Correct Body Mass Research Articles

A Cross-Sectional Study on Awareness and Knowledge of Sleeve Gastrectomy in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Obesity is a global health concern associated with a plethora of chronic diseases. Genetic and lifestyle factors play a pivotal role in its development, making it a significant challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. In this context, sleeve gastrectomy has emerged as a prominent bariatric surgical intervention, but the level of awareness and knowledge regarding its indications and complications in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia is underexplored. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over one year, from January 2022 to December 2022. The study aimed to assess the level of awareness among adults residing in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia regarding the indications and potential complications associated with sleeve gastrectomy. The study utilized random sampling and distributed a well-designed questionnaire in both English and Arabic. The questionnaire, validated for reliability, covered demographic data, general knowledge of sleeve gastrectomy, awareness of its indications, and knowledge of potential complications. The study included 1730 participants, with a majority in the 18-25 age group, predominantly female, and possessing a bachelor's degree. Awareness of sleeve gastrectomy was remarkably high, with 99% of respondents having heard of it, but only 50.1% accurately recognized the correct body mass index range for classifying obesity. Knowledge scores revealed 61.7% with poor knowledge, 31% with moderate knowledge, and 7.2% with good knowledge levels. Only 56.1% correctly identified the indications for sleeve gastrectomy. While participants displayed awareness of common complications, such as nutritional deficiencies, knowledge gaps persisted. This study exposes significant gaps in awareness and knowledge regarding sleeve gastrectomy, particularly concerning its indications and potential complications. It underscores the urgent need for targeted educational initiatives and active healthcare provider engagement in disseminating accurate information. Bridging these knowledge gaps through tailored public health campaigns can empower individuals to make informed decisions about the management of obesity.

Antidiabetic and Hepatoprotective Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Rauwolfia Vomitoria (Apocynaceae) Roots Barkless on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

In Côte d'Ivoire, people use Rauwolfia vomitoria (Apocynaceae) as traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study is to bring out the potentiel antidiabetic effect of an aqueous extract of roots devoid of Rauwolfia vomitoria bark (EARv), in rats made diabetic by alloxan monohydrate, a diabetogen substance, compared with the effect of glibenclamide, a reference antidiabetic substance. For this, the blood glucose level and weight evolution of healthy rats (normoglycemic), diabetic control rats and diabetic rats treated with EARv or glibenclamide are measured, as well as variations in transaminase levels during 28 days of experimentation. Administration of alloxan induces in rats made diabetic characterized by a significant and permanent increase in blood sugar, a decrease in body mass, followed by an increase in the level of serum transaminases, a sign of liver toxicity in rats. In rats made diabetic and treated daily with EARv at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight (B.W), there is a decrease in blood sugar and an increase in body mass, in the sense of their normalization, during the 28 days of treatment. In diabetes rats, EARv also results in normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration and a significant decrease in aspartate aminotransferase (AST). These effects of EARv at 1000 mg/kg B.W are similar to those of glibenclamide at 10 mg/kg B.W. These results show that, just like glibenclamide, EARv is an antidiabetic, hepatoprotective substance and tends to correct body mass loss in diabetic rats. These effects of EARv justify the use of Rauwolfia vomitoria in traditional medicine in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Factors determining health behaviours of the 50+ population with cardiovascular diseases.

The biggest threat to life are cardiovascular diseases which are a serious problem in Poland, Europe, and worldwide. Therefore, it has become important to have proper health behaviours which significantly eliminate the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. The main aim of this study is to present factors that determine health behaviours of the 50+ population with cardiovascular diseases. The study was carried out among 411 individuals aged over 50 with cardiovascular diseases. The method used was a diagnostic survey. The study involved an authors' survey questionnaire and the Inventory of Health-Related Behaviours (IHB). A detailed statistical analysis was carried out in the R programme, version 3.5.1. The most common disease in the study group was coronary heart disease - 63.75%. The majority of respondents showed (via Inventory of Health-Related Behaviour [IHB]) that the level of their health behaviours was moderate - 41.12%; the highest level of health behaviours in the study group were related to health practices, while a slightly lower level was observed in the area of positive mental attitude. Statistical significance was also found between the level of intensity of health behaviours and age, gender, BMI, place of residence, education, professional activity and marital status of the respondents. Anti-health behaviours were predominant among the respondents; significant demographic and social factors determining health behaviour were determined, such as age and gender; a high level of health behaviours was found in the group of women with higher education and correct body mass, living in cities and married.

Body mass as an estimate of female body condition in a hibernating small mammal

In hibernating squirrels, the amount of energy stored as fat may influence several important demographic traits, but is difficult to quantify in living animals. Thus, several non-destructive indices of body condition are used, including simple indices that use body mass and scaled indices that correct body mass for structural size. However, the accuracy of these indices for hibernating squirrels is poorly known. We used measurements of total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) from adult female Golden-mantled Ground Squirrels (Callospermophilus lateralis) to characterize body composition (lean mass versusfat mass) and condition (fat stores) at multiple stages in the circannual cycle. Body mass explained a high proportion of the variation in fat mass during the emergence and pre-hibernation stages, but less during the reproduction stage. Contrary to expectation, correcting for structural size did not markedly improve the condition index. Our results suggest that body mass is a good estimate of body condition during the periods of emergence and pre-hibernation fattening, and therefore may be useful to predict important components of fitness such as reproductive success and overwinter survival.

Assessment of Body Mass Index and fundamental movement patterns as determinants of speed abilities in male college athletes using multidimensional linear regression

Aim. Speed is the fundamental motor skill in many sports. Factors determining its level are the subject of many researchers’ investigations. There are only few data on the relationship between morphological features, movement patterns, and speed abilities. The aim was to assess connections between weight-height proportions, movement patterns and the speed abilities of male college athletes. Methods. 41 men, college athletes (20.60 ± 1.22 years). The criterion of inclusion was: absence of injury during the 6 weeks before the tests, doing a sport discipline that included the speed component. Body height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. The FMSTM test and motor trials: Long jump, 20m Linear Speed, Agility T-test were conducted. Results. There were no simple relationships between the FMSTM score and motor tests, only the Deep Squat test significantly correlated with the Long Jump. Higher body weight and BMI value were associated with worse time at 20m Linear Speed. BMI proved to be better predictors of the results of speed tests (20 linear speed, Agility T-test) rather than movement patterns. Conclusions. Speed abilities are associated with many other factors that have a greater impact on the speed. The correct pattern of the Deep Squat allows to release more power of the lower limbs in the Long Jump. Maintaining the correct body mass in relation to the body height determines the possibility of achieving better results in speed tests.

The correlation between the concentration of hepcidin in serum and the occurrence of insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Scarce clinical and experimental studies suggest that hepcidin can be a protein participating in the development of metabolic disorders, while its synthesis and concentration in the circulation outside of the iron metabolism parameters can be influenced by hormones. The aim of the present study was to determine the correlation between the concentration of hepcidin in serum and the occurrence of insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia in women with PCOS. Five groups of women with PCOS were divided based on: correct body mass (17 without hyperandrogenemia and insulin resistance - G1; 17 with hyperandrogenemia and without insulin resistance - G2; 11 without hyperandrogenemia and with insulin resistance - G3; 10 with hyperandrogenemia and insulin resistance - G4), metabolic and hormonal parameters and selected markers of iron metabolism. Serum glucose levels were significantly higher in the group G3 than G1 and in the group G4 than G1 and G2. Serum insulin levels and HOMA-IR values were significantly higher in the groups G3 and G4 than G1 and G2. Serum androstenedione levels were significantly higher in the group G2 than G1 and G3 than G2. Serum transferrin levels were significantly lower in the group G1 than in the reaming study groups. It has been demonstrated that insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia appear to be the factors decreasing the concentration of transferrin circulation, but not the remaining parameters of the iron metabolism in the studied women. No relationship between the concentration of hepcidin circulation and other studied parameters of the iron metabolism and the parameters of the carbohydrate metabolism was discovered. Androstenedione can stimulate hepcidin synthesis in women with PCOS with correct body mass.

The level of physical activity in elderly persons with overweight and obesity

An important factor in maintaining elderly people in good health is an appropriate level of physical activity. The research into physical activity level of the elderly is quite crucial as the low level of such activity may lead to disability and that, in turn, generates the need of additional care which constitutes a serious social problem. As the existing data seem to lack a lot, new research would enrich our knowledge in new conclusions. The aim of the study is to analyze and estimate the physical activity of the elderly persons with overweight or obesity elderly. The research group consisted of 360 overweight and obese elderly people. The criteria of inclusion into a research group were living in family homes, overweight (BMI=25.0-29.9 kg/m2) or obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), no contraindications to physical activity, age between 60 and 74 and written consent for the participation of the experiment. The control group consisted of 360 people without overweight and obesity. The inclusion criteria included age 60-74 BMI<25.0 kg/m2 and living at family home. The data was gathered with the use of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The average age in the test group was 67,03±4,264 and in control group 66,59±4,050. The research has shown that the level of physical activity of overweight and obese senior citizens was lower than in people with correct body mass. Frequency of high intensity of physical activity undertaken by seniors in the test group was 0.7 day per week and lasted 16.1 minutes a day ( in the control group 2.5 days per day and 32.8 minutes per day, respectively). The IPAQ examination has shown that 95.8% of the test group participants had insufficient level of professional activity, 99.7% in transport-related physical activity, 86.1% in household chores and 99.4% in free time physical activity. The level of physical activity of the elderly in the test group was very low, much lower than in people of the same age but with correct body mass. The lowest level of physical activity was noted in transport-related physical activity and leisure time physical activity.

Adjusting for body mass change in white‐tailed deer during hunting season

ABSTRACTAge‐specific body mass is a variable of interest to managers and hunters of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Long hunting seasons across much of the southern United States include most of the period of active rut, when individual body mass fluctuates over time. Adjusting body mass for harvest date would improve accuracy of age‐specific mass estimates and enable managers to make valid comparisons among years with different harvest patterns. We used 17 years (1991–2007) of harvest records from the Delta, Thin Loess, and Lower Coastal Plain (LCP) soil regions of Mississippi, USA, to develop age‐ and region‐specific models of average daily mass at harvest for male and female deer over a 121‐day hunting season. Models of female mass peaked in early winter near median population conception date. Among females, yearling mass exhibited the most marked fluctuations, with a projected increase of 7.3% from the start of hunting season to its seasonal peak. Modeled mass of harvested males fluctuated more strongly, peaking well before median conception date and decreasing an average of 13.8% from seasonal peak to the end of hunting season. Harvest mass of prime‐aged (5.5–7.5 years old) males began decreasing earliest in all regions, reflecting earlier participation in rut, and mass of older males always peaked earlier than younger males in the Delta and Thin Loess. In the LCP, projected peak male body mass did not correlate with age class and spacing between dates of peak mass was greatly truncated relative to other regions. Different patterns of mass change between the LCP and other regions may be explained by later breeding, greater overlap of rut‐related and seasonal hypophagy, and lower nutritional plane. Models to correct body mass for harvest date should be specific to sex and age class and distinguish among adjacent populations with different mating season phenology. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.

A study on hypertension in geriatric population in a slum of Kolkata

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the major contributors of morbidity and mortality in the elderly people. Among them, hypertension is one of the most important treatable causes of morbidity and mortality in elderly population. Furthermore, high blood pressure is a modifiable risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Objective: To find out the magnitude of hypertension and its association with sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 elderly people (age ≥ 60 years) in an urban slum, Chetla, under the purview of All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health (AIIHPH), Kolkata, during a study period of 2 months. The blood pressure of participants was measured following the standard operation procedures as laid down by the WHO. Hypertension was classified as per Joint National Committee (JNC)-8 criteria. Sociodemographic characteristics and other risk factors were assessed during the study with the help of a semi-structured, pretested questionnaire. Result: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 64%. The prevalence among male and female subjects was 62.8% and 64.9%, respectively. About 40.6% cases of hypertension were newly detected. Among the hypertensive people, 92.6% of them were smokers, 83.7% of them consumed alcohols, 66% of them used smokeless tobacco, and 70.3% of them were taking extra salt. This study revealed that hypertension was significantly associated with age, social class, physical activity, alcohol intake, smoking status, and intake of extra salt. Conclusion: The study sample was small, and in view of limited studies in this area, a further research using a large sample is needed. Greater emphasis should be laid on the most disadvantaged and neglected (i.e., the poor geriatric population) in the society in terms of hypertension management and on reinforcing all preventive measures such as physical activities, correct diet, maintenance of correct body mass index, and good compliance of drug intake. This will in the long run help in the enhancement of hypertension control.

Poor knowledge about gestational weight gain limits provision of counselling by maternity care providers: A systematic review

Abstract of a presentation that was present at the NSA 2014 Annual Scientific Meeting, 26-28 November, Hobart, Australia. Disciplines Medicine and Health Sciences | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication Details Gorman, E., Billington, T., Lucas, C., Probst, Y. & Charlton, K. E. (2014). Poor knowledge about gestational weight gain limits provision of counselling by maternity care providers: a systematic review. Abstracts of HSA 2014 Annual Scientific Meeting (pp. 1-1). Australia: HSA. This conference paper is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/smhpapers/2351 POOR KNOWLEDGE ABOUT GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN LIMITS PROVISION OF COUNSELLING BY MATERNITY CARE PROVIDERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW E Gorman, T Billing, CJ Lucas, Y Probst, KE Charlton School of Medicine, University of Wollongong NSW Contact e-mail: eg336@uowmail.edu.au Background/Aims: Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with a number of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Women receiving appropriate weight gain advice from their maternity care provider are more likely to gain weight within recommended ranges. Evidence suggests that relatively few women receive appropriate counselling. This study aimed to explore factors that influence whether information on appropriate GWG is provided to pregnant women by midwives and other maternity care providers. Methods: A systematic literature review using Scopus, Web of Science and Medline databases (2004-2014) was conducted in May 2014. Peer-reviewed English language studies from western countries exploring maternity care providers’ knowledge of and practices related to GWG were included. Results: Twenty one studies were included. Maternity care providers believed GWG to be an important obstetric issue but lacked knowledge regarding correct body mass index classification and appropriate GWG targets. Inadequate knowledge of GWG was cited as a frequent barrier to the provision of counselling. Providers with a high self-perceived knowledge of GWG were more likely to include this topic in their counselling of pregnant women. To improve GWG knowledge maternity care providers expressed a desire for further training and education. Interactive problem based learning was cited as a favourable model for future education. Conclusions: Maternity care providers may refrain from offering, or provide incorrect, GWG advice, due to an inadequate understanding of the topic. Further understanding of this relationship and other barriers that may prevent provision of weight gain counselling is needed. Funding source(s): N/A

The importance of taste on dietary choice, behaviour and intake in a group of university students

s / Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 1 (2014) 1e55 37 showed a difference in salt content per serving between SR and HR (2.2 ± 2.1 g vs. 1.4 ± 1.2 g; p 1⁄4 0.010). Conclusions: Standard CC recipes or CC recipes targeting healthy eating and weight loss do not differ; and do not meet healthy eating benchmark guidelines. Funding source(s): N/A. THE IMPORTANCE OF TASTE ON DIETARY CHOICE, BEHAVIOUR AND INTAKE IN A GROUP OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS S. Kourouniotis , R.S.J. Keast , S. Cicerale . 1 School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, VIC, Australia E-mail: sara.cicerale@deakin.edu.au (S. Kourouniotis) Background/Aims: Overweight and obesity prevalence is on the rise within Australia and evidence suggests that excess energy intake is a major contributor to this excess weight gain. Foods high in energy-density contribute to excess energy intake, as they tend to be more palatable and have been associated with increased food consumption. The ‘taste of food’ has been considered an important factor influencing food choice in previous international research. Methods: Participants were recruited from Deakin University, Melbourne. A food frequency questionnaire and a Food and Diet questionnaire were used to assess intake frequency of food consumption over the prior month and to assess dietary behaviours such as how important taste was on food choice within the student population. Results: The study included 1,306 participants (mean ± SD BMI 22.3 ± 3.2, age 20.5 ± 4.5 years, female 1⁄4 1,026, 84% Australian). Taste was rated the most important factor influencing food choice (82%), followed by quality (81%), cost (47.6%) and ease of preparation (37%). Correlation analysis revealed weak, negative correlations between taste importance and BMI (n 1⁄4 1,205, r 1⁄4 -0.003, p < 0.05), weak positive correlations between taste importance and gender (n 1⁄4 1281, r 1⁄4 0.127, p < 0.01); eating 5 serves of vegetables daily (n1⁄4 1290, r1⁄4 0.005, p < 0.01); eating 2 serves of fruit daily (n 1⁄4 1291, r 1⁄4 0.011, p < 0.01); consumption of convenience meals (n 1⁄4 1290, r 1⁄4 0.015, p < 0.05) and takeaway (n 1⁄4 1290, r 1⁄4 0.058, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Taste was considered an important factor in food choice, however only weak associations between taste importance and demographics, BMI, dietary behaviours and dietary intake were found. This suggests that other factors may play a stronger role in food consumption within the student population. Funding source(s): N/A. POOR KNOWLEDGE ABOUT GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN LIMITS PROVISION OF COUNSELLING BY MATERNITY CARE PROVIDERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW E. Gorman , T. Billing , C.J. Lucas , Y. Probst , K.E. Charlton . 1 School of Medicine, University of Wollongong NSW, Australia E-mail: eg336@uowmail.edu.au (E. Gorman) Background/Aims: Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with a number of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Women receiving appropriate weight gain advice from their maternity care provider are more likely to gainweight within recommended ranges. Evidence suggests that relatively few women receive appropriate counselling. This study aimed to explore factors that influence whether information on appropriate GWG is provided to pregnant women by midwives and other maternity care providers. Methods: A systematic literature review using Scopus, Web of Science and Medline databases (2004-2014) was conducted in May 2014. Peerreviewed English language studies from western countries exploring maternity care providers’ knowledge of and practices related to GWGwere included. Results: Twenty one studies were included. Maternity care providers believed GWG to be an important obstetric issue but lacked knowledge regarding correct body mass index classification and appropriate GWG targets. Inadequate knowledge of GWG was cited as a frequent barrier to the provision of counselling. Providers with a high self-perceived knowledge of GWG were more likely to include this topic in their counselling of pregnant women. To improve GWG knowledge maternity care providers expressed a desire for further training and education. Interactive problem based learning was cited as a favourable model for future education. Conclusions: Maternity care providers may refrain from offering, or provide incorrect, GWG advice, due to an inadequate understanding of the topic. Further understanding of this relationship and other barriers that may prevent provision of weight gain counselling is needed. Funding source(s): N/A. MAKING HEALTHY FOOD CHOICES: A QUALITATIVE INVESTIGATION TO UNDERPIN THE E-ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITION LITERACY J.A. Gifford , A.M. Cassar , H.T. O’Connor , G.S. Denyer . 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia; 2 Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of

Obstructive sleep apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disease characterized by the occurrence of at least five 10-second pauses in breathing (apnea) or abnormally low breathing events (hypopnea) accompanied with a decrease in blood oxygen saturation by 2-4% per hour of sleep, despite continued, or even intensified, movements of respiratory muscles. OSA is diagnosed in 4% of men and 2% of women who develop the disease later, usually after the menopause. The severity of the disease is assessed with Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) indicating the average number of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep. OBS is a multicausal disease. The reported risk factors include: obesity, anatomical and post-inflammatory abnormalities in the structure of upper respiratory tract, inappropriate sleep hygiene, maxillary and mandibular deficiencies. The disease may lead to numerous life-threatening complications. Maintaining a correct body mass, good sleep hygiene, rational use of hypnotic drugs and appropriate surgical-orthodontic treatment of patients with malocclusions and anatomic craniofacial anomalies are the basic principles of preventing OBS in patients prone to this disease.

Obesity and suppleness in school children

Introduction. Obesity is a common phenomenon and more frequently it is concerning the younger generations. Its distant consequences are alarming, especially in the area of health and the level of physical fitness. One of its components is suppleness; retaining its proper level seems essential as it delays experiencing various health conditions. The aim of this study was to compare the level of suppleness in school children with correct body mass and those overweight or obese. It was assumed that the suppleness level of boys and girls would be similar and that the groups of both younger children and those with correct body mass would be characterized by a higher level of the tested feature. Material and methods. The study included 120 students of year 2 and 5 in state primary schools from medium sized cities in the central area of the country. Body height and mass were measured and BMI was calculated. Suppleness was evaluated based on depth of sitting forward bend and sitting side bends. Data was differentiated according to age and BMI value. Results. A large percentage of overweight and obesity occurring in the studied groups of children was established, both in the beginning and at the end of young school development period, which to a greater extent concerns boys than girls. A similar level of suppleness in younger and older children was observed, with the exception of girls with correct body mass. Moreover, groups of overweight and obese children were characterized by worse suppleness results and greater dimorphic differences of this motoric feature. Conclusions. The increasing phenomenon of obesity among school children and its negative influence on the level of suppleness proves that hitherto prophylactic and educational process concerning health promoting has not been efficient enough, both in school environment and among adult members of the society. It justifies the necessity to introduce systemic changes in those areas based on holistic physical education of the whole society.

The Influence of Physical Activity on Body Composition and the Level of Student's Flexibility

Abstract Introduction. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of physical activity on the body ingredients and the level of flexibility among students with various levels of physical activity. Material and methods. The study involved 235 physical education students and 142 physiotherapy students (171 females and 206 males). The results provided information regarding their levels of physical activity. Their body ingredients were determined with the use of a Tanita BC 418 MA analyser. Their level of flexibility was assessed using the Modified Sit-and-Reach Test. Results. The results of the study demonstrated a significantly lower body mass, lower fat content, lower value of the BMI index as well as a significantly higher level of flexibility (p<0.001) among students of physical education, compared to the students of physiotherapy. Conclusions. The results indicate a positive impact of increased physical activity on the correct body mass as well as a very good level of flexibility.