Corpus Luteum Cyst Research Articles

Pathological Study on Female Reproductive Affections in Dogs and Cats at Alexandria Province, Egypt

Uterus, Ovary, Dogs, Cats, Histopathology, Egypt. Reproductive lesions are commonly seen in small animal practice. This study aimed to assess the reproductive disorders in bitches and queens. During the period from March 2013 to March 2015, 7 bitches and 28 queens of different breeds and ages (7 months up to 13 years) were collected from Alexandria Veterinary Medicine Directorate and Alifa Vet. Clinic, Alexandria, Egypt. They were examined clinically and by ultrasonography then ovariohysterectomy was performed for affected cases. Tissue specimens from uteri (n=35) and ovaries (n=20) were collected for both gross and histopathological examination. Results revealed that the most commonly recorded pathological conditions in the examined uteri were chronic endometritis (cats 67.85%, dogs 50% ) followed by uterine neoplasms (cats 10.71%, dogs 37.5%), acute endometritis (cats 14.28%, dogs 12.5%) and disturbance in circulation (cats 7.14%). Cystic Ovaries was the most prevalent pathological conditions among the recorded ovarian lesions (cats 35.29%, dogs 50%) represented mainly by follicular cysts (cats 35.29%, dogs 16.66%), cystic corpus luteum (dogs 16.66%) and cystic rete ovarii (dogs 16.66%) followed by ovarian neoplasms (cats 35.29%) represented mainly by papillary cystadenoma (29.41%) and Granulosa theca cell tumor (5.88%) followed by persistent corpus luteum (cats 11.76%, dogs 50%), circulatory disturbance (cats 11.76%) and oophoritis (5.88%). In conclusion, the female reproductive disorders were significantly recorded in cats than in dogs. The uterine lesions were the most frequent estimated affections, than while the ovarian lesions were found the second. Mostly, animals with uterine lesions were associated with ovarian lesions particularly, cystic ovaries.

A report of 26 cases of ovarian lesions as seen in a Tertiary Institution in North-East Nigeria

varian cancer is a lethal disease. Globally, it claims 125,000 lives per year. Non-neoplastic lesions of the ovary frequently mimic ovarian neoplasms; many occur in the reproductive years and may be associated with infertility. The clinical diagnosis of ovarian cancers is still problematic when compared with that of the cervix owing to the fact that the ovary is less accessible and there has been no universally accepted screening protocol. : To study the pattern and age distribution of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the ovary in a tertiary institution in North – east Nigeria and compare it with other centers. : It was a retrospective retrieval of oopherectomy specimens seen over a 1 year period with review of their histopathologic characteristics. : A total of 26 oophorectomy specimens were received within the study st st period (1 January 2012 to 31 December 2012). There were 11(42.3%) nonneoplastic conditions and 15(57.7%) neoplastic conditions of which 8 (30.8%) were benign and 7 (26.9%) malignant tumours .The age range of non-neoplastic conditions was 20 to 49 years. Corpus luteum cyst was the most common lesion 4 (15.4%) and a case of ovarian ectopic gestation was observed. Neoplastic lesions were predominantly observed in fourth, third and second decades of life with age range of 17 years to 72 years. Papillary serous Cystadenocarcinoma was the most common malignant tumour, 5(19.2%). : The most common non-neoplastic ovarian lesion was Corpus luteum cyst and the most common benign and malignant ovarian neoplasm was papillary serous Cystadenoma and papillary serous Cystadenocarcima respectively. A further review may be needed in the future to compare epidemiologic trends in the environment

Explorando os efeitos da sincronização do segundo estro e flushing alimentar sobre a incidência de cistos ovarianos em marrãs utilizando gonadotrofinas exógenas

Estrus stimulation by exogenous gonadotropins (EG) in association with dietary flushing is an important tool for the improvement of gilt reproductive performance. However, there is evidence associating both flushing and EG with a disturbance in the endocrine balance that could lead to increased ovarian cysts. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether flushing or EG might affect the ovulation rate and the incidence of ovarian cysts. Seventy-one gilts were randomly distributed into 2x2 factorial design with four treatments: flushing and hormone (wFwH); no flushing and hormone (nFwH); flushing without hormone (wFnH); and neither flushing nor hormone (nFnH). Gilts were slaughtered for macroscopic and histopathological ovary examination approximately five days after AI. The characterization of these cysts was performed by optical microscopy in the following: follicular cysts (FC), luteinized cysts (LC) or cystic corpora lutea (CCL). The number of ovulations did not differ between treatments. There was no interaction between the factors in any analyzed variable. The frequency of gilts with CCL and LC was not affected by flushing and EG. No difference was found in the incidence of FC, with 12.5% and 5.88% in gilts from wFwH and nFwH treatments, respectively. There were no differences in the proportion of CCL between FC and LC (9.85 vs. 4.22 and 4.22%, respectively). In conclusion, the use of exogenous gonadotropins for second estrus synchronization in gilts, either alone or in association with dietary flushing, does not increase the incidence of ovarian cysts, nor does it decrease the ovulation rate.

Spontaneous massive hemoperitoneum from hemorrhagic corpus luteum cyst as initial presentation of aplastic anemia

Abstract While hemorrhagic ovarian cysts are quite common, rupture leading to spontaneous severe hemoperitoneum is much more rare, and in the setting of an acquired bone marrow failure syndrome, it can be a life-threatening event. We describe a 17-year-old female presenting with syncope, abdominal pain, and large-volume hemoperitoneum, associated with diffuse petechiae and oral purpura, who was found to have a hemorrhagic corpus luteum cyst at laparoscopic exploration. After discharge, the patient re-presented with severe anemia and thrombocytopenia, and was diagnosed with acquired severe aplastic anemia of unknown etiology.

Macroscopic and histological characteristics of fluid-filled ovarian structures in dairy cows

The primary objective of this study was to use macroscopic and histological features of corpora lutea with a cavity and anovulatory cystic ovarian structures, present in 90 pairs of abattoir-derived dairy cow ovaries, as the basis to clarify the nomenclature of ovarian structures. Excluding morphologically normal ovarian fol-licles (antrum < 2 cm, wall < 1 mm), there were 27 fluid-filled ovarian structures. Ovulatory structures > 16 mm in diameter were designated as Group A (cavity ≤ 10 mm and wall > 10 mm) or Group B (cavity > 10 mm and wall < 10 mm). The volume of luteal tissue was less (P < 0.05) in Group B than in Group A, whereas that of a solid corpus luteum (CL) was intermediate (least square means ± SEM: 72 ± 1.92, 11.22 ± 1.57 and 5.84 ± 1.92 cm3, respectively). There was a greater proportion (P < 0.05) of small luteal cells in Group B compared to a solid CL, whereas Group A was intermediate (58.6 ± 5.3, 37.4 ± 5.3 and 44.0 ± 4.4%, respectively). Connective tissue was thicker (P < 0.05) in Group B than in Group A (295.4 ± 46.9 vs. 153.9 ± 38.2 μm). Based on the above-mentioned characteristics and differences, Groups A and B were designated as a CL with a cavity and a cystic CL, respectively. Furthermore, there were three groups of anovulatory ovarian structures. Structures in Group C were termed persistent/anovulatory follicles (overall diameter and wall thickness ≤ 20 and 1-3 mm, respectively). Finally, Groups D and E were designated as a follicle-fibrous cyst and a follicle-luteinised cyst (based on histological structure) for anovulatory structures with an overall diameter and wall thickness of ≥ 20 and ≤ 3 mm, and ≥ 20 and ≥ 3 mm, respectively.

Ovarian and oviductal pathologies in the buffalo: Occurrence, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches

Ovarian pathologies observed in the buffalo include developmental anomalies, inflammatory conditions and neoplasm's, the usual incidence of which has been observed to be low (0.1%–19.0%) in abattoir studies. Ovarian functional disorders are the most frequently observed clinical entities in buffalo and include conditions such as sub estrus, (7.4%–55.8%), persistent corpus luteum (0.54%) and ovarian cysts (0.5%–1.4%). The diagnostic approaches for ovarian hypofunction and ovarian pathologies include transrectal palpation and transrectal ultrasonography the efficiency of which continues to be suboptimal especially for unilateral small sized pathological conditions. Techniques such as laparoscopy have been utilized for visualization of buffalo ovaries however; their clinical use appears to be uncommon. The therapy of most ovarian pathologies except the functional disorders appears to be difficult. The prospects of surgical removal of ovaries in neoplastic ovarian pathologies are limited owing to the costs and loss of reproductive function under bilateral conditions. Oviductal pathologies in buffalo have been mentioned largely from abattoir studies and include salpingitis (0.2%–14.2%), hydrosalpinx (0.7%–14.2%), pyosalpinx (0.6%–11.9%), adhesions (1.5%–1.7%), congenital defects (0.2%) and oviductal blockage (1.2%–37.8%). The diagnosis of most oviductal pathologies in buffalo appears to be difficult except under conditions of gross enlargement. Under situations of bilateral involvement the therapy of most oviductal pathologies currently seems impractical as the reattainment of fertility appears to be difficult.

The Gynecologic Management of Hemoperitoneum

INTRODUCTION: Rupture of a corpus luteum cyst is the major cause of gynecological hemoperitoneum. The diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion, laboratory data, and radiologic findings. Although mild cases require only observation and support, surgical intervention is necessary for severe cases. A standardized management is not defined. Our study compares the outcomes of patients undergoing conservative and surgical management of a ruptured corpus luteum cyst. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed, seeking data from Magee Women's Hospital patients with the diagnosis of hemoperitoneum, corpus luteum cyst, or follicular cyst of the ovary between September 2007 and January 2013. These women were hospitalized or underwent laparoscopy or laparotomy with the prior mentioned diagnoses including hemoperitoneum without proof of pregnancy. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 21. RESULTS: Our study included 30 patients in whom 17% underwent conservative management and 83% underwent surgical management including laparoscopy or laparotomy. Notably 63% of patients presented with rupture on the left side and 88% presented with abdominal or pelvic pain. We compared differences in radiologic findings (size of cyst, fluid volume, fluid location) between the conservative and surgical management groups and noted no significant differences. There were no significant differences in either short-term (hemoglobin drop, transfusion, infection, length of hospital stay, readmission within 3 months) or long-term outcomes (readmission with same diagnosis, future pregnancies) between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although our study size was small, there appears to be no significant adverse outcomes when managing stable hemoperitoneum with conservative management compared with surgical management.

Clinicomorphological Study Of Ovarian Lesions

This prospective study was conducted at College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital (CMS-TH) during December 2008 to May 2010. One hundred and fifty cases were analyzed. Age of the patients, parity, presenting symptoms, types of sur­gery, clinical diagnosis and complications were retrieved from case sheets. Surface epithelial tumors were more frequently observed above 30 years of age, (62.07%) cases. During 1st to 3rd decades of life, 62.8% germ cell tumors were seen; and sex cord tumors were seen in age group 41-60 years only. For all age groups, benign tumors were common than malignant tumors. There were 10.7% unmarried patients, 5.33% nulliparous, 35.55% of parity 1 to 2; 4% pregnant and 20 % postmeno­pausal women. There were 86.67% cases neoplastic, and 13.33% non-neoplastic ovarian lesions; 93.85% benign, 5.38% malignant and 0.77% borderline tumors. Surface epithelial tumors were the most common tumors (53.84%) followed by germ cell tumors (43.85%), constituted 46.7% and 38% among all ovarian lesions. The commonest benign tumors were serous cystadenomas and mature cystic teratomas, constituted 40% cases each. Dysgerminoma was the common malignant neoplasm (2.31%), all were seen in adolescents. Most of the other malignant neoplasms were observed above 40 years of age. Seventy percent (70%) of non-neoplastic lesions were hemorrhagic corpus luteum cysts. The commonest presenting symptom was pain in the lower abdomen (82%) followed by abdominal mass/ or distension (48.7%). Constitutional symp­toms were observed in malignant cases only. Grossly, majority of the ovarian lesions were of size ranging 5 to 15 cm; and 89.93% cystic lesions. There were 48.7% lesions in the right ovary and 45.3% in the left ovary; 6% bilateral ovarian lesions, all of which were observed in benign and non-neoplastic lesions. The common complication observed was torsion (6.7%) followed by rupture of the cysts (6%). Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2013; 3(4); 17-24 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i4.9549

The comparative study of Yaz and Ovocept-ld on patients with simple ovarian cysts referring to Iran-Isfahan Shariati Hospital

Background:Functional ovarian cysts include follicular, corpus luteum, and theca lutein cysts are the most common adnexal masses (about 50%) in women of reproductive age. Treatment with the combined monophasic oral contraceptives reduces functional ovarian cysts. Yaz (drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol) is a low-dose combined oral contraceptive pill containing 20 μg ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg drospirenone. In addition to contraceptive effects, Yaz has anti-mineralocorticoid and anti-adrenergic effects. Ovocept- low-dose LD is also a low-dose combined oral contraceptive drug containing 30 μg ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg norgestrol. Ovocept-LD has some side-effects such as weight gain, spotting, breast tenderness, nausea, and headache.Materials and Methods:Being a clinical study, the present research was carried out on 42 patients with the simple ovarian cysts from 2010 to 2012. 84 Patients were assigned to A and B groups. Group A received Yaz once a day for a period of 28 days and group B received Ovocept-LD once a day for a period of 21 days. After treating by Yaz and Ovocept-LD, Cysts were evaluated by ultrasound. Results were analyzed by the SPSS software. A P < 0.05 was considered the significance threshold.Results:Obtained results indicated that both Yaz and Ovocept-LD had an effect on the simple ovarian cysts. Statistical tests, however, has shown that the effect of Yaz has been significantly more than that of Ovocept-LD.Conclusion:Given the faster and better recovery effect, and the lesser side effects of Yaz as compared to Ovocept-LD, it is recommended to use Yaz for the simple ovarian cysts.

Hemoperitoneum from corpus luteal cyst rupture: a practical approach in emergency room.

Corpus luteum cyst rupture with consequent hemoperitoneum is a common disorder in women in their reproductive age. This condition should be promptly recognized and treated because a delayed diagnosis may significantly reduce women's fertility and intra-abdominal bleeding may be life-threatening. Many imaging modalities play a key role in the diagnosis of acute pelvic pain from gynecological causes. Ultrasound study (USS) is usually the first imaging technique for initial evaluation. USS is used to confirm or to exclude the presence of intraperitoneal fluid but it has some limitations in the identification of the bleeding source. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is the imaging modality which could be used in the acute setting in order to recognize gynecological emergencies and to establish a correct management. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) nowadays is the most useful technique for studying the pelvis but its low availability and the long acquisition time of the images limit its usefulness in characterization of acute gynecological complications. We report a case of a young patient with hemoperitoneum from hemorrhagic corpus luteum correctly identified by transabdominal USS and contrast-enhanced CT.

An 11-year experience with ovarian surgery during pregnancy

BackgroundThe management of ovarian tumors during pregnancy can be challenging because of the risk of fetal wastage and the possibility of surgery-related complications, or a delayed diagnosis of a possibly lethal disease or malignancy. The aim of this study was to study the characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women undergoing surgical intervention for ovarian tumors during pregnancy. MethodsWe reviewed the data of 102 pregnant women who underwent ovarian surgery between 2000 and 2010 at Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan. Data subject to analysis included gestational age at the time of surgery, complications, surgical and pathological findings, and the outcome of pregnancy. ResultsFifty-two women who underwent surgery were excluded, whether by cesarean section, during the postpartum period or during simultaneous abortion surgery. Ultimately, the data of 50 patients were analyzed. Almost all patients (n = 46, 92%) were asymptomatic and underwent elective surgery. Frequently, this surgery was done in the second trimester (n = 35, 70%). We determined that teratoma (26%), mucinous cystadenomas (20%), and endometriomas (16%) were the three most common pathological findings. Nonspecific ovarian tumors were common (28%), including seven corpus luteum cysts, six simple cysts, and one paratubal cyst. Two women were diagnosed with malignant ovarian tumors, but both were metastatic and the primary site was the colon. Ten women underwent laparoscopic surgery. General anesthesia was used in four patients, and all underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy. There was no surgery-related complication or instance of preterm labor. ConclusionIn our study cohort, surgical intervention during pregnancy was safe, since neither surgical approach, such as exploratory laparotomy or laparoscopic surgery, nor anesthesia methods, for example general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia showed negative impact on the pregnancy outcomes. Reported cases of malignant ovarian tumor are still rare, thus, the possibility of metastatic tumor should be considered first.

Unravelling the Ovarian Endometrioma Pathogenesis: “The Long and Winding Road” across the Various Theories

Controversy exists regarding the pathogenesis of endometriotic ovarian cysts. Different and complex theories have been proposed over the years since the description of chocolate cysts by Sampson in 1921. We have herein reviewed findings in support and against the most widely accepted theories. According to the theory of Hughesdson and Brosens, a prerequisite for endometrioma formation seems to be the inversion and progressive invagination of the ovarian cortex after the accumulation of menstrual debris derived from bleeding of superficial endometriotic implants, which are located on the ovarian surface and adherent to the peritoneum. Disproving the metaplasia hypothesis put forward by Donnez and coworkers and supporting the involvement of the ovulation process in the development of ovarian endometriosis, Vercellini and colleagues have recently demonstrated that a cystic corpus luteum may be a transitory step toward endometrioma formation. As these theories are not able to explain the various aspects of endometrioma formation fully, the possibility that the coelomic metaplasia of the ovarian mesothelium with changes into typical endometrial glands and stroma might be responsible for the endometrioma formation cannot be totally ruled out. Further research is needed to clearly elucidate the pathogenetic aspects of endometriotic ovarian cysts.

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney with endometrioid differentiation associated with pancreatic solid pseudopapillary tumor

Abstract Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney (MESTK) is a benign cystic neoplasm. Pancreatic solid-pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) is a typically cystic carcinoma of low malignant potential. We describe a MESTK synchronous with a SPT in a female with an ovarian cystic corpus luteum. Glands showed endometrioid differentiation and the spindle cell stroma created complex leaflet-like structures similar to Mullerian adenofibroma. The SPT consisted of polygonal cells with a pseudopapillary pattern and a cystic area. Expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in MESTK stromal cells and progesterone receptors in SPT provided a diagnostic clue, confirming the hormonal dependence in pathogenesis. Given that our MESTK is a polypoid tumor with endometrioid differentiation, the differential diagnosis with polypoid endometriosis is considered.

Bilateral massive corpus leteum cysts in a human immunodeficiency virus positive singleton pregnancy at term

Corpus luteum cyst at term is a rare occurrence. It is unusual for these cysts to be bilateral. We report a case of massive bilateral corpus luteum cysts in a term singleton pregnancy. A 32-year-old gravid 2, para 1, known human immunodeficiency virus positive patient on highly active antiretroviral therapy had an elective cesarean section at term on account of a low CD4 count and ovarian cysts. At surgery, she was found to have massive bilateral ovarian cysts. Each of the cysts was about the size of a 20-week size gravid uterus, (Left side 20 cm × 23 cm×15 cm; Right side 22 cm × 24 cm ×10 cm). After the 3.4 kg male baby was delivered in a good condition, a bilateral cystectomy was performed. Subsequent histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of corpus luteum cyst of pregnancy.

Ruptured corpus luteum cyst in early pregnancy: A case report

Transvaginal sonography and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) testing are cornerstones of modern clinical practice in cases with the suspected ectopic pregnancy. In unclear cases, if the level of hCG is above the discriminatory zones, the use of uterine curettage is recommended.There is an increasing concern that strict observation of the guidelines would potentially harm otherwise normal early intrauterine pregnancies in certain cases. A 35-year-old woman was admitted to hospital due to a severe lower abdominal pain. Based on the positive pregnancy test and sonographic exams which failed to demonstrate intrauterine pregnancy, the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was presumed. Laparoscopy revealed ruptured corpus luteum cyst and the diagnosis was confirmed on histopathological finding. Postoperatively, normal intrauterine gestation was visualised. Since the diagnosis of early pregnancy and its complications can be misleading, in unclear cases, we support the expectative "wait and see" management consisting of serial hCG testing and repeated ultrasound examinations. Avoidance of uterine curettage in such unclear cases would further reduce the possibility of normal early pregnancy interruption.

Long-term clinical data and molecular defects in the STAR gene in five Greek patients

Steroidogenic acute regulatory (STAR) gene mutations lead to adrenal and gonadal failure. Interesting, though as yet unexplained, features are the formation of ovarian cysts and the potential presence of CNS findings. To report biochemical, genetic, and long-term clinical data in five Greek patients from four different families with STAR gene defects (three 46,XX and two 46,XY). All patients presented in early infancy with adrenal insufficiency. The STAR gene mutation c.834del11bp, detected in three of our patients, completely alters the carboxyl end of the STAR protein and has not thus far been described in other population groups. These three patients belong to three separate families, possibly genetically related, as they live in different villages located in a small region of a Greek island. However, their interrelationship has not been proven. A second mutation, p.W250X, detected in our fourth family, was previously described only in two Serbian patients. Ovarian cysts were detected ultrasonographically in our 46,XX patients and seemed to respond to a low dose of a contraceptive. The histology of an excised ovarian cyst was diagnosed as a corpus luteum (CL) cyst. In two out of the four patients who had undergone brain magnetic resonance imaging, asymptomatic Chiari-1 malformation was observed. The occurrence of STAR gene mutation c.834del11bp in three families living in a restricted geographic region could indicate either a founder effect or simply reflect a spread of this defect in a highly related population. The ovarian histological findings suggest that ovarian cysts detected ultrasonographically in 46,XX individuals with STAR gene defects may be CL cysts. The Chiari-1 malformation in two of our patients may be part of the STAR gene mutation phenotype. Nevertheless, more data are needed to confirm or disprove the existence of specific CNS pathology in patients with STAR gene mutations.

The ways of optimization treatment of ovarian cystic lesions

Studies of endocrine status allowed to justify the appointment the drug TazalokТМ for patients with ovarian cysts. Phytoselective therapy with TazalokТМ was effective in most patients (83,3%) with ovarian follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts.

MR Imaging Findings of Ectopic Pregnancy: A Pictorial Review

Because of its lack of ionizing radiation and excellent soft-tissue contrast, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is being increasingly used in the evaluation of acute abdominal pain in the pregnant patient. Roughly 2% of all pregnancies are ectopic. Although ectopic pregnancy is usually diagnosed on the basis of a combination of clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic findings, it occasionally is initially identified at MR imaging. Thus, it is imperative that the radiologist should be familiar with the variable appearance of ectopic pregnancy at MR imaging and should evaluate for ectopic pregnancy at any time when (a) a patient has positive results of a pregnancy test and (b) an intrauterine pregnancy is not definitively seen. Because of potential issues of fetal safety, a conservative approach should be used for MR imaging in pregnancy. An MR imaging protocol for the evaluation of possible appendicitis in pregnant women is detailed. Specific findings that can aid in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy are the lack of an intrauterine pregnancy, isolated hemoperitoneum, tubal masses, hematosalpinx, and interstitial masses. In the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain in pregnancy, consideration should be given to the more unusual forms of ectopic pregnancy, such as angular pregnancy, cornual pregnancy, and abdominal pregnancy. Potential mimics of ectopic pregnancy include placental abnormalities, ovarian neoplasms, and corpus luteum cysts.

Heterotopic pregnancy following intrauterine insemination: Successful management with salpingectomy and continuation of intrauterine pregnancy

We report the first case of a heterotopic pregnancy (HP) following ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination (IUI) with resultant normal intrauterine pregnancy after salpingectomy. A 41-year-old para 0 +0 that presented with primary infertility due to azoospermia and polycystic ovaries after laparoscopic evaluation. She had induction of ovulation with Clomiphene citrate, gonadotropin stimulation (hCG), and intrauterine insemination using donor sperm. The resulting pregnancy was later diagnosed as heterotopic pregnancy following rupture of the tubal component at 8 weeks' gestation after an initial misdiagnosis as corpus luteum cyst of pregnancy. She had an emergency laparotomy and left salpingectomy, and the intrauterine pregnancy has continued subsequently to 25 weeks of gestation as at 01/04/2011.This report demonstrates that HP may occur after ovulation induction and IUI. The ectopic component could be misdiagnosed as corpus luteum cyst. It is recommended that pregnancies following this procedure be followed up with serial trans-vaginal ultrasound in the first trimester. Presence of corpus luteum cyst of pregnancy in early ultrasound should be an index of suspicious of a possible heterotopic pregnancy. Early diagnosis and prompt intervention is essential to salvage the intrauterine pregnancy and avoid maternal morbidity and mortality.

Biomedical Importance of Diet in Ovarian Cysts Occurrence in North-Western Iran

The aim of this study was to determine the role played by diet in ovarian cysts development among women living in the different parts of Hamedan - northwestern Iran. Participants included 384 females with ovarian cysts were admitted to hospitals or medical centers during 2001-2006. Study participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to elicit a lifetime history of a variety of demographic, medical, and lifestyle factors. Standard diet questionnaire was also used to evaluate the usual diet in cases during 5 years before ovarian cyst diagnosis. Data were analyzed using Chi- Square or T-test. Our findings showed that majority of patients were at age between 22 and 36 (63.4%) and mean ages were 31.94, 31.34 and 32.5 years old for follicular, corpus luteum and dermoidal cysts, respectively. There was significantly lower consumption of meat and cereal food groups in patients than standard recommended orders (P<0.05). Our findings indicate that occurrence of ovarian cysts was prominent in reproductive age range, and lower consumption of meat and cereal food groups had considerable role in ovarian cysts development in north-western Iran.