Correct Terminology Research Articles

Investigating the effects of political correctness in social marketing messaging

Purpose Obesity imposes myriad negative consequences upon society, the economy and personal well-being. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of using political correctness (PC) in social marketing messages to persuade consumers to change their unhealthy behavior. It also explores various underlying mechanisms that drive this effect. Specifically, this research studies that messaging approach – politically correct vs politically incorrect and gain vs loss message framing – generates higher consumer intentions to change their behavior. Design/methodology/approach Four experiments were conducted with nationally representative samples to examine the effect of PC and gain vs loss message framing on consumers’ behavior changing intentions. Findings Politically correct prosocial marketing messages displayed higher persuasiveness than politically incorrect messages. Each relationship was mediated by the perceived manipulative capacity of the message and consumers’ attitudes toward the message. Message framing performed as a boundary condition for these effects. Research limitations/implications This paper sought to contribute to the literature that investigates the effectiveness of social marketing efforts. Three specific contributions related to the effects of message frames on politically correct and incorrect social marketing messages were developed. Practical implications The strategies presented in this paper benefit firms wishing to create a more prosocial approach to their business. A firm can present a prosocial message to their target market in a frame focusing on what will be gained instead of lost. Likewise, firms should welcome this type of messaging that embraces politically correct terminology instead of shying away from it. Originality/value This paper generates actionable insights for marketers and policymakers regarding how best to communicate with targeted segments about culturally- and personally sensitive topics related to obesity and weight loss. This paper also contributes to the literature that explores the effectiveness of social marketing initiatives. The findings suggest policymakers and social marketers should be cautious and, regardless of today’s sociopolitical environment, avoid falling into the temptation of developing politically incorrect and loss-framed messages.

Comparison of Cloud Computing, SaaS, SOA and Microservices

A network application is an application that runs on a single host and facilitates communication with another application running on a different computer or host. Numerous network applications have been introduced, including cloud computing, SaaS, SOA, and microservices. However, these technologies have often been used interchangeably, leading to confusion among developers and researchers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to review and compare the available network applications, specifically cloud computing, Software as a Service (SaaS), Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), and microservices. This study conducts a comparative analysis by examining several important criteria such as definition, type, language, interoperability, characteristics, and examples. By providing clear and precise definitions for each technology, the study aims to clarify their distinctions and appropriate usage contexts. The findings successfully establish the correct terminology for each technology and offer detailed discussions on the specific platforms and situations where each is most suitable. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource for developers and researchers seeking to navigate the complexities of modern network applications.

B - 52 A Pilot Study for the Responsible Concussion Commentary Checklist: Evaluating Commentary of Head Injury Assessment in the Australian National Rugby League

Abstract Objective Focus on sport-related concussion has increased due to growing concerns regarding the long-term effects of repeated concussion. To improve player safety, some sports have adopted new injury assessment and management protocols. These efforts may be undercut by the live media coverage of concussion, which is known to downplay concussion. This pilot study explored how live sports commentary from the Australian National Rugby League portrays concussion in the context of the newly introduced Head Injury Assessment (HIA) protocol. Method 15 concussions were randomly selected from the 69 HIA-tiggering events from rounds 1 to 8 of the 2024 season. The live commentary for those events was evaluated using a concussion commentary checklist. This multi-item checklist was developed from existing recommendations for the responsible reporting of concussion. The checklist evaluated the extent to which the commentary met the gold standard requirements (e.g., used the correct injury terminology) and yielded an overall impression score (commentary quality). Results Impression ratings revealed that the commentary was rarely scored as high quality, indicating that it did not meet the gold standard expected for accurate and responsible commentary of on field instances of suspected concussion. The scores for the individual checklist items were also frequently low. Commonly identified issues included the use of incorrect injury terminology and injury minimisation. Conclusion This pilot study showed that the live commentary of suspected concussion was poor. The findings have implications for concussion awareness through changed practices in live sports commentary. Commentary guidance is needed to prevent the spread of misinformation about concussion among sport spectators.

Politically Correct English Language and Gender in Bosnia and Herzegovina

In the present study, we investigated the responses provided by Bosnia and Herzegovina’s male and female respondents in regards to their usage of politically correct English language across various categories. Those categories include gender, disability, age, work, socioeconomic status, and race terminology. We hypothesized that significant differences would be present between respondents based on their gender. As the results suggest, female respondents were more inclined to use politically correct terminology in comparison to their counterparts, male participants. The distinctions were found to be present in all categories but mostly related to gender, where female respondents showed a higher preference for politically correct English language, while male respondents showed a tendency to select less politically correct English language terminology. Furthermore, categories related to disability and race showed mixed results to some extent. Therefore, we conclude that the findings point towards the importance of comprehending gender-specific tendencies when it comes to the adoption and usage of politically correct English language, as such differences can have significant influence on inclusion and communication within varied social and formal contexts.

The Menstrual Health Manager (MHM): A Resource to Reduce Discrepancies Between Science and Practice in Sport and Exercise.

Inadequate research on female health and performance; the complexity of the research; low menstrual health literacy of athletes, coaches, and support staff; and ethical and cultural sensitivities are all recognized as barriers to effective health monitoring for females in sports. Frameworks have been developed for academics to follow to help improve the quality of female-specific research. However, a similar resource that enables correct terminology, and use of health monitoring techniques has not been provided for sporting organizations, coaches, support staff or athletes. Therefore, this critical commentary presents a new resource, the Menstrual Health Manager. This resource may be used to determine the level of menstrual health monitoring detail that may be used by organisations, coaches or athletes, and specifies what reproductive health details the data will provide. This resource aims to provide organizations and coaches with a means of understanding the data that inform their decisions for female athletes. Utilization of this resource may aid in the consistent use of terminology and methods for female-specific health monitoring in both sports and research.

Persons with cognitive impairment and care partner motivations and experiences of undergoing an amyloid scan: a systematic review of qualitative studies.

Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) scans can enhance the accuracy of dementia diagnoses. However, the perspectives and experiences of people with cognitive impairment and their care partners undergoing an amyloid scan are less well understood. Therefore, this review aimed to identify and summarize qualitative studies exploring patient and care partner experiences of undergoing an amyloid scan. We searched Embase, MEDLINE, and PsychInfo in March 2024. Articles were screened for inclusion by two reviewers and critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Qualitative Studies. Data from the included studies were synthesized using thematic synthesis. We identified ten papers from six studies. We identified four themes: 1) motivations for undergoing an amyloid scan, 2) experiences of receiving the result, 3) emotional responses to the result, and 4) actions in light of the scan result. Participants reported undergoing the scan to determine the cause of cognitive impairment. They described the information gained from the scan as helpful but struggled to recall the correct terminology or implications of the scan. Emotional responses to the scan varied depending on the scan result. In light of the scan result, the most common action was making advanced plans; however; this was mainly discussed among participants with elevated amyloid. Amyloid scans can provide useful and actionable information. However, learning the scan result could be distressing. Future research is needed to balance the potential benefits and harms of amyloid scans.

PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF DETERMINING FIRE PROTECTION OF WOOD

Annually, fires inflict huge losses to both business entities of various forms of ownership and the state overall. According to analytical data for nine months of 2023, 2212 fires occurred in Ukraine at objects of different forms of ownership subject to state supervision (control) in technogenic and fire safety. Many researchers confirm that fire protection of wood is an effective prophylactic measure. However, there are significant factors influencing the reduction of its efficiency directly and also factors that do not affect the efficiency of fire protection directly but provide an objective determination of the quality of fire protection. One of the factors in objectively determining the quality of fire protection is verifying the fire protection compliance. This study aims to determine the causes and patterns of improper fire protection of wooden building structures with fire-retardant solutions (lower than stated in the manufacturer’s regulations). The analysis of recent research and publications shows that the issue of verifying the compliance of fire protection of wooden structures directly after the works in Ukraine has not been studied. Many modern fire protection solutions on the Ukrainian market require improved quality control methods. The existent system of verification of the compliance of fire protection has substantial defects and does not give a possibility to define objectively the quality of fire protection. Precise terminology is absent in normative acts, the methods described for verifying fire protection are not up-to-date, and the regulatory documents for fireproof solutions, in most cases, do not contain the necessary information for quality control. Improvement of verification of the compliance of fire protection of the exploited wood is a necessity at all stages, beginning from determining correct terminology and actualisation of the Rules of fire protection to developing effective methods of verification taking into account the features of modern fireproof solutions. Keywords: fire protection of wood, fire protection compliance verification, fire protection rules, wood impregnation.

Karakteristik Bahasa Inggris Maritim Secara Kata dan Frasa

English is an international language used in various fields, including the maritime sector. In the maritime sector, English is used for communication, both between seafarers and between seafarers and related parties, such as port officers, cargo agents and shipping companies. In order to provide competent resources in the maritime world, the role of maritime vocational education is present to address these problems. In Indonesia, maritime vocational education aims to produce graduates who have competence in the maritime field. One of the competencies that maritime vocational education graduates must have is the ability to speak maritime English. In order to provide competent resources in the maritime world, the role of maritime vocational education is present to address these problems. Although the importance of maritime English is recognized, there is a gap between industry needs and the competencies of Indonesian maritime vocational education graduates. Mastery of correct maritime terminology is essential for sailors and maritime personnel. Maritime terms used incorrectly can lead to potentially dangerous misunderstandings. Maritime jargon is often used in oral and written communication in the maritime environment. Maritime jargon is usually used to convey messages briefly and clearly.

Pulp, Root Canal and Peri-radicular Conditions: The Need for Re-classification.

Currently no standard, universally accepted, and clinically useful classification of pulp, root canal and peri-radicular conditions is used within the dental profession. Most published classifications are either too simple and miss many of the conditions reported to occur within the pulp, root canal and peri-radicular tissues, or they are too complex for use in clinical settings. Furthermore, many classifications have used inappropriate terminology that has either not been defined or has been poorly defined. The lack of standardisation leads to confusion amongst practitioners and potential uncertainty regarding treatment. It also limits the ability to communicate effectively, to teach appropriately, and to compare data and research findings throughout the world. When developing a classification of tissue conditions or diseases, it is essential that the classification is developed appropriately and meets the recommended criteria for effective clinical, educational and research use. It is also extremely important that correct and well-defined terminology is used since "words do matter". Popular terminology based on symptoms should be avoided as these have been proven to lead to inappropriate treatment decisions. This review discusses how classifications should be developed for pulp, root canal and peri-radicular conditions. It also discusses the deficiencies of some popular classifications and outlines the classifications that truly address the recommended criteria and reflect the physiological and pathological changes in the pulp, root canal and peri-radicular tissues. Hence, it is recommended that these latter classifications be adopted as the internationally-accepted classifications for future clinical use, as well as for educational, research and communication purposes.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ СОЗДАНИЯ ИНТЕГРИРОВАННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬЮ ПОСТАВЩИКА АВИАЦИОННЫХ УСЛУГ

The need for this study arose against the background of the analysis of numerous publications, standards and identification of contradictions affecting vital problems of assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of the quality of work and services in the air transport industry. The analysis of theoretical and practical approaches in the studied area was carried out for solving the main task which is the development of correct terminology and practical introduction of the conceptual apparatus into new methodological approaches to creation and implementation of an integrated safety management system for an aviation service provider.

한국 철도 노선명 및 역명 제정 기준의 현황과 개선 방안

Railroad lines and stations are not just physical spaces, but representations of local and regional identities, geographic information for social information communication, and important operational tools related to safety and speed for facility management and operators. Frequent complaints over the recent establishment of railway station names not only show public interest in railroad-related nominations, but also call for efforts for standardization of geographical names and rational improvement of route names and station names based on the establishment of standards. The researcher diagnosed the limitations and development tasks of the current guidelines based on the principles and recommendations of the UN Group of Experts on Geographical Names and the National Geographical Name Committee based on the correct terminology based on the law and the clarification of key concepts open to implicit interpretation, and proposed ways to improve the standards for establishing railway line names and station names. The improvement measures are summarized as follows. First, the naming of the railway lines follows the combination of the representative administrative name of the departure area and the destination area. However, along with these official line names, facility managers and operators can use the name of the station by naming method using the railway line type classification system or a combination of alphabets and Arabic numbers to promote the safety and speed of management and operation. Second, the naming of a station uses only the name of the representative administrative district where the station building is located. In a station building that spans two or more administrative districts, two or more administrative names can be consecutively used to those naming, but in this case, the name of the administrative district corresponding to the representative address shall be prioritized. Third, other improvements include the following: In principle, the standards for naming of railway lines and stations to be improved in the future should not be applied retroactively, the revision of the station name once rejected should not be allowed to be re-appointed as a future agenda, and caution against social exclusion, such as nominations for specific persons or commercial purposes, or names that can be linked to the economic interests of specific subjects.

Goodbye to the term ‘ankylosing spondylitis’, hello ‘axial spondyloarthritis’: time to embrace the ASAS-defined nomenclature

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is the historic term used for decades for the HLA-B27-associated inflammatory disease affecting mainly the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) and spine. Classification criteria for AS have radiographic sacroiliitis...

Terminology - clarifying the current confusion and presenting the correct terminology.

Most readers will be familiar with terminology (from meetings and conferences) that we, the editors, would deem to be incorrect or confusing. In general, we all tend to accept the information conveyed to us without really questioning what the terms truly mean. Therefore, the subsequent chapters discussing the IOLs in question should be studied with this in mind since a lot of familiar terminology will be used in those chapters, which, strictly speaking, may not be in line with the most accurate terminology and classification. The reader is encouraged to read this full article to be mindful of the current confusion surrounding IOL terminology and what the correct terminology should be. This is so that one is better prepared to understand and question the mechanism of action and side effects of IOLs that one is planning to use.

СТИЛІСТИЧНЕ ТРАКТУВАННЯ ЗРАЗКІВ ЛЬВІВСЬКОЇ АРХІТЕКТУРИ 1990-2000-Х РОКІВ. ПРОБЛЕМИ ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЇ ТА СВІТОГЛЯДНОЇ ДЕТЕРМІНАЦІЇ

The article considers the problem of stylistic definition of objects of Lviv architecture in the 1990-2000s. Having studied the similar Ukrainian scientific publications, here is presented own arguments regarding the correct terminology for this type of objects. An important role is also given to the worldview prevailing at that time in professional circles, as it makes it possible to determine which values in design they adhered to - modernist or postmodern. On the basis of the conducted analysis, it was established that in the period of 1990-2000s, the development of processes that began in the late Soviet era, when experiments with regional tradition and local identity took place on a regional scale within the framework of so-called "individual projects" ( for example "Carpathian style"). Therefore, the objects of Lviv architecture of the 1990-2000s are mostly devoid of ambiguity and irony characteristic of postmodernism, as well as a deliberate desystematization of stylistic and tectonic rules. The postmodern understanding of form as language is not characteristic of post-Soviet samples. In view of the comparative assessment, it was established that the stylistic definition of Lviv architecture of the 1990s-2000s can be associated with modernism to a much greater extent than it was believed until now. The sum of the listed factors and the nature of the analyzed objects indicate that a probably more correct term for these monuments is "decorated modernism" or "deco-modernism". It was established that despite the fact that the practice of standard design was the object of unanimous criticism both in the professional environment and at the general societal level, this did not mean criticism of modernism as such, since (neo-)modernist objects are built on the so-called individual projects, were generally approved and were examples of a positive alternative. The main worldview motive of that time in the field of creating architectural form was the desire for individualism and imagery, which is not at all identical to postmodernism.

Understanding metrics for communicating the economic value of Florida’s fisheries and coastal resources

Understanding the economic importance of fisheries and coastal resources is vitally important for making good management decisions that affect human communities, local businesses, and environment and ecological sustainability. However, economic “importance” is not a very specific term, and can mean completely different things to different people. We reviewed different fields of natural resource economics to and describe the different economic terms most often used. This information can help management agencies and cooperative Extension agents use the correct terminology and teach the correct terminology in their outreach.

Achieving consensus on the language of obesity: a modified Delphi study

Obesity is recognized by the World Health Organization as a chronic disease. As such, it should be referred to using the language of chronic diseases, with correct and established terminology and definitions. This study was designed to map the current language used to discuss obesity and to compare this with the standard language used for chronic disease. We performed a modified Delphi study to identify the language of chronic disease that is being used in the context of obesity, and to identify discrepancies and potential use of inadequate language with respect to the standard language used for chronic diseases. Participants (n=24) were identified from relevant stakeholder groups and desk research, and included patients, healthcare professionals, policymakers, researchers, industry, and payers (social insurers) of 18 nationalities/regions in Europe, North/South America, and South Africa. Participants were enrolled between 20.10.2020 and 30.10.2020. The study comprised two rounds of qualitative surveys. In Round 1, participants responded to six open-ended questions. Round 2 comprised 38 statements based on key terms/themes identified in Round 1 and covered the definition, causes, progression, treatment, management, and complications of obesity. Consensus was defined as ≥70% participant agreement on a statement. All participants completed Round 1 and 23 participants completed Round 2. In Round 2, consensus was reached for 28 of the 38 statements. Participants reached a consensus regarding the use of statements that acknowledge the heterogeneous nature of obesity, but not on the use of statements that: defined obesity based on body mass index; regarded psychological, physical, or physiological factors among the main causes of obesity; or implied that weight loss should be the aim of obesity treatment. This study uses expert consensus to provide insight into the language used to describe obesity as a chronic disease, and forms the basis for a unified language of obesity. Innovative Medicines Initiative, Novo Nordisk A/S.

Total Antioxidant Capacity: Biochemical Aspects and Clinical Significance.

Despite the physiological role of oxidant molecules, oxidative stress (OS) could underlie several human diseases. When the levels of antioxidants are too low or too high, OS occurs, leading to damage at the molecular, tissue and cellular levels. Therefore, antioxidant compounds could represent a way to modulate OS and/or to maintain proper redox balance. This review provides an overview of the methods available to assess total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in biological systems to elucidate the correct terminology and the pathophysiological roles. The clinical context is fundamental to obtain a correct interpretation of TAC. Hence, we discuss metabolic syndrome and infertility, two clinical conditions that involve OS, including the potential prognostic role of TAC evaluation in monitoring antioxidant supplementation. This approach would provide more personalised and precise therapy.

Censorship, cultural expectations and transformations: The role of genitalia in disabled lives

Deploying theories of power and stigma, this article aims to discuss the perceptions of genitalia and the cultural expectations of genital transformations and representations in consideration to disability. Through a transcription-based content analysis of the audio description (AD) used in Series 10 of Naked Attraction (2016–present), this article aims to explore how the media shapes expectations and feeds into the problematic and powerful impact that audio description can have upon disabled individuals. This article focuses upon the representational transformations of genitalia from the corporeal into the visual, then, delving deeper, from the televisual to the audio, using this double layer of transformation to look at the deeper complexities at play. By AD not using the correct terminology for genitalia, an inclusion/exclusion or us/them dualism is formed based on power relations which make assumptions about disabled individuals. These assumptions are that disabled individuals either do not want or do not have the capacity to consent to sex. This links to the infantilization and patronization that disabled individuals are subjected to within wider society. A further aim is to interrogate how these expectations are perpetuated through televisual representations to create power relationships, and the impact this has upon disabled individuals. The shielding/censorship of genitalia from disabled individuals is evident in AD on television shows such as this, which contains euphemisms for genitalia rather than accurate descriptions. This feeds into the desexualization of disabled individuals and conflation and confusion between asexuality and disability alongside the dismissal of disabled individuals as potential sexual and life partners. This article shows how ableism runs through society perpetuated by the media and the effects this has on the disabled community.

From Image to Diagnosis: Characterizing Sources of Error in Histopathologic Interpretation

An accurate histopathologic diagnosis on surgical biopsy material is necessary for the clinical management of patients and has important implications for research, clinical trial design/enrollment, and public health education. This study used a mixed methods approach to isolate sources of diagnostic error while residents and attending pathologists interpreted digitized breast biopsy slides. Ninety participants, including pathology residents and attending physicians at major United States medical centers reviewed a set of 14 digitized whole-slide images of breast biopsies. Each case had a consensus-defined diagnosis and critical region of interest (cROI) representing the most significant pathology on the slide. Participants were asked to view unmarked digitized slides, draw their participant region of interest (pROI), describe its features, and render a diagnosis. Participants’ review behavior was tracked using case viewer software and an eye-tracking device. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated in comparison to the consensus diagnosis. We measured the frequency of errors emerging during 4 interpretive phases: (1) detecting the cROI, (2) recognizing its relevance, (3) using the correct terminology to describe findings in the pROI, and (4) making a diagnostic decision. According to eye-tracking data, trainees and attending pathologists were very likely (∼94% of the time) to find the cROI when inspecting a slide. However, trainees were less likely to consider the cROI relevant to their diagnosis. Pathology trainees (41% of cases) were more likely to use incorrect terminology to describe pROI features than attending pathologists (21% of cases). Failure to accurately describe features was the only factor strongly associated with an incorrect diagnosis. Identifying where errors emerge in the interpretive and/or descriptive process and working on building organ-specific feature recognition and verbal fluency in describing those features are critical steps for achieving competency in diagnostic decision making.

Abstract P6-09-05: Using Mixed Methods to Examine Clinician and Patient Use of Terminology to Describe Trastuzumab Biosimilars

Abstract Although the uptake of trastuzumab biosimilars to treat HER2-positive breast cancer is growing, knowledge gaps remain for both, patients and clinicians. In a mixed-methods study, inconsistencies in terminology used to describe trastuzumab biosimilars. We analyzed open-ended questions from surveys (n = 143 breast cancer patients, n = 33 medical oncologists) and interviews (n = 8 patients, n = 4 oncologist, nurse, pharmacists) indentifying terminology as an a priori (top-down) category for qualitative thematic analysis. We specifically looked for examples of inconsistent or incorrect use of terminology in the interviews. Findings suggest that 1) terminology used to refer to trastuzumab biosimilars is variable across patients and some is not representative of the formal definition (e.g. generic, generic-like, interchangeable, Herceptin, generic Herceptin (as per how their oncologist refers to biosimilars) and 2) clinicians discussed the challenges of talking about biosimilars in a manner that is both understandable to patients and accurate. Specifically, one pharmacist highlighted concerns around this complexity and suggested that it should be part of clinician education to use the correct terminology, rather than using the term generic. A medical oncologist said that “Explaining biosimilars to a patient can be challenging” as part of their survey response. Lack of consistent terminology for trastuzumab biosimilars is a potential barrier to effective patient-clinician communication on this topic and may perpetuate lack of comprehension on the part of patients. Further, the intentional use (to make information more digestible to patients) of incorrect terminology by clinicians has the potential to negatively impact the patient-clinician relationship in cases where patients identify conflicting information on their own. The adoption of terminology that is consistent across clinicians and patient-facing resources on the introduction and description of trastuzumab biosimilars, may serve to facilitate common grounding among all roles. Citation Format: Elizabeth Papautsky, Devika Salunke, Hannah Montague, Martha Carlson, Sheila Johnson, Deanna Attai, Maryam Lustberg. Using Mixed Methods to Examine Clinician and Patient Use of Terminology to Describe Trastuzumab Biosimilars [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-09-05.