Corpus Approach Research Articles

Representing Kingdom’s Makeover after Vision 2030: A Corpus-Driven Analysis of American Media Discourse

Saudi Vision 2030 is a scheme; the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has formulated to realize its mainstream economic, social, and administrative goals. Accordingly, the Kingdom strategizes to implement this transformative Vision. The current research aims to analyze how American media has reported several events, actions, and policies in line with Saudi Vision 2030. Thus, the question posed is how an image of the transformative Saudi Kingdom has been presented by American media discourse, in line with Vision 2030. The study is substantial for the Kingdom to ascertain how the world has responded to its Vision. Moreover, in a world with media as a dominant directing agency, it is imperious for the Kingdom to keep an eye on its image in the global community. The research is primarily a quantitative study based on the corpus approach to study the designated media discourse. A specialized corpus of 150,000 words is compiled and analyzed through a variety of corpus tools. The results reveal that American newspapers have given limited representation of the Vision and related activities. Their media usually highlights the pre-existing features of the Kingdom. On the other hand, there are very occasional references to some new aspects like the transformation of the economy, promotion of tourism, revision of the society, etc., which are being implemented in the Kingdom. The study suggests that the Kingdom needs to brief the Western world for an enriched campaign of its contemporary image.

The Words “Suspect” and “Patient”: A Corpus-Based Analysis of Semantic Prosody in COVID-19 Corpora

At present, we often encounter the use of the words 'suspect' and 'patient' in various discussions of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this case, the writer is eager to identify the frequency of using the words 'suspect' and 'patient' in the COVID-19 corpus and to explain the significant collocates based on the frequency score whether they are in a positive or negative sense. The two words are selected because they are identical synonyms which frequently used during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study applied the qualitative method with the COVID-19 data instrument through a sketch engine and used a corpus approach. The analysis results are how the word tokens from the synonym 'suspect' and 'patient' are described in the context of COVID-19 data. The word 'suspect' in the COVID-19 corpus shows collocation with the results of 14,505 (51.66 per million) and the word 'patient' with the number 518,618 (1,847.18 per million). The word 'patient' is more widely used in scientific research on the topic of COVID-19 than the word 'suspect'. Based on the semantic prosody, the words that follow the word 'suspect' are collocating negative tendencies. Conversely, words that follow the word 'patient' have collocates with a positive tendency

Health and illness as drivers of risk language in the news media – a case study of The Times

Since the 1980s, a growing body of scholarship suggests that societal concerns and management of risk have become a central feature of modernising societies. Most prominently Ulrich Beck has asserted that modern societies were increasingly confronted with the side-effects of social progress challenging the modern machinery, such as science and insurance, to manage risk. Since this early focus on technological advancement and environmental degeneration, there have been little systematic empirical analyses of the forces that drove the proliferation of risk in the public sphere. Following suggestions by Luhmann, among others, that the risk semantic is central to modernisation and Skolbekken’s description that since 1945 medical journals have experienced a ‘risk epidemic’, this article examines the developments and events responsible for the social proliferation of health risk. In particular, I utilise The Times corpus (1790–2009) provided by the Corpus Approaches to Social Sciences research centre at Lancaster University, and the corpus linguistics tool CQPweb, for a detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis of language in its social contexts. I argue that the occurrence and increasingly widespread use of the ‘at risk’-expression indicate a transformation of public consciousness related to a growing social prominence of health and well-being, the normalisation of rational management of health, and the definition of social reality by its ‘at risk’-status.

A Corpus Based Analysis on Elementary Music Education Research over the Past 20 Years

본 연구는 지난 20년간 초등음악 관련 연구의 흐름을 파악하고자 국내에서 발표된 학위논문과 학술지 논문 총 1,860편의 논문명 을 코퍼스 분석 프로그램인 WordSmith Tools를 통해 빈도 분석하였다. 분석결과, 지난 20년간 ‘초등음악’ 관련 연구는 2007년까지 꾸준한 성장을 이루다가 이후 감소하고 있는 추세인 것으로 나타났다. 연구 대상으로는 ‘학생’, ‘교과서’, ‘교육과정’ 순으로 빈도수가 높았으며, ‘교사’의 빈도수는 이보다 낮았다. 연구 방법으로는 문헌연구와 프로그램(지도안) 개발이 주를 이루었으며, 실태조사도 일정부분 진행되었다. 연구 영역에서는 교수·학습방법, 평가, 음악활동, 학습내용, 교육환경 등에 관련된 다양한 주제의 연구가 진행되었으나, 음악활동에서는 ‘감상’에, 학습내용에서는 ‘국악’에 다소 편중된 현상이 나타났다. 초등음악교육이 앞으로 더욱 발전하기 위해서는 이러한 점에 대한 보완이 필요함을 제언하는 바이다.The purpose of this study was to analyze the research trend on elementary music over the past 20 years, using corpus approach. The titles of thesis and academic journals published in Korea were analyzed through WordSmith Tools. As a result of the analysis, research on elementary music over the past 20 years had been steadily grown until 2007 and has been decreasing since then. As for the research subjects, student , textbooks , and curriculum were in high frequency, whereas teacher was lower than the other three. As for the research method, textbook and curriculum analysis and program development were mainly carried out, and survey research were also conducted for some extent. As for the research area, various topics were conducted relating to teaching and learning methods, evaluation, music activities, learning contents, and educational environment. However, among those music appreciation and Korean traditional music were overly focused. It is suggested that in order for elementary music education to develop further in the future, it is necessary to supplement this phenomenon.

Corpus approaches to telecinematic language

Corpus approaches to telecinematic language

LINGUISTIC CORPORA TECHNOLOGY AS A DIDACTIC TOOL IN TRAINING FUTURE TRANSLATORS

The anthropocosmic vector of modern Pedagogy and Linguistics requires development of such tools for future translators that enable as quick as possible processing of huge amounts of information with production of automatically determined frequencies, on the one hand. On the other hand, it demands minimization of the subjective influence of an individual researcher on the received results, giving a chance for detecting and analysing linguistic phenomena unnoticed earlier. Linguistic corpora are a state-of-the-art technology that can solve the outlined problem perfectly, for it opens a broad variety of practical and theoretical research options, and at the same time it is a didactic tool fulfilling purely didactic, cognitive, informative, formative, and testing / checking functions. Therefore, the use of linguistic corpora technology can be considered from two perspectives – learning to use corpora to translate and learning to translate using corpora. Corpora technology employment can enhance both objectivity and reliability of the results researchers obtain when processing language data, too. The application of corpus approach by translators-to-be gives an opportunity to study any language units in different speech genres in different types of discourse, as well as in various contexts in the corpus, without being hindered by the specificity of the studied linguistic unit. Translation students can search for discrete lexical / grammatical units, based on concordances, showing their functioning in different styles and areas of use. Moreover, parallel corpora provide ready solutions for the choice of translation models in certain conditions. The purpose of this article, stipulated by the relevance of the set problem, as well as the lack of ready parallel corpora in Ukraine, covers development of special methodological procedures and exercises for future translators aimed at their mastering of corpus technology as a didactic tool. The paper also describes several technological solutions (Multiconcord, BNC, parallel corpus), which provide the possibilities of such a corpus approach in practice for teaching-learning translators-to-be. In conclusions it is stressed that mastering such linguistic corpora technology at the university is very important for future translators, with a corpus being a useful and convenient didactic tool in their professional area. The prospects for further research can be seen in the development of a set of exercises consolidating future translators’ abilities to successfully process different corpora data.

Segmental factors in variations of Korean vowel harmony: A corpus approach

Segmental factors in variations of Korean vowel harmony: A corpus approach

A Corpus Approach to Roman Law Based on Justinian’s Digest

Traditional philological methods in Roman legal scholarship such as close reading and strict juristic reasoning have analysed law in extraordinary detail. Such methods, however, have paid less attention to the empirical characteristics of legal texts and occasionally projected an abstract framework onto the sources. The paper presents a series of computer-assisted methods to open new frontiers of inquiry. Using a Python coding environment, we have built a relational database of the Latin text of the Digest, a historical sourcebook of Roman law compiled under the order of Emperor Justinian in 533 CE. Subsequently, we investigated the structure of Roman law by automatically clustering the sections of the Digest according to their linguistic profile. Finally, we explored the characteristics of Roman legal language according to the principles and methods of computational distributional semantics. Our research has discovered an empirical structure of Roman law which arises from the sources themselves and complements the dominant scholarly assumption that Roman law rests on abstract structures. By building and comparing Latin word embeddings models, we were also able to detect a semantic split in words with general and legal sense. These investigations point to a practical focus in Roman law which is consistent with the view that ancient law schools were more interested in training lawyers for practice rather than in philosophical neatness.

ANALYSIS OF SEMANTIC PROSODY IN THE COLLOCATION WORDS OF "SOCIAL DISTANCING" AND "PHYSICAL DISTANCING"

Abstract
 This study discusses the collocation of the words 'social distancing' and 'physical distancing'. Both of these phrases are new words that emerge during the current condition of COVID-19, which has a general definition of interference to prevent transmission of COVID-19 to become more widespread. 'Social distancing' and 'physical distancing', based on the frequency of the use of these two words, were identified as the significant collocates in reference to the frequency of word tokens. This study proves the collocation of negative and positive meanings of the words 'social distancing' and 'physical distancing'. This study uses qualitative methods with data sources using Corpora COVID-19 on the sketch engine, through the corpus approach. To find the collocation of the two phrases, a lot of COVID-19 journals were searched. The results of the analysis are the word tokens from the collocation of words that follow the phrase 'social distancing' as many as 2,678 (9.54 per million) words. Meanwhile, the collocation of the phrase 'physical distancing' shows results of 51 (0.18 per million) words. This shows that usage in COVID-19 data journals in the sketch engine is more in the phrase 'social distancing' than 'physical distancing'. Based on the semantic prosody collocation, words that follow ‘social distancing’ tend to be collocated (positive and negative), then this results in neutral. Meanwhile, words that follow ‘physical distancing’ have a positive tendency.
 Keywords: collocation, physical distancing, semantic prosody, social distancing. 

De amor e velhice

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as paixões de afeto entre casais idosos em consonância com formas de vida específicas que se contrapõem a imagens e imaginário da manifestação figurativa e visual da velhice. Para tanto, tomamos como empírico que articula nosso raciocínio o projeto de Ari Seth Cohen intitulado Advanced Love (2018), que retrata e entrevista casais representativos de diversos gostos estéticos, reproduzindo na vestimenta, na corporalidade e nas suas falas uma partilha sensível da vida em comum encarnada em várias materialidades. O conjunto fotografado coloca de início o pressuposto de um debate que divide os sujeitos pela tríade do excesso, meio termo e falta. Historicamente, o meio termo aparece como a marca do equilíbrio, do bom senso e do bom gosto (ou bom tom), como já enunciava Aristóteles na Ética a Nicômaco, reportando-se a vários segmentos da vida. No empírico examinado, rompe-se com essa visão unificada de um "bom gosto" ou "bom senso" que deveria ser partilhado pelas pessoas idosas. O projeto de Cohen obriga, ao contrário, a repensá-los em termos que suplantam as adequações sociais do amor e dos modos de se darem a ver e aponta para um encontro modulado e de coexistência. O raciocínio teórico-analítico de abordagem do corpus articula-se com postulados da semiótica discursiva em alguns de seus desdobramentos: análise figurativa e plástica da imagem, estudos das práticas interacionais e das formas de vida em suas diversas instâncias de integração, de signos, estratégias, práticas e experiências vividas.

Book review: Marcus Callies and Magnus Levin (eds), Corpus Approaches to the Language of Sports: Texts, Media, Modalities

Book review: Marcus Callies and Magnus Levin (eds), <i>Corpus Approaches to the Language of Sports: Texts, Media, Modalities</i>

Corpus approach towards narrative analysis of tense and aspect

A pesquisa aqui apresentada centra-se em como os parâmetros de tempo e aspecto são úteis para a análise da narrativa. Esse estudo pressupõe narrativas como textos com uma elaboração e progressão temporal que demanda as capacidades cognitivas de fore- e backgrounding. Essa perspectiva cognitiva dialoga com a posição laboviana para a análise da narrativa no sentido em que a oposição de Figura e Fundo podem ser marcadas por verbos. Para entender como tempo e aspecto verbais são organizados em narrativas de fala espontânea de português brasileiro, os monólogos do minicorpus C-ORAL-BRASIL I (RASO; MELLO, 2012) foram anotados quanto a suas categorias verbais e categorias labovianas (orientação, complicação e avaliação). Os resultados apontam para uma tendência em marcar majoritariamente a complicação com o pretérito perfeito do indicativo, enquanto a avaliação e orientação serão marcadas pelo presente do indicativo e pelo imperfectivo. O aspecto lexical mostrou uma assimetria entre télicos e não télicos, e uma maior proporção de verbos de accomplishment e achievement em estruturas de complicação.

VICTIM OF PERSECUTION: TO LINGUISTIC RECONSTRUCTION OF CONCEPT

The purpose of the article is to conduct a linguistic reconstruction of the concept VICTIM OF PERSECUTION of the cognitive terminological structure REFUGEE, which is verbalized by the term victim of persecution and functions in legal discourse. The object of the research is the concept VICTIM OF PERSECUTION, the subject is a linguistic reconstruction of this concept. Methodology includes the elements of linguistic reconstruction, analysis of definitions, component analysis, etymological analysis, as well as a corpus approach. The finding of the research is a contribution to the development of new approaches to the interpretation of branch terms through the use of linguistic reconstruction of concepts and cognitive terminological structures. The practical value of this study is in the improvement of lexicography and the further development of legal linguistics as a science of the language of laws. The conclusions. The proposed attempt of linguistic reconstruction of the concept VICTIMS OF PERSECUTION of the cognitive terminological structure REFUGEE, which is verbalized by the term victim of persecution and functions in legal discourse, demonstrated that the cognitive terminological structure victim of persecution to denote an actual acute social phenomenon, presented in modern Ukrainian as a combination of professional / scientific and everyday ideas about a person who suffers from other people and / or adverse circumstances, can be defined as «a person who is abused and who is suffered from harassment and oppression». The ability to formulate terminological meanings based on the analysis of dictionary definitions, taking into account symbolic meanings concentrated around each unit and the whole text in which this lexeme operates, as well as analyzing the contextual surrounding by involving the corpus approach, confirmed the need for linguistic reconstruction of concepts and cognitive terminological structures for interpretation terms within special discourses.

Corpus Approaches to the Language of Sports: Texts, Media, Modalities

Corpus Approaches to the Language of Sports: Texts, Media, Modalities

Construction of Huawei’s Image in News Reports: Take China Daily and The New York Times for Example

In recent years, as China&amp;rsquo;s largest smartphone company, Huawei&amp;rsquo;s position in the international market has gradually increased and received widespread attention from foreign media. The rapid development of China&amp;rsquo;s impact on the hegemony of the US has also changed the direction of US media&amp;rsquo;s reporting on Chinese companies. At this stage, it is meaningful to study the image of Huawei in both Chinese and US media reports. Therefore, based on the corpus approach and critical discourse analysis, this paper builds two corpora of China Daily (576 reports with 438,261 words) and The New York Times (429 reports with 347,025 words). It is found that (1) both sides acknowledge that Huawei ranks top in world telecommunication technology, particularly in the 5G network; (2) two newspapers focus on different aspects in their reports. For the Chinese media, Huawei&amp;rsquo;s technological prowess, innovation capacity in the global market, cooperation with many other European and African countries are given more attention, while for the American media, more focus is shifted to Huawei&amp;rsquo;s threat to national security; (3) two newspapers hold different attitudes towards the rise of Huawei. China Daily&amp;rsquo;s positive construction of Huawei&amp;rsquo;s image is obvious. While for the American media, the Trump administration is more likely to project a threatening image of Huawei; (4) the reporting frameworks and the styles of materials selected differ in two newspapers. China Daily&amp;rsquo;s framework concentrates on &amp;ldquo;Huawei&amp;rdquo; itself, while The New York Times tends to construct a reporting framework from multiple perspectives from the third-party.

A team leader's gaze before and after making requests in emergency care simulation: a case study with eye-tracking glasses.

The advanced technology of eye-tracking enables us to analyse healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) gaze behaviours. Gaze analysis has great potential to capture HCPs’ non-technical skills, especially situational awareness (SA).1 The SA framework has three levels. Level 1 involves perceiving an event, level 2 understanding what is being perceived importantly and level 3 being able to make predictions. How to analyse HCPs’ utterances and gaze in an integrative manner may provide insights into higher-order cognitive skills such as level 3 SA. This study aims to establish a method to describe HCPs’ gaze and utterances in emergency care interactions, focusing on a leader’s gaze at team members’ faces and bodies when making requests. One simulated training session (about 16 min) was analysed, applying a multimodal corpus approach. The recording took place in the resuscitation area at Yokohama City University Medical Center. The team comprised a senior consultant as a team leader (Leader) with an eye-tracker, Tobii Pro Glasses 2, another two doctors (a senior doctor (SD) and a junior doctor (JD)), a foundation doctor and two nurses, and a simulated patient (male, …

Toward multimodal corpus pragmatics: Rationale, case, and agenda

AbstractHuman interaction is multimodal in nature, and meaning in discourse is created through an interplay of an array of modalities. Inspired by the integration of multimodality and corpus pragmatics, we are concerned with a general multimodal framework that facilitates the exploration on pragmatic questions by using corpus methods. By demonstrating how the study on speech acts in situated discourse is benefited from the multimodal corpus approach, we claim that the scope and methods of pragmatic studies will be enriched and the classic pragmatic theories could be further developed toward multimodal corpus pragmatics. This article, therefore, hopes to inspire further theoretical discussion and case study in this domain.

КОНКОРДАНС ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ДЛЯ ВИВЧЕННЯ КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНОЇ СТРУКТУРИ ПОЛІТИЧНИХ ТЕКСТІВ

The article highlights the main directions of application of corpus approach in modern linguistics (scientific and theoretical research, lexicography, linguodidactics). The article presents the possibilities of concordance technologies as a tool for studying the conceptual structure of a political text. Concordance is considered as a way of elaborating an array of corpora of texts of Ukrainian political discourse in 2014-2020. The aim of the article is to reveal the method of using the technology of stacking political texts corpora and concordances to build a nominative field of certain concepts. The study was based on corpora of political texts, which cover the issues of language, language policy, language law and the status of the Ukrainian language as the state language in Ukraine (printed publications: «Hazeta po-ukrainsky», «Holos Ukrainy», «Dzerkalo tyzhnia», «Tyzhden», «Ukrainskyi tyzhden»; electronic publications: www. bagnet.org («Bagnet»); www.censor.net.ua; www.comments.ua (Information and analytical portal «Komentari»); expres.ua («Ekspres-online»); www.focus.ua («Focus»); www.gazeta.ua; www.dt.ua («Dzerkalo tyzhnia»); www.slovoidilo.com («Slovo i dilo»); www.svoboda.org.ua; www.tsn.ua («Televiziina sluzhba novyn»); www.tyzhden.ua («Tyzhden») and others. The object of analysis was the concept LANGUAGE in the Ukrainian political discourse of 2014-2020. The subject of analysis is the specifics of explicit verbalization of the concept LANGUAGE. Concordances allow to analyze different contexts, to deduce the value of a keyword semantics on their basis, to model a nominative field (direct / indirect nomination) of the studied concept of LANGUAGE. The main task of the concordance is to display all cases of use of the word registered in the texts. Unlike the dictionary, which puts the dictionary article in the main place, the concordance gives examples - the right and left contexts of the word. Concordances are used to solve the following linguistic problems: - comparison of different possibilities of using the same word, - analysis of keywords, - analysis of frequency of words and phrases, - search and research of phrases and idioms, - search of translation, for example, terminology, - creation of lists words (used when publishing).

Diachronic investigation of learner language

Corpus linguistics studies have by now become a staple of linguists and teachers worldwide. Even practitioners who are not directly involved with corpus development or analysis are increasingly aware of this domain and its results. Thus, we can say that the time has come to investigate the long-term effects of the findings connected to corpus linguistics. This paper focuses on a specific sort of corpus: the learner corpus. It argues that what used to be a more traditional approach represented in the EFL (English as a foreign language) discipline has evolved into a perhaps more appropriate one represented in ELF (English as a lingua franca) partly because of the work of learner corpus research. To demonstrate any existing long-term effects of work with learner corpora on language education, an L2 corpus, the JPU Corpus, is presented. Five of the ten hypotheses originally set up in the early 2000s are revisited and critiqued by applying both quantitative and qualitative investigations. The results indicate that a diachronic learner corpus approach further establishes the shift from EFL to ELF approaches, a potentially useful and relevant change for students and their teachers across the world, especially within the framework of writing pedagogy.

RELEVANCE OF CORPUS APPROACHES TO RESEARCHING THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE

RELEVANCE OF CORPUS APPROACHES TO RESEARCHING THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE