to over-learning problems in neural network machine translation models, thus avoiding excessive correspondences during the learning process and improving the generalization ability of the translation model with limited neural network resources.

An Analysis of the Effect of Naira Devaluation on Nigerian Balance Of Trade

This study investigates the effect of naira devaluation on Nigerian balance of trade using time series data from 1986 to 2021. The study examined the long run and short-run equilibrium relationship between devaluation and trade balance over the study period. The study used unrestricted Vector Auto Regression (VAR), Co-integration and Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM) technique in the analysis of data. The variables currency devaluation (CDV), Export rate (EXPT), Import rate (IMPT) and Trade balance are found to be 1(1) variables, while Interest rate (INTR) is found to be 1(0) variables. Based on the VAR Co- integration test result, it indicates long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables. The error correction term was correctly signed and statistically significant. The estimates from the VAR model showed both positive and negative shocks running from naira devaluation to trade balance, export rate, import rate and currency devaluation based on the past and current values. The study concluded that, naira devaluation have positive and significant impact on trade balance of Nigeria. The study recommended that, Government should improve this indigenous innovation to meet up with international standard as a means to reduce dependence on import and encourage production of competitive goods and services, as export becomes cheaper after devaluation, it is expected that Nigeria as a country will immensely improve on its exported goods and increase the output of exportable goods which will leads to favorable balance of trade among others.

Shadow Economy in Physicians’ Sector: The Physicians’ Point of View from Greece

Tax evasion of self-employed doctors as well as the informal payments made to doctors in public health structures are identified as the two main parameters of Shadow Economy in this sector. In this study, a quantitative survey of 1,022 physicians was conducted to research the attitudes and perceptions of physicians. Although the physicians are mostly opposed to antisocial and unlawful behaviours, they are more tolerant with shadow economy phenomena. The research highlighted a correlation between tax evasion and informal payments where the increase of one phenomenon increases the intensity of the other. ‘Tax evasion’ in the conscience of physicians functions as a ‘corrective mechanism’ in the sector’s charges, which satisfies patients and physicians in the sector of self-employed doctors, acquiring characteristics of ‘Inxit’ of the well-known theory of Gaal and McKee. Informal Payments, on the other hand, as research has shown, act as an incentive for unsatisfied physicians to remain within the public health system. However, they have a negative impact on the employment relationships of health executives while at the same time, they significantly exacerbate the quality of services provided by public health institutions. Deterioration of quality in the ‘organisation’ with open channels of ‘exit’ and ‘voice’, given that there is no ‘loyalty’ of patients in the public health system, as research shows, leads to the conclusion that Informal Payments take on characteristics of ‘utilitarian silence’ on the part of patients, rather than characteristics of an alternative to ‘exit’, ‘protest’—of the well-known ‘EVL’ theory of Hirschman (1970) —or, ultimately, to ‘Inxit’.

Transmission section limit power calculation based on improved-inspired bat algorithm

The transmission section in the interconnected power grid may expand the blackout accident. It is helpful for the dispatching department to adjust operational mode in time to avoid large area blackout incidents by quickly searching the key transmission section and calculating the limit transmission power of the section. A power flow transfer ratio C is proposed in the paper, which can effectively improve the selection accuracy and speed of the K value. A correction mechanism is proposed to select the K value, which can improve the search efficiency of power transmission section based on the K shortest path algorithm. A calculation model of the ultimate transmission power of transmission sections is constructed. The improved bat-inspired algorithm is proposed to solve the model. The calculation results based on IEEE39 bus test system verify the effectiveness of this method.

Rethinking Graph Auto-Encoder Models for Attributed Graph Clustering

Most recent graph clustering methods have resorted to Graph Auto-Encoders (GAEs) to perform joint clustering and embedding learning. However, two critical issues have been overlooked. First, the accumulative error, inflicted by learning from noisy clustering assignments, degrades the effectiveness of the clustering model. This problem is called Feature Randomness. Second, reconstructing the adjacency matrix sets the model to learn irrelevant similarities for the clustering task. This problem is called Feature Drift. Furthermore, the theoretical relation between the aforementioned problems has not yet been investigated. We study these issues from two aspects: (1) there is a trade-off between Feature Randomness and Feature Drift when clustering and reconstruction are performed at the same level, and (2) the problem of Feature Drift is more pronounced for GAE models, compared with vanilla auto-encoder models. Thus, we reformulate the GAE-based clustering methodology. Our solution is two-fold. First, we propose a sampling operator <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Xi$</tex-math></inline-formula> that triggers a protection mechanism against Feature Randomness. Second, we propose an operator <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Upsilon$</tex-math></inline-formula> that triggers a correction mechanism against Feature Drift by gradually transforming the reconstructed graph into a clustering-oriented one. As principal advantages, our solution grants a considerable improvement in clustering effectiveness and can be easily tailored to GAE models.