Correction System Research Articles

Exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events: A national study of correctional workers in Canadian provinces and territories.

The knowledge is growing about how exposure to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs) among provincial and territorial correctional workers in Canada affects their mental health. In the present national study, we examine the frequencies at which correctional workers (n = 3,740) in diverse occupational roles across all provinces and territories are exposed to different PPTEs. Using robustly established self-report measures in surveys of each provincial and territorial correctional system, participants were grouped into consistent occupational categories to allow for comparisons and measurements of PPTE exposure and mental health disorder prevalence. Nearly all correctional workers were exposed to most PPTE types, across all employment jurisdictions (M = 9.74, SD = 4.24). The most prevalent PPTE exposure type was physical assault (88.5%), followed by exposure to a sudden violent death (81.1%), sudden accidental death (76.8%), and assault with a weapon (76.0%). The least prevalent PPTE exposure types were combat (25.5%); serious injury, harm, or death you caused to someone else (28.0%); and captivity (35.4%). Most PPTE exposures were related to statistically significantly increased odds of screening positive for various mental health disorders, evidencing correctional workers are frequently experiencing injurious psychological traumas associated with mental health disorder symptoms. We discuss our results in the context of correctional worker wellness and conclude with recommendations for policies to address mental health treatment and resource gaps in correctional services. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

An Energy-Saving Thermal Displacement Correction System Responding to Short-Term Temperature Changes Based on Machine Learning of Data on Machine Tool Displacement Caused by Temperature Changes

An Energy-Saving Thermal Displacement Correction System Responding to Short-Term Temperature Changes Based on Machine Learning of Data on Machine Tool Displacement Caused by Temperature Changes

Developing an artificial intelligence model for English grammar correction: A computational linguistics approach

This article aimed to explore the development of an artificial intelligence model for English grammar correction based on computational linguistics methods. Traditional grammar correction systems suffer from problems such as complex rules, sparse data, and insufficient utilization of contextual information. To address these issues, this article adopted Transformer’s pre-trained language model, utilizing its powerful context understanding and automatic feature extraction capabilities to improve the processing performance of complex syntax structures and long-distance dependencies. Meanwhile, by constructing large-scale and diverse datasets and combining them with data augmentation techniques, the model’s generalization ability and robustness were enhanced. This article also investigated hyperparameter tuning, model integration, and continuous optimization strategies in the process of model training optimization, and provided a detailed description of model evaluation and experimental validation. In the evaluation, the average precision, average recall, and average F1 score for most common grammar errors were 0.8, 0.805, and 0.801, respectively. The model in this article has excellent grammar correction ability. Through comprehensive experiments and evaluations, the potential and advantages of a new grammar correction artificial intelligence model developed based on computational linguistics methods in improving grammar correction effectiveness and practicality have been demonstrated.

Orthopedic Manifestations of Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Clarified and Unresolved Theoretical and Practical Issues

Summary. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive weakness and muscle atrophy resulting from degeneration of neurons in the spinal and bulbar parts of the brain. Objective. This study aims to analyze the literature devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic pathologies in patients with various forms of SMA. Materials and Methods. The study is based on a retrospective review of articles focused on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with SMA. The PubMed database was searched for articles published between 2010 and 2024, with a focus on materials from the last five years. Results and Discussion. The literature search on musculoskeletal pathologies in SMA revealed a limited number of studies addressing the clinical and orthopedic manifestations of SMA and their dependence on the type of disease. There is practically no information on changes in the structural and functional state of bone tissue and muscle structures in patients with SMA. No unified classification has been found that defines the impairment of the functional state of the lower extremities depending on the muscle strength deficit, the type of orthopedic manifestations, and the degree of loss of function affecting independent movement. The analysis of the literature indicates a lack of consensus regarding surgical strategies for the treatment of orthopedic manifestations of SMA; the features of surgical interventions for the correction of certain orthopedic manifestations are also not covered, and a system for medical correction of disorders in the structural state of the bone system in SMA has not been developed. Conclusions. The pathology of the musculoskeletal system in SMA requires a detailed fundamental study considering the type of disease, its progression, the condition of muscle and bone structures, patient age, the type and severity of orthopedic pathology, while the methods used for its correction require further development and improvement.

Physics-guided self-supervised learning: Demonstration for generalized RF pulse design.

To introduce a new method for generalized RF pulse design using physics-guided self-supervised learning (GPS), which uses the Bloch equations as the guiding physics model. The GPS framework consists of a neural network module and a physics module, where the physics module is a Bloch simulator for MRI applications. For RF pulse design, the neural network module maps an input target profile to an RF pulse, which is subsequently loaded into the physics module. Through the supervision of the physics module, the neural network module designs an RF pulse corresponding to the target profile. GPS was applied to design 1D selective, -insensitive, saturation, and multidimensional RF pulses, each conventionally requiring dedicated design algorithms. We further demonstrate our method's flexibility and versatility by compensating for experimental and scanner imperfections through online adaptation. Both simulations and experiments show that GPS can design a variety of RF pulses with corresponding profiles that agree well with the target input. Despite these verifications, GPS-designed pulses have unique differences compared to conventional designs, such as achieving -insensitivity using different mechanisms and using non-sampled regions of the conventional design to lower its peak power. Experiments, both ex vivo and in vivo, further verify that it can also be used for online adaptation to correct system imperfections, such as / inhomogeneity. This work demonstrates the generalizability, versatility, and flexibility of the GPS method for designing RF pulses and showcases its utility in several applications.

Active control of cavity buffeting noise using a DBD plasma model based on interval uncertainty correction

This study established a corrected system for a dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator (DBD-PA) model and applied the corrected plasma model in research on the control of vehicle buffeting noise. Firstly, experiments on static ion wind characteristics under different excitation voltages were conducted, and the spatial distribution of the body force vector field during actuator operation was estimated. Subsequently, on the basis of experimental index parameters, an interval uncertainty multi-objective optimization (IUMOO) algorithm was used to reconstruct the expression of charge density and the action area boundary of the core electric field force, making them consistent with experimental results. A DBD-PA was arranged upstream of the cavity opening in the reverse direction, and experimental and numerical simulation results showed that noise reduction by this control scheme exceeded 3.67 dB at the characteristic wind speed. Finally, on the basis of the corrected plasma model, the correlation between vortex impact and pressure feedback in the buffeting phenomenon was analysed, and the influence of shear layer dynamic flow parameters on cavity buffeting noise was quantified. Results indicate that the DBD-PA acts to control the flow evolution of vortex cores and pressure clusters, suppress vortex reconnection, and weaken the intensity of vortex impact, thereby reducing wind buffeting noise.

Формирование потенциала развития производственных подразделений уголовно-исполнительной системы в условиях активизации взаимодействия с представителями бизнес-сообщества

The article presents the results of a study of the processes of forming the development potential of the production units of the penal correction system in the context of increased interaction with representatives of the business community. The data on the level of utilization of the average annual production capacity of enterprises producing various types of food products are analyzed. The main elements of the development potential of production structures and their essential characteristics are identified.

Thermal stresses in porcelain veneered lithium disilicate and zirconia dental crowns: Comparative analysis using a validated viscoelastic finite element model.

This study aims to investigate the effects of material compatibility, variable cooling rates, and crown geometry on thermal stress development in porcelain-veneered lithium disilicate (PVLD) and porcelain-veneered zirconia (PVZ) dental crown systems, and subsequently anticipate parameters for their optimum performance. An anatomically correct 3D crown model was developed from STL files generated using 3D scans of the experimental crown sample. Next, the viscoelastic finite element model (VFEM) based on the 3D crown model was developed and validated for anatomically correct bilayer PVLD and PVZ crown systems. The Vicker's indentation method was used on experimental PVLD and PVZ crown samples to validate the simulated thermal stress results from the VFEM. The validated VFEM was then used to predict thermal transient and residual stresses within the dental crown systems. The comparison between thermal residual stress profiles in PVLD and PVZ crowns showed that the interfacial stress concentrations were comparatively lower for PVLD crowns. However, the PVLD crowns also experienced prominent tensile stresses in the veneer layer. Furthermore, the rapid cooling protocol was seen to cause intensification of compressive stresses on the exterior veneer surface for both PVLD and PVZ crowns which can enhance resistance against crack growth. But faster cooling rates also caused rapid stress evolution which may cause material defects within the crown. This study highlights the importance of material compatibility by comparing stress distribution within the PVLD and PVZ crowns. Moreover, the post-firing cooling protocols showed significant effects on overall thermal stress distribution and consequently, the long-term dental crown performance.

Odometers, Backward Continued Fractions, and Counting Rationals

It has been more than twenty years since Moshe Newman, based on work by Neil Calkin and Herbert Wilf, introduced an explicit bijection between the rational and natural numbers. Interestingly, this bijection is dynamic in nature. Indeed, Newman’s map has the property that the orbit of zero provides the required bijection. Claudio Bonanno and Stefano Isola, using continued fractions expansions, described the dynamics of its first return time map T. They proved that it is topologically conjugated to the dyadic odometer. In this article, we prove that the correct numerical system needed to analyze this map is the backward continued fractions. Indeed, this approach has the advantage that it provides explicitly the action of T on the expansion. As a by-product, we naturally obtain an explicit formula for Minkowski’s question mark function in terms of backward continued fractions. The whole point of Newman was to provide an explicit bijection, our approach shares the same taste for the explicit.

Integrating intelligent algorithms in music education to analyze and improve posture and motion in instrumental training

This paper presents an innovative Artificial Intelligence (AI)—based system for real-time posture analysis and correction in instrumental music training. The system integrates OpenPose-based Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for skeletal tracking, Dynamic Time Warping for motion pattern analysis, and K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) for posture classification. Through a 16-week experimental study involving 18 music students, the system demonstrated significant improvements in learning outcomes compared to traditional methods. Key findings include (a) 33.3% faster technique acquisition in AI-assisted learning compared to traditional methods; (b) 18.6% higher posture improvement rates by week 16; (c) 40.2% better self-correction capabilities; and (d) 95.1% retention rate of correct posture after 6 months. The system processes video input at 120 fps with a total latency of 30 ms, achieving 94.3% accuracy in posture detection and 91.2% in motion pattern matching. The research establishes a comprehensive framework for integrating AI technology in music education, providing continuous, objective feedback during practice sessions. This approach addresses the critical gap between supervised instruction and individual practice, potentially reducing the risk of performance-related injuries through early detection of posture deviations.

Optical image quality testing and correction of a 250-mm freeform telescope

Designing with freeform optics makes it possible to correct imaging systems to high-performance levels in a compact format. To justify the extra challenges inherent in the design, fabrication, metrology, and assembly of systems utilizing freeform optics, engineers need a realistic understanding of the performance that can be expected. The real-world performance of these systems has remained under-explored in the literature, a factor that may dissuade the adoption of freeform optics. In this work, the MTF of an F/3, 3° diagonal full FOV, 250-mm aperture freeform telescope is characterized at multiple field angles using an off-axis parabolic collimator. The freeform optic components required minimal alignment steps and no post-polishing. Twenty-seven sub-aperture tilted knife-edge tests were conducted to evaluate the correlation between form error and image quality. The telescope’s image quality was determined to be consistent with the design specification, which was 30% MTF at 76 lp/mm (70% of the sensor-array Nyquist frequency) across the entire field.

Neurodegenerative Disorders in Criminal Offending and Cognitive Decline Among Aging Inmates.

Dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), presents critical challenges for correctional systems, particularly as global populations age. AD, affecting 60-80% of dementia cases, primarily impairs memory and cognition in individuals over 65. In contrast, FTD, rarer than AD but not uncommon in those under 65, affects the frontal and temporal brain regions, leading to deficits in social behavior, language, and impulse control, often resulting in antisocial actions and legal consequences. Behavioral variant FTD is especially associated with socially inappropriate and impulsive behaviors due to frontal lobe degeneration. The prevalence of cognitive impairment in incarcerated populations is high, exacerbated by prison environments that compound distress and limited access to specialized healthcare. Studies indicate that up to 11% of United States state prison inmates over the age of 55 exhibit cognitive impairments, often undiagnosed, resulting in punitive rather than rehabilitative responses to symptoms like disinhibition and aggression. Ethical concerns around criminal responsibility for individuals with dementia are increasingly prominent, particularly regarding their ability to comprehend and engage in legal proceedings. The growing elderly prison population necessitates reform in correctional healthcare to include early cognitive assessment, targeted intervention, and tailored post-release programs. Addressing these needs is essential to ensure appropriate treatments, alleviate healthcare demands, and support reintegration for cognitively impaired inmates.

Особенности развития навыков антиманипулятивного поведения у сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы

The article examines the subjective factors of psychological readiness of employees of the penal system to resist manipulation. The results of an empirical study of the assertiveness of of the penal systems employees at the stage of university training and during their professional activities are presented. The psychological features of the Self-concept of employees of the penal enforcement system are shown. The study involved 75 employees of the penal correction system who study under higher education programs at the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia at the Faculties of Law, Economics, and Psychology and Probation, and 70 employees of the Federal Penitentiary Institution «Correctional colony No. 2» of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Ryazan region, who carry out their professional activities in the security department, at the center for labor adaptation of convicts, in the department of educational work with convicts. The psychodiagnostic tools selected for the study make it possible to measure and analyze those personal qualities of the respondents that ensure their psychological readiness to resist manipulation by convicts. The study used the test questionnaire "Assertiveness Research" (modified by V. Kaponi, T.Novak) and the questionnaire "Self-assessment research using the Demo-Rubinstein method" (modified by A.M.Parishioners). The directions of psychological support for the process of developing anti-manipulative behavior skills are substantiated: expanding the zone of awareness regarding one's own values and beliefs, emotions and feelings; developing emotional intelligence, the ability to manage one's emotions; developing critical thinking; strengthening self-esteem, developing internal pillars of employees.

Профессионально важные качества сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы в условиях цифровой трансформации

In the new socio-economic conditions, the requirements for professionally important qualities of specialists and the formation of their competencies are not just changing, but are being transformed and rebuilt, and this is primarily due to the restructuring of social processes and the introduction of digital technologies in various fields of professional activity. Professionally important qualities are understood as the individual properties of the subject of labor, a certain set of psychological characteristics that are necessary and generally sufficient for the implementation of effective and reliable professional activities, thus ensuring the success of its implementation. Understanding the formation of the necessary professionally important qualities among employees of the penitentiary system, ensuring the success of their official activities, is significant in terms of making timely, highly likely, objective managerial decisions on issues of professional and career growth of employees, assessing the prospects for appointment to certain positions, the possibility of forming a personnel reserve on a regular basis, conducting professional selection procedures, professional certification, professional training. The main professionally important qualities and competencies of employees of the penitentiary system in the context of digital transformation are considered. A promising scientific direction of research on professionally important qualities of employees of the penal correction system using the method of structural analysis of the organization of psychological indicators is highlighted. The issue of professional mentoring in the penal system of the Russian Federation has been updated. Additionally, such professionally important qualities as mastery of digital culture, digital competence, mastery of information hygiene skills when working with software and information systems, compliance with information security and information protection issues were noted. The study of the issues of professionally important qualities of employees of the penitentiary system is of promising scientific practice-oriented interest in such areas of psychological support of professional activity as professional selection optimization of programs to support professional adaptation of employees at various stages of professional development, development of an up-to-date professional description of professional activity, identification of factors of psychological success

O SISTEMA PENITENCIÁRIO E A SUA DEVIDA FALTA DE GESTÃO SOCIAL NAATUALIDADE BRASILEIRA

Currently, the area of public safety (penal system) has been treated with less relevance by state governments, especially in relation to our state of Rio Grande do Sul. Objective: To conceptualize some benefits and other negative factors that make up the prison system, as a way to establish better performance among the organization’s agents, ensure a better future for the system, and achieve excellence in satisfactory results in the prison system. Discussion: The obstacles present in today’s prison system, not only specifically in Rio Grande do Sul but throughout the country, represent a ticking time bomb that could collapse at any moment due to various surrounding factors. For several decades, some governments have shown little concern for this sector. Methodology: This study was prepared through an organizational diagnosis, exploratory research, and bibliographical research. Primary and secondary data were collected, some of which were already available and others gathered from the organization where the study was developed. Result: The research conducted around the prison system highlights the need for a massive restructuring by the State’s governmental management to ensure broader and more positive effectiveness in prisoner treatment, both on the part of the judiciary and the executive branch, which has numerous management flaws. Conclusion: A serious and drastic change is required in this sector to maintain minimum conditions so that the population can ensure its safety and the right to come and go with minimal risks. The population must be protected both on the streets and in prisons while in the correctional system, which has a large vicious cycle of ramifications that perpetuate the current crime scenario, largely due to the lack of proper management.

Design of an enhanced feature point matching algorithm utilizing 3D laser scanning technology for sculpture design.

As the aesthetic appreciation for art continues to grow, there is an increased demand for precision and detailed control in sculptural works. The advent of 3D laser scanning technology introduces transformative new tools and methodologies for refining correction systems in sculpture design. This article proposes a feature point matching algorithm based on fragment measurement and the iterative closest point (ICP) methodology, leveraging 3D laser scanning technology, namely Fragment Measurement Iterative Closest Point Feature Point Matching (FM-ICP-FPM). The FM-ICP-FPM approach uses the overlapping area of the two sculpture perspectives as a reference for attaching feature points. It employs the 3D measurement system to capture physical point cloud data from the two surfaces to enable the initial alignment of feature points. Feature vectors are generated by segmenting the region around the feature points and computing the intra-block gradient histogram. Subsequently, distance threshold conditions are set based on the constructed feature vectors and the preliminary feature point matches established during the coarse alignment to achieve precise feature point matching. Experimental results demonstrate the exceptional performance of the FM-ICP-FPM algorithm, achieving a sampling interval of 200. The correct matching rate reaches an impressive 100%, while the mean translation error (MTE) is a mere 154 mm, and the mean rotation angle error (MRAE) is 0.065 degrees. The indicator represents the degree of deviation in translation and rotation of the registered model, respectively. These low error values demonstrate that the FM-ICP-FPM algorithm excels in registration accuracy and can generate highly consistent three-dimensional models.

Coupling correction system on the SKIF light source and TbT diagnostics of linear difference resonance with swing of eigenmodes

The coupling correction system of the future SKIF light source has been optimized with the use of numerical simulation. It includes 128 BPMs (out of 224), 128 skew-quadrupoles out of 256 in MBA sections and 32 skew-quadrupoles in dispersion-free intervals. The system is complementary to the global correction and is intended to suppress simultaneously vertical dispersion and linear difference resonance. High efficiency of the EVD-based correction method has been demonstrated at various numerical examples. The possibility of determining the width of the linear difference resonance, which is necessary for such a correction, by the slope of the ellipses of normal modes is under study. The modes are resonantly swung and their elliptical shape is reproduced according to the TbT (turn-by-turn) data of the BPMs. The results of the corresponding real experiment on VEPP-4M are presented, as well as the numerical experiment on the swing of eigenmodes on the SKIF.

Effectiveness of Treating Vertical Maxillary Excess Among Non-growing Adult Patients With Skeletal Anchorage System: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case Reports From 2008 to 2023.

Vertical maxillary excess presents a complex challenge in orthodontic treatment, necessitating effective anchorage systems for optimal correction. This research is useful to assess the skeletal anchorage system's (SAS) effectivenessin correcting the vertical maxillary excess among adult patients presenting with gummy smiles. This study includes case reports with English full text and examines the global general adult (18+) human population with vertical maxillary excess (VME). Publications from 2008 to 2023 were considered. The current systematic Review's framework follows patient, intervention, comparison, outcome and (sometimes) time (PICO(T)) criteria. Information sources were PubMed advanced search, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE) (Elsevier), Web of Science, and Scopus (advanced search). OnFebruary 6th, 2024, the last search was carried out utilizingthe same databases; the risk of bias was evaluated utilizing the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool. Data synthesis was carried out on their own by the case and classical teams. The Meta XL (v.5.0) program (EpiGear International Pty Ltd., Queensland, Australia) Excel extension for meta-analysis was used. The inverse variance heterogeneity model was applied during the meta-analysis process. I2 and Cochrane's Q statistics were applied to gauge the degree of data heterogeneity.Two hundred fifty-two potential articles were found as a result of the search technique. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a total of 12 studies went through the analysis procedure.All 12 studies (case reports) and a total of 12 participants, including 11 females and one male, were studied from countries like India, the USA, Korea, Japan, China, and Mongolia. The age of patients is between 18 and 36 years. Out of 12 studies, in 11 studies, the orthodontic problem was Class II malocclusion with vertical maxillary excess. The pooled intrusion for the orthodontic treatment was seen, and almost 70% of the studies had a similar range. Only three studies were out of the 95% CI range of the other studies. The heterogeneity among the studies was 97.42%.Findings showed that p was statistically significant (p < 0.0001).The limitation of this study is that this is asystematic review and meta-analysis of case reports.

Современные проблемы повторной преступности. Социально-психологический аспект

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Current data of official statistics show a steady decline in the number of crimes committed in our country. There is a general humanistic vector of development of the domestic law enforcement system and, in particular, the system of execution of punishments, which is expressed in the reduction in the number of persons both criminally prosecuted and sentenced to real imprisonment for a certain period of time, the creation and development of the institute of probation as a system of support for those released from prison. At the same time, the problem of crime in general and repeat crime in particular does not lose its relevance. The presented work analyzes the data of scientific research devoted to the study of repeat crime. Special emphasis is made on the group of convicts who repeatedly served their sentences in places of deprivation of liberty or previously served their sentences in educational colonies of the criminal-executive system of the Russian Federation. Through the prism of the study of this sample, the issue of the effectiveness of the system of correction of persons who have committed crimes is analyzed from a psychological point of view. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Key words&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: correction, punishment, youth, convicts, repeated criminality, criminal behavior, criminality, recidivism, penal system of the Russian Federation&lt;/p&gt;

Analysing the support mechanisms of the vaginal ring pessary on supine and upright MRI

Vaginal pessaries have been used for millennia to alleviate symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Despite their long-standing use, the success rate of pessary treatment is approximately 60%, and the underlying mechanisms of support are not well understood. This study aims to investigate three previously proposed hypotheses regarding the support mechanisms of pessaries, utilizing supine and upright magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): (1) support by bony structures, (2) support by levator ani muscles (LAM), and (3) the uterus keeping the pessary in place by acting as a lever. Thirty POP patients, with a successful pessary fit for more than 3 months, underwent MRI scans in both upright and supine position. The position of the pelvic bony structures, LAM, uterus, and pessary were analysed by placing corresponding points on these structures and comparing the differences between supine and upright. Also, the angle of the pessary with the horizontal plane of the pelvic inclination corrections system was analysed. Principal component analysis was applied to evaluate how the positions of the LAM and the pessary changed between the two positions. The lowest point of the pessary descends below the lowest point of the bony structures in upright position, disproving the first hypothesis. The pessary significantly descends towards the LAM from supine to upright, but does not drop below it, strengthening the second hypothesis. The pessary angle is below 90° in upright position, the uterus is positioned in the pessary centre and remains constant from supine to upright, strengthening the third hypothesis.