Corn Farmers Research Articles

Pemanfaatan Rambut Jagung (Zea mays L.) Menjadi Teh Herbal “KoNsilk” kepada Kader Puskesmas Perumnas 2 Kota Pontianak

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic is felt by the people of Pontianak, in the economic, sociocultural, and health fields. One of the prime commodities in Pontianak is corn farming. The aim of the PKM Program is to innovate corn-based processed products. This PKM activity began with outreach to the heads and employees of the Puskesmas, as well as identifying health cadres as potential participants in training related to using corn silk as herbal tea drinks. Training on using corn silk as herbal tea drinks for cadres was carried out offline and interactively using leaflets, videos, and hands-on practice. Evaluation and monitoring activities are carried out using a Google form (pre-test and post-test). The results of the PKM activity showed success in understanding the cadres with good knowledge when the pre-test was carried out by only ten people (30.30%). After being given knowledge training, respondents in the good category amounted to 30 people (90.90%). PKM activities targeting UPT Puskesmas Perum II cadres increased the ability of cadres to utilize corn silk waste in herbal tea. The next activity is expected to be able to assist so that the resulting product obtains a permit.

Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Jagung Di Desa Pinaesaan Kecamatan Tompasobaru Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan

This study aims to analyze the costs used in corn farming and to describe the income received by corn farmers in Pinaesaan Village, Tompasobaru District, South Minahasa Regency. This research was carried out in October 2021. The method used in data collection was the observation method which was carried out during the research until the final report by observing the production process to marketing. The data used are primary data obtained through questionnaires and direct interviews with farmers, then secondary data is obtained from the local Village Government Office. The research variables analyzed were costs, production, revenues, and income. The results showed that the average total cost incurred by corn farmers was IDR5.055.471/Ha and with revenues of IDR8.427.672/Ha so that they could produce an average income of IDR3.371.949/Ha.

Peran Tenaga Kerja Perempuan Dalam Kegiatan Usahatani Jagung Di Desa Mopolo Kecamatan Ranoyapo Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan

The aim of this study is to know the role of women farmers in corn farming in Mopolo Village, Ranoyapo District, South Minahasa Regency. The study was conducted for 3 months from April 2022 to May 2022. Sampling used purposive sampling. This study uses primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through direct interviews with female farmers who work in corn farming and are married. Interviews using a list of questions that have been prepared in the form of a questionnaire. Secondary data was obtained from the Mopolo Village office and other related references. The results of this study showed that the role of female workers that seen from women's working time in corn farming activities in Mopolo Village namely 106 hours for tillage activities, 44 hours for planting activities, 15 hours for weeding activities, 4 hours for pest and disease control, 32 hours for fertilizing activities and 89 hours for harvesting activies. The results of this study also indicate that female workers have less role in decision-making about planting activities, weeding activities, pest and disease control, fertilization activities, however those activities are dominated by men.

Analisis Risiko Usaha Tani Jagung Di Desa Lompad Baru Kecamatan Ranoyapo Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan

This study aims to determine the income of corn farming farmers, the risks faced by corn farming farmers, and how much risk is faced by farmers. The research was conducted in Lompad Baru Village, Ranoyapo District, South Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted from April to August 2022. The selection of respondents was intentional. Primary data is data obtained directly from the field through interviews using a questionnaire to each corn farming farmer. Secondary data, namely data obtained through related agencies such as the field agricultural extension office in Ranoyapo District and the Lompad Baru Village office. The results showed that the total income earned by all corn farming farmers was IDR14,200,000 with an average income earned by corn farming farmers amounting to IDR1,420,000. The risks of corn farming in the study area are production risks originating from disturbances of plant-disturbing organisms (pests, diseases and weeds), erratic weather/climate (long dry spells) and minimal availability of subsidized seeds; price/market risk stems from high corn fertilizer prices and high pesticide prices; institutional risk; human risk; financial risk. The level of income risk faced by corn farming farmers is low with a coefficient of variation (KV) of 0.56.

Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Jagung Pipil Di Desa Tombolikat Kecamatan Tutuyan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur

So this study aims to calculate the Income of Pipil Corn Farming in Buttonikat Village, Tutuyan District, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. This research was conducted during December 2021 and January 2022. The data used in this research are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through direct interviews with 10 respondents using a questionnaire. And secondary data obtained through books, journals, and literature related to this research topic. The results of this study indicate that the average income received by corn farmers in the village of Tombolikat, District of Tutuyan, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency with Corn Farming, is Rp. 4,999,997. and the income per hectare is Rp. 3,571,426.

Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Usahatani Jagung Di Kecamatan Pantai Cermin Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai

Based on the results of the data analysis conducted, it was found that the variable land area has a significant effect on the income of corn farmers because the wider the land owned will increase the income of farmers because the more land planted is also encouraged by other factors such as plant care. The variable cost of fertilizer has no significant effect on the income of corn farming because the use of fertilizer must be in accordance with the recommended dosage. If it exceeds it can cause plant death and continuous application of fertilizers can have a bad effect on soil conditions. Soil becomes quickly hardened, less able to store water. The cost of pesticides has no significant effect on the income of corn farming because the excessive use of pesticides is not friendly to the environment and the health of farmers, because nutrients in the soil are eroded in the long term and productivity decreases. Seed costs do not have a significant effect on corn farming income. That is, the more seeds used, the greater the production yields, but there is still a maximum limit for this use, if it is used beyond this limit it will reduce production yields. The variable amount of labor does not have a significant effect on the income of farmers because the more labor used will reduce income to provide wages, the labor used in this case is daily workers and only at harvest time. The output price variable does not have a significant effect on farmer income where the increase or a decrease in the total output price will result in an increase and decrease in corn income in the Waterfall Village, Pantai Cermin District.

ADOPSI GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE (GAP) JAGUNG HIBRIDA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS JAGUNG OLEH PETANI

One of the reasons for the low productivity of corn is the low adoption of technology in corn cultivation. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the innovation components of GAP in hybrid corn cultivation, (2) identify the diversity of adoption of technology components in GAP of corn carried out by farmers, and (3) identify the characteristics of farmers that correlate with the adoption of GAP in hybrid corn. The method used in this study is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods (mixed method), with a sequential exploratory model design. This research was conducted in Pilolaheya Village, Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province, with 60 corn farmers as respondents. The results showed that there were ten components in GAP corn cultivation that could increase maize productivity by farmers in Pilolaheya Village. Among these components, harvesting on time, drying immediately after harvest, and pests and diseases control in corn plants are the components with the highest adoption rate, and the components of planting one seed per one hole, using organic fertilizer, and piling up corn roots are components with the lowest adoption rate. The characteristic that correlates with farmer adoption is the level of education, where farmers who attained a higher level of education tend to adopt the innovation component in the GAP of corn cultivation.

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHATANI JAGUNG DI DESA TORAGET KECAMATAN LANGOWAN UTARA KABUPATEN MINAHASA (Corn Business Development Strategy in Toraget Village, North Langowan Sub District, Minahasa Regency)

The objective of this research is to examine the corn farming development strategy in Toraget Village, Langowan Utara Sub District, Minahasa Regency. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The sampling technique in this study was by purposive sampling technique. The number of samples of farmers is 10 respondents, and stakeholders in the village of Toraget are 3 people consisting of the Toraget village government and also supervisors as development strategy experts. This study used questionnaires and interviews as well as FGDs to see how the corn farming business in Toraget Village was developed. The data analysis method used is SWOT analysis.
 The results of the analysis on the SWOT matrix obtained the coordinates (0.97 : 1.46) which show that these coordinates are in quadrant 1, which supports an aggressive strategy. That of all the strengths of the availability of dry land that is still wide has a weight value of 0.15 and a rating of 4, experience in corn farming has a weight value of 0.15 and a rating of 4, the existence of institutions (farmer groups and Gapoktan) has a weight of 0.12 and a rating of 3 .3, the availability of agricultural production inputs has a weight of 0.14 and a rating of 3.8. So that from all the existing strengths the corn farming development strategy in Toraget Village has the strength to be developed.

THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE PRODUCTION AND INCOME OF HYBRID CORN (Zea mays L) FARMER IN WATANG KASSA VILLAGE, BATULAPPA DISTRICT, PINRANG REGENCY

Pinrang Regency is one of the centers for the development of Hybrid Corn (Zea mays L) which is spread in several sub-districts, including Batulappa District, as BPS listed the largest shelled corn producing area in Pinrang Regency. Corn production in 2016-2018 continued to increase successively, were in 2018 it was able to produce shelled corn of 56,185 tons. The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on several sectors, one of which is the agricultural sector. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the production and income of hybrid corn farmers in Watang Kassa Village, Batulappa District, Pinrang Regency. The area was chosen because it is the largest corn producing area and the majority of the surrounding population depend on corn farming. The data collected in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through interviews with respondents using questionnaires, while secondary data is obtained indirectly or through intermediary media, data that has been available in various forms by relevant government agencies. Total sample in this study were 42 corn farmers. Researchers used descriptive quantitative methods through interviews with farmers and filling out questionnaires as a support to obtain data. Corn farming was analyzed using income analysis and further with hypothesis testing, namely the Paired Sample T-Test average difference test. The results showed that there was a real or significant difference in corn production and there was an average decrease in corn production by 537/kg while the average income of corn farmers increased by IDR 1,097,000.

Eksistensi Tengkulak dalam Menunjang Perekonomian Petani Jagung di Desa Juriya, Kecamatan Bilato, Kabupaten Gorontalo

The problems faced by corn farmers in Juriya Village are the same as those of farmers in general, namely problems with capital, marketing, inadequate facilities and unstable market prices, so that farmers really need help from middlemen who provide all the needs of farmers. This research is to find out how the existence of middlemen in supporting the economy of corn farmers in Juriya Village, Bilato District, Gorontalo Regency. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques in this study using observation techniques, interviews and documentation. The results showed that: First, the existence of middlemen in Juiya Village, Bilato District, Gorontalo Regency is very helpful to the farmer’s economy such as needs, both in terms of primary needs and secondary needs so that the farmers always depend on middlemen or bosses for their lives. Second, the factors that cause farmers to depend on middlemen in Juriya Village include lack of capital, fulfillment of needs, cooperation, trust, and inadequate facilities. Third, both middlemen and corn farmers have their own ways of maintaining their working relationship. Fourth, the effects of a farmer’s dependence on middlemen include a rise in dependency, exploitation of corn prices by middlemen, and inequality.

Corn Pests and Evaluation of the Implementation of Integrated Pest Management in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the maize-producing countries in the world. However, Indonesia's production is below the world average. One of the problems that can reduce productivity is pests. In addition, although corn is grown globally in Indonesia, it is usually not grown under the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program. Therefore, this study aims to obtain pest information on maize and evaluate the application of IPM in West Sumatra. The study was conducted centra production of maize in West Sumatra from May 2019 to August 2020. The method used purposive random sampling. The results showed differences in the population density of pests on centra production of maize in West Sumatra. The highest percentage of pest attacks on cornfields was Pasaman Regency (41%), while the lowest pest attack was in Solok Regency (19%). The difference in population density of pests caused the influence of climate, varieties of maize, altitude, weather conditions at the time of pest observation, and the application of IPM. Several types of pests found were Beetles (Chrysomelidae), Aphids (Aphididae), Seed Flies (Muscidae), Grasshopper Oxya Chinensis (Acrididae), Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae), and Corn Planthoppers (Delphacidae). The most common pest found attacking maize in West Sumatra were S. frugiperda. Then the study results also showed that not all corn farmers in West Sumatra applied IPM in their corn cultivation. IPM is needed to manage corn pests, so there is no economic loss.

Integration of sheep and corn in rural agriculture in Indonesia

The aim of the study was to determine the integration of sheep and corn in rural agriculture in Indonesia. The research was conducted in Serang District, Banten Province in 2021. The research respondents were sheep farmers as well as corn farmers. The number of research respondents as many as 58 people. Methods of collecting data were desk study, survey, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Data were analyzed by quantitative descriptive and economical analysis. The results showed that the integration of sheep and corn was stated to be quite good, but it needed institutional support from farmers and the government to facilitate the development of integration of sheep and corn. The development of integration of sheep and corn is focused on meeting the needs of aqiqah and qurbani. Through this integration system, the farmer's profit is Rp. 3,415,000/sheep. The conclusion of the study is that the sheep and corn integration system is feasible for development.

FARMERS' RESPONSE TO THE USE OF HYBRID CORN SEEDS SUPERIOR VARIETIES

Superior varieties of corn seeds are an innovation in the agricultural sector that has advantages. The government's efforts, through the Maros Cereal Crops Research Institute, are accelerating the adoption of innovation by providing free superior varieties of hybrid corn seeds to farmers. In order for the program to be implemented well, farmers' responses need to be studied. The aim of the research is to describe farmers' responses to the use of superior varieties of corn seeds, calculate the increase in hybrid corn production after using superior varieties of corn seeds, and analyze the correlation between the responses of farmers using superior varieties of corn seeds and the level of hybrid corn productivity. The research was carried out in Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi Province, lasting for 8 months. The survey method involves conducting in-depth interviews with corn farmers. Determination of the sample using the simple random sampling method. Quantitative descriptive analysis, farming productivity and correlation analysis were used to analyze research data. The research results show that the NASA 29 hybrid corn seed is an innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture's Research and Development Agency, with a potential yield of 13.5 tons ha-1. It is the result of a cross between the hybrid line G10.26-12 as the female parent and MAL03 as the male parent. This hybrid corn parent was taken from the Maros Serealia Center. The superior seed varieties used by respondent farmers are NASA 29 seed varieties and Jh variety 29 seeds. Socio-economic characteristics of farmers, namely age 42 years, formal education completed high school, 17 years of farming experience, farmer income IDR 5,863,636, and an average the farmer's land area is 0.43 ha. The cognitive response score of 752, the affective response score of 541, and the psychomotor response score of 791 are in the good response category. Hybrid corn production before using superior variety seeds was 4,403 kg ha-1 and after using superior variety seeds was 7,751 kg/ha. Increase in corn production by

Adaptation capacity of corn farmer’s to climate change: a case study in Pringsewu District, Lampung Province

Climate change has become a global phenomenon and impacts the sustainability of farming. Farmers are required to have the knowledge and capacity to deal with climate change. This study aims to analyze the level of adaptation capacity of farmers to climate change and the factors that affect the level of adaptation capacity of farmers to climate change. The research was conducted on corn farming in Pringsewu Regency, Lampung, from April to May 2022. The respondents were 30 farmers, and the data were analyzed using a qualitative approach. The results showed that farmers’ knowledge level in the research location on climate change is still low. Only 40% of farmers know about predicting climate change, and 46.67% are aware of accessible sources related to climate change. Farmers’ knowledge of other aspects of climate change (Forms of climate change, adaptation, and impact of climate change) was 53.33%, 63.33%, and 66.67%, respectively. Of the eight adaptation indicators, two are classified as high: the use of improved varieties and adjustment of planting time. Two indicators are categorized as medium, namely soil cultivation, and organic fertilizers, and four indicators are classified in the low category.

Feasibility of corn farming in Jember District, East Java

The research is focused on assessing the feasibility of corn cultivation. This research was conducted through a survey using a simple random sampling method involving 47 farmers. The survey was conducted in October 2020, and primary and secondary data were collected. Primary data included details about the respondents, characteristics of corn farming, and input-output data was taken from the third Planting Season (July-September 2020). Secondary data was sourced from relevant agencies associated with the research. Descriptive analysis was used to assess the data on the respondents and farming characteristics, while financial analysis was applied to the input-output data to evaluate the viability of the farm and determine the breakeven point for production and price. The results showed: a) corn productivity at 7,200 t/ha grain yield, b) R/C ratio of 1.58, d) BEP price at IDR 3,130/kg, and BEP production at 4,453 kg/ha. As per the criteria of >1, the research concludes that corn farming is economically viable in this case.

Technical efficiency and corn farming productivity: A stochastic frontier analysis of small-scale farmer in Indonesia

Corn is one of the strategic agricultural commodities in Indonesia. West Java is one of the corn production centres in Indonesia and the province with the highest corn productivity nationally. The high productivity of corn farming in West Java is interesting for further study. This paper examines factors affect corn production and how far is the level of efficiency in the use of input in corn production of small-scale farmers in West Java. The study employed a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional survey. The Cobb–Douglas production function and trans-log function were used in estimating the productivity of input, while the technical efficiency was analyse using Stochastic Production Frontier. The results show that land and seed were the most influential factors on corn production. The estimation result from Stochastic Frontier Model showed that variable of land, seed, hired labour and family member, statistically significant impact on technical efficiency of corn production. Moreover, the estimated average technical efficiency of corn farming was approximately 72% with more than 70% of corn farmer had efficiency above 60%.

ORGANIC FARMING - THE KEY TO RIVER BASIN REVITALIZATION

The article identifies one of the main elements of the Dnipro River basin rehabilitation through the cessation of herbicides, pesticides and mineral fertilizers, prevention of corn, sunflower, rapeseed, soybeans monoculture and organic farming expansion, arable land conservation and natural fodder lands, forests and meadow-marsh complexes and natural systems expansion. It has been shown that the state regulatory policy and environmental management standards should facilitate agricultural enterprises that implement and conduct organic farming. The paper also identifies the main aspects and factors that characterize the economic environment, the economic benefits of using ecological organic rent (monopoly), a special business environment for the formation of prices for organic products and the introduction of environmental marketing. Studies of the conditions for environmentally sustainable management in agriculture have identified the main link - the need for organic farming with a significant potential for water accumulation and increasing the natural fertility of rehabilitated land. A particularly important aspect is the price component, which is based on the uniquely created monopoly rent of organic farming and the special demand and inelastic supply. The above should be taken into account in the system of strategic management, program development of environmental relations and rehabilitation (revitalization) of the lands of the Dnipro river basin. The system of forming a healthy environment in the Dnipro basin, on the lands of enterprises engaged in organic farming, should take into account the environment of activity, the interaction of many factors with regard to ecological and economic goals, restrictions and development programs. The article presents the developed structural and logical scheme of strategic development of organic farming on the lands of the Dnipro basin. The above, by contributing to the expansion of the spatial basis of organic farming in the formation of the State strategic basin management with the aim of improving the Dnipro basin, ensures sustainable development and revitalization of water resources.

ANALYSIS OF INPUT USAGE EFFICIENCY IN CORN PRODUCTION: A CASE STUDY FOR ALMATY REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN

The main objective of the study is to analyze the efficiency of resource use levels in corn production using the Data Envelopment Analysis method in Almaty region, Kazakhstan. In the course of the study, data were collected from 96 farmers growing corn in the Almaty region by proportional sampling using a face-to-face survey. According to the research results: the average of maize production area in the farms is 112.63 ha. It was determined that the average maize production amount was 961192.91 kg, and the maize yield per hectare was 8534.07 kg. The average corn price received by the farmers is 0,080 $/kg. Average maize production cost per hectare was calculated as 222,18 $. Average net profit per hectare from maize production has been determined as 462,64 $. It has been determined that the most important criterion for the farmers in selecting and using inputs is the input price. According to the efficiency analysis results, the average efficiency of 96 maize farmers was calculated as 0.74 under the assumption of constant return to scale and 0.95 under the assumption of variable return to scale. A data coverage method was used to analyze the efficiency of the use of inputs in corn production. In Data Envelopment Analysis, data were analyzed according to the CRS (Constant Return to Scale) and VRS (Variable Return to Scale) models, and estimates were made according to both models in the analysis. According to both model assumptions, efficiency results for the input were obtained. In an input-driven model approach, target results can be achieved with minimal use of input resources. It was determined that the most important criterion for farmers in the selection and use of inputs is the cost of inputs. According to the results of the efficiency analysis, the average efficiency of 96 corn farmers was calculated as 0.74 assuming constant returns to scale and 0.95 assuming variable returns to scale.

ANALYSIS OF FARMING BUSINESS AND STRATEGY FOR INCREASING CORN PRODUCTION (ZEA MAYS)

The research objectives were: (1) to find out how much corn farming income was in the research area, (2) to find out the efficiency level of farming income in the research area, (3) to find out strategies for increasing production in the research area. The sampling method uses saturated sampling method (census) with a sample of 30 farmers, the data used are primary and secondary data. Data were analyzed using I = TR-TC to calculate income, to calculate the level of efficiency a = R/C, and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the average income of corn farmers per hectare in Sena Village was Rp. 6,455,000. R/C value of 1.51 means corn farming is efficient and feasible to cultivate. From the results of the IE matrix, it can be found that the internal X point is 0.9 and the Y point is 0.

Momengi Dan Perannya Sebagai Kontributor Utama Pengembangan Ekonomi Dusun Tumba Desa Pongongaila

Momengi (corn farming) is the main occupation of the residents of Tumba Hamlet, Pongongaila Village, Pulubala District, Gorontalo Regency. Corn farming business can improve the economy of the community (farmers). In this study, researchers used a qualitative descriptive study by conducting explorative studies of the role of agricultural businesses in developing and improving the economy of the community (farmers). The results showed that agricultural business specifically requires human labor in one agricultural cycle so that this activity can open jobs for the community and improve the economy of Pongongaila Village. One agricultural cycle consists of: (1) the process of planting corn seeds (Molude), (2) the process of fertilization (2 times fertilization), (3) the process of spraying pests (2-3 times spraying), (4) the process of felling corn plants ( Totobu), (5) Stripping Process (Mongalipo), (6) The process of transportation from the highlands to the lowlands (Kijang), (7) The process of milling (molotori), (8) Transportation to the corn warehouse (last place).