Corg Content Research Articles

Effect of molasses on the chemical characteristics of seaweed-based organic fertiliser

Organic fertiliser is one of the essential factors needed in natural farming. Seaweed can be used as raw material for making organic fertilisers because it contains complete growth hormones, macro, and micronutrients for plant growth. The formulation of seaweed and silage for organic fertiliser has low levels of C-organic, so other materials are needed, for example, molasses. Addition of molasses in organic fertiliser formulations carried out to evaluate the optimum molasses concentration and study the chemical characterisation of organic fertilisers. The chemical characteristics measured were moisture content, ash content, potassium content, C-organic, N-total, and C/N ratio. The results showed that an increase in molasses concentration led to an increase in the moisture and C-organic content, and C/N ratio. The addition of 26% molasses (PTB2) was the best treatment, resulting in fertiliser with a moisture content of 6.37%, 30.01% ash content, 0.83% N-total, 0.04% potassium content, 37.58% C-organic, and 44.93 C/N ratio.

Field calibrations of a Diviner 2000 capacitive soil water content probe on a shallow groundwater site and the application in a weighable groundwater lysimeter

The determination of the volumetric soil water content θv by means of capacitive profile probes is often applied to investigate the soil water storage change ΔS that serves as basis for decisions in agricultural water management. The soil properties have a big effect on the accuracy of the θv measurements. The use of only one calibration function, often provided by the manufacturers of the probes, cannot fulfil the requirements of all site conditions. Therefore, many individual calibration functions have in the past been determined for different soils and sensors. A literature review of existing calibration functions of the capacitive profile probe Diviner 2000 shows the broad range of available functions. The review makes it clear that there is a lack of functions for organic soils. These soils are typical soils of wet sites with shallow groundwater tables. The soil moisture is of big importance for many ecological processes of these sites and therefore an exact determination of θv is important. A Diviner 2000 profile probe was calibrated on such a shallow groundwater site in a classic field calibration procedure and the determined functions were applied to the soil profile of a weighable groundwater lysimeter. The soil water storage change ΔS was estimated with the measured θv values and compared with the measured mass change Δm of the lysimeter. The mean error (bias) between ΔS with the field calibration function and Δm was 7.8 kg and the root mean squared error (RMSE) 19.9 kg. An iterative adaptation of the calibration functions to the measured Δm values of the lysimeter reduced the bias to 0.9 kg and the RMSE to 14.0 kg. The investigations illustrate the problems of a classic field calibration under the conditions of a shallow groundwater site with low θv changes in deeper soil horizons and soils with high Corg contents as well as the inaccuracy in the determination of ΔS based on θv measurements with capacitive profile probes.

KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT KIMIA TANAH DAN KANDUNGAN MERKURI PADA LAHAN BEKAS TAMBANG EMAS DAN LAHAN PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

The present study was conducted in Tebing Tinggi Village, Pulau Punjung Sub-district, Dharmasraya District was motivated by a desire to exploit land resources, especially open access land that was formerly a gold mine by cultivating oil palm plants. The objectives of this study were to determine the characteristics of soil chemical properties, the soil fertility level, and the level of mercury (Hg) contamination in former gold mining land by compared with the soil chemical fertility of oil palm plantations. The research method was a survey by purposive sampling. The Soil sampling for analysis of soil chemical properties was carried out by drilling of 0-40 cm deep with 12 sample points divided into 4 locations, where 3 locations in the former gold mine area that were grouped into three segments, namely segments 1, 2 and 3 and one location was in oil palm land. The parameters of soil chemical properties observed were pH, Al-dd, C-organic, C / N Ratio, N, P, K and Hg (Mercury). The results of this research, shows that the characteristics of soil chemical properties in the former gold mining area have decreased the level of soil fertility, characterized by the very low pH value and C-organic content, ​​so that the nutrients contained in the land are very limited when compared to the soil fertility in oil palm land. This is indicated by the fact that the oil palm land has a high C-organic content and a moderate level of N-total content. The utilization of the land resources of the former gold mine, it is necessary to do land improvementsin terms of soil physically, chemically and biologically.

Dynamics and fate of blue carbon in a mangrove\u2013seagrass seascape: influence of landscape configuration and land-use change

ContextSeagrass meadows act as efficient natural carbon sinks by sequestering atmospheric CO2 and through trapping of allochthonous organic material, thereby preserving organic carbon (Corg) in their sediments. Less understood is the influence of landscape configuration and transformation (land-use change) on carbon sequestration dynamics in coastal seascapes across the land–sea interface.ObjectivesWe explored the influence of landscape configuration and degradation of adjacent mangroves on the dynamics and fate of Corg in seagrass habitats.MethodsThrough predictive modelling, we assessed sedimentary Corg content, stocks and source composition in multiple seascapes (km-wide buffer zones) dominated by different seagrass communities in northwest Madagascar. The study area encompassed seagrass meadows adjacent to intact and deforested mangroves.ResultsThe sedimentary Corg content was influenced by a combination of landscape metrics and inherent habitat plant- and sediment-properties. We found a strong land-to-sea gradient, likely driven by hydrodynamic forces, generating distinct patterns in sedimentary Corg levels in seagrass seascapes. There was higher Corg content and a mangrove signal in seagrass surface sediments closer to the deforested mangrove area, possibly due to an escalated export of Corg from deforested mangrove soils. Seascapes comprising large continuous seagrass meadows had higher sedimentary Corg levels in comparison to more diverse and patchy seascapes.ConclusionOur results emphasize the benefit to consider the influence of seascape configuration and connectivity to accurately assess Corg content in coastal habitats. Understanding spatial patterns of variability and what is driving the observed patterns is useful for identifying carbon sink hotspots and develop management prioritizations.

Effect of Trichoderma Addition on Sargassum Organic Fertilizer

Trichoderma is a fungus that can function as decomposers, biological agents, and stimulators of plant growth, bio fungicides so that agricultural plants can avoid diseases caused by poisonous fungi. This fungus can live in media containing seaweed by breaking down the seaweed’s carbohydrate macromolecules into simple sugars. Sargassum seaweed is now starting to be used as raw material for organic fertilizers and Trichoderma can be added to a certain amount of organic fertilizer formulations to produce biological fertilizers. For this reason, this study aims to find the best time to obtain the highest density of Trichoderma in organic fertilizer Sargassum and its characteristics. The highest density of Trichoderma in Sargassum SLF which received additional silage was obtained on the 21st day namely 1.3×106 cfu/mL, whereas in Sargassum SLF without silage on the 7th day namely 46×106 cfu/mL. Based on the comparison of chemical parameters between Sargassum SLF without silage and commercial SLF, it was known that Sargassum SLF was better in terms of c-organic content, macronutrients (P and K), and minerals (Na, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, Al, Cd, and Mo).

Microbiological Indicators of Heavy Metals and Carbon-Containing Preparations Applied to Agrosoddy-Podzolic Soils Differing in Humus Content

The response of the microbial community (microbial biomass carbon (Cmic), basal respiration (BR), and functional diversity (FD)) of agrosoddy-podzolic soil (Albic Glossic Retisols (Loamic, Aric Cutanic, Ochric)) to pollution by heavy metals (HMs: Cu 660, Zn 1100, Pb 650 mg/kg) and carbon-containing preparations (5% of biochar and 0.25% of lignohumate) was studied in model experiment (30 days). Soils with different organic carbon contents (Corg 3.86 and 1.30%) were sampled at two sites (Chashnikovo, Moscow oblast). We determined Cmic by the substrate-induced respiration method and FD by multisubstrate testing (47 substrates). It was found that HMs application reduced Cmic on average by 49–57%, BR by 23–52%, and FD by 45%, but, on the contrary, increased the microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2 = BR/Cmic) by 9–46%. The changes of these properties were most significant in the soil with low Corg content (1.30%). Carbon-containing preparations did not contribute to variations in Cmic, BR, and qCO2 in both soils with HMs, but increased their FD. It is concluded that the studied microbiological parameters may be used as indicators for optimal assessment of soil quality: FD and Cmic are the more sensitive to HMs than BR and qCO2.

Status of soil organic carbon and its management recommendation for rice plants at four experiment stations of the Indonesian Centre for Rice Research

A survey, mapping, and compilation of recommendations for paddy field had been carried out in four Experimental Station of Indonesian Center for Rice Research in 2015-2016. The objective of detailed scale nutrient status mapping (<1:5,000) was to obtain information about the different variations in the diversity of organic matter status and its management. The results showed that C-organic content of paddy soils, of the 318,44 ha of paddy fields area at Sukamandi was low for 314.37 ha or 98.72% and moderate for 4.07 ha (1.28%). Pusakanagara experimental station, with 37.50 ha of paddy fields area, had low and moderate levels of soil C-organic contents on 8.68 ha (41.75%), and 12.12 ha (58.25%) area respectively. About 20.80 ha rice field area at the Kuningan research station contained low and medium C-organic on 8.68 ha (41.75%) and 12.12 ha (58.25%) area respectively. At Muara experimental station, soil C-organic was classified as low and moderate for 8.14 ha (40.72%), and 11.86 ha (59.28%) area respectively. To increase the C-organic status of this soil, it must be carried out to return harvested straw and or apply manure from outside at least 4 t ha−1.

Influence of Different Types of Land Use on Prokaryotic Communities and Organic Matter Stabilization in Soddy-Podzolic Soil

The influence of crop rotation with different saturation with legumes and continuous grain crops (winter rye and spring barley) on the structure of prokaryotic communities and preservation of soil organic matter has been studied in a long-term stationary experiment (1977–2018) on a soddy-podzolic soil (Eutric Albic Retisol (Abruptic, Loamic, Cutanic)) of Perm oblast. Permanent black fallow and unmanaged fallow were used as reference standards. Minimum values of the coefficients of mineralization (0.37) and pedotrophicity (0.28) calculated on the basis of direct counting of microbial colonies cultivated on standard nutrient media (MPA, SAA, and SA) have been found in the unmanaged fallow soil, and maximum values of these coefficients (1.97 and 1.30, respectively) were found in the black fallow soil. Inverse relationships were found between the Corg content in the soil and the mineralization coefficient (r = –0.67; p crop rotation (0–28.6–42.9% of legumes) > continuous grain crop > permanent black fallow, In the cultivated and black fallow soils, along with general decrease in the organic matte stock, its lability increased as evidenced by the Cha : Cfa ratio (0.55–0.79), which were lower than in the unmanaged fallow soil (0.96). The closest negative correlation (r = –0.81; p < 0.001) was observed between the mineralization coefficient and the Cha : Cfa ratio. It has been also shown that different uses of soddy-podzolic soil were accompanied by structural rearrangements of the actinomycetal complex selected as a model group of soil microorganisms. In particular, regular mechanical tillage and application of mineral fertilizers (N60P30K60) contributed to an increase in the species spectrum of streptomyces, a change in the frequency of occurrence and relative abundance of individual sections and series, and a change in dominant forms. The results of this study demonstrated the possibility of using microbiological indicators as biomarkers of the state of soil organic matter.

The Physical Properties of Soil in Palm Oil Agroforetrial System (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) with Aloes (Aquilaria Malacensis Lamk.) and In Palm Oil Monoculture System

Oil palm cultivation is generally carried out in monoculture. This has an impact on decreasing soil fertility, one of which is the physical properties of the soil. One of solutions that can be done to overcome this is the cultivation of oil palm plants with an agroforestry system. The purpose of this research was to compare the physical properties of soil agroforestry on oil palm (Elaeis gueneensis Jacq.) and aloes (Aquilaria malacensis Lamk.) with oil palm in monoculture. This research was conducted in Bukit Kemuning Village, Tapung Hulu District, Kampar Regency for 4 months from November – Februari 2020. Determination research the locations for agroforestry system and monoculture system using purposive sampling method. Soil samples were taken from 4 sampling point: palm circle, leaf frond piles, harvest path and aloes circle which were repeated 6 times on each land. The observation parameters are several soil physical properties (topsoil depth, bulk density, particle density, total pore space, moisture content, water holding capacity, permeability, infiltration, and soil resistance) and soil C-organic. Data from the observations of each parameter were analyzed statistically using the t test. The results showed that the agroforestry system increased C-organic content and improved selected soil physical properties (increase topsoil depth, total pore space, moisture content, water holding capacity, permeability, infiltration and decrease bulk density, particle density and soil resistance).

TEMPERATURE AND NITRATE CONCENTRATION EFFECT ON THE ABUNDANCE AND GROWTH RATE OF MELOSIRA SP.

Microalgae are one of the natural resources that have high potential as a source of biofuels, one of them is the marine microalgae Melosira sp.. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increasing temperature and nitrate concentration on the abundance, growth rate, biomass, organic C-content and free fatty acids of Melosira sp.. A Completely Randomized Design was used for this experiment with four temperature treatments and three nitrate concentrations treatments in microalgae test planting media. The test microalgae were cultured for 21 days, while the abundance of Melosira sp..was carried out every 3rd day, while for other parameters measurements were made at the end of the experiment. The results showed that the increasing in temperature and nitrate concentration in culture media significantly affected the abundance of Melosira sp.. Meanwhile, the results of statistical analysis showed that the increase in temperature and concentration of culture media did not have a significant effect on biomass except at 30°C treatment, the dry weight of Melosira sp. was only significantly different between the nitrate concentrations of 0.0 g/L and 0.4 g/L. For the content of C-organic and free fatty acids generally showed a significant difference between treating temperature and nitrate concentration in the culture media.

Анализ состава продуктов термолиза обеззоленных концентратов, полученных на основе горючих сланцев Айювинского месторождения (Республика Коми)

The treatment with N-methylpyrrolidone of sedimentary rocks of the Ayuvinskoye deposit allowed obtaining ash-free concentrates with different yields, depending on the Corg content in the rock. The structure of the resulting concentrates was studied by elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, and pyrolysis, followed by analysis of the products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The TGA curves indicated similar structural features of the organic matter of the rocks and the concentrates obtained from them. The composition of the thermolysis products of the concentrate indicated the preferential extraction of aliphatic structures, represented by n-alkyl chains, relative to aromatic fragments, which was associated with the specific structure of the initial organic matter of solid fossil fuels.

The Use of Molecular-Sieving Materials as Ameliorant for Peat Degradation in the Tropics

Peat utilization for agriculture expansion area is commonly found extensively in tropical region during the last few decades. Most agronomical practices involve drainage resulting decomposition of organic materials and increasing drying. This study was carried out to determine the potential use of molecular-sieving materials (MPMs) as an ameliorant for peat soil targeted for reducing the potential hazard of peat degradation. A clinoptilolite-zeolite, empty fruit bunches of oil palm biochar (EFBOPB), and their combination were studied its characteristics to evaluate the ability in adsorbing water and green-house gas emission. A series of laboratory analyses were conducted to determine physicochemical and mineralogical characteristics of both materials and its combination, including elemental analyses, cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, ore spaces, water holding capacity (WHC), and adsorption capacity for CO2, NH3, and N2. The study revealed that 100 - 150 mesh size of zeolite possesses higher values of CEC, WHC, and adsorption capacity for CO2, NH3, and N2 compared to EFBOPB, whereas the latter indicated a higher organic-C content and pore spaces. Combination of 75% (w/w) zeolite and 25% (w/w) EFBOPB showed the best composition of these two MPMs to improve WHC of peat and as consequences slowing down the firing process of the peat. Based on the gas adsorption data, it could be assumed that the mixture of MPMs studied could be considered as an effective material to reduce risk of peat from fire potential hazard and retard GHG emission.

Sub- and supercritical water in the processes of conversion of Domanik rock organic matter

Studies on the conversion of organic matter of high-carbon Domanik (siliceous-clay carbonate) rock of the Romashkinskoye deposit with a mineral content Corg of 7.07% in sub- and supercritical water have been carried out. It was shown that subcritical water at a temperature of 320°С and 17.0 MPa leads to a partial decomposition of the kerogenic structure, increasing the yield of bitumen from 3.12 to 3.98%, and a more complete recovery of asphaltenes and heavy C22-C30 n-alkanes from the rock sample. Supercritical water at temperatures of 374 and 420°C and pressures above 24.4 MPa leads to intensive formation of hydrocarbon and inorganic gases in the processes of kerogen decomposition, destruction of aliphatic substituents from condensed heteroatomic structures of resins and asphaltenes, and the carbonate component of Domanik rock. Degradation of the organic matter of the Domanik rock is also accompanied by the formation of saturated hydrocarbons with an increased content of light C12-C21 n-alkanes, and carbonaceous substances, such as carbene-carboids. Changes in the structure of asphaltenes and their paramagnetic properties were determined by the EPR method. The influence of sub- and supercritical water on phase changes in the composition of rock minerals, as well as on the yield and composition of formed gases, was revealed.

Processes driving seagrass soils composition along the western Mediterranean: The case of the southeast Iberian Peninsula

Seagrasses are distributed all along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea being Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa the most common species. They promote sedimentation, leading to the formation of well-structured soils. Over the last decade, a growing attention has been paid to their role as CO2 sinks in the form of organic carbon (Corg) and to their use as environmental archives. However, most of the knowledge about pedogenetic processes in these soils refer to the rhizosphere. This study aims to understand seagrass soils biogeochemistry in the rhizosphere and below, which in turn can help to understand their long term formation processes. Fifteen cores were strategically sampled along a 350 km stretch of the Southeast Iberian coast, and analyzed for elemental composition (XRF core-scanning), magnetic susceptibility, Corg content and gran size distribution. The cores were dated by 210Pb and 14C-AMS techniques to estimate soil accretion. Principal component analysis was used to explore the main geochemical processes linked to soil formation. The results showed that terrestrial runoff plays a key role in meadow soil composition. Furthermore, Corg accumulation did not follow any general depth trend in our soil records, suggesting that temporal variation in Corg inputs is an important factor in determining carbon depth distribution within the soil. We obtained evidence that the establishment of well-developed, stable C. nodosa meadows in the Mediterranean Sea may be promoted by adverse environmental conditions to P. oceanica settlement. Metal's behavior within the meadow deposit and their interaction with organic matter and carbonates is unclear. The results presented in this paper highlight the importance of the influence of land-based inputs in the characteristics of seagrass meadow deposits, highly determining their Corg content, as well as the need for further studies on metal behavior, to understand their full potential as environmental records.

Uzun Süreli Deneme Koşullar Altında, Artan Dozlarda Fosfor Uygulamasının Toprak Karbon, Azot ve Fosfor İçeriğine Etkisi

Çalışmanın amacı uzun süreli çakılı deneme koşullarında artan dozlarda P uygulamasının toprak C, N ve P içeriği ve elementlerin kendi aralarındaki etkileşimlerini araştırmaktır. Test edilen araştırma hipotezi ise; artan dozlarda P uygulaması toprak C, N ve P konsantrasyonlarını arttırmakta ve buna bağlı olarak bitkisel üretim artmaktadır. Deneme Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliğinde 1998 de Arık toprak serisinde çakılı deneme olarak kurulmuş ve günümüze kadar buğday-mısır rotasyonu olarak devam ettirilmektedir. Söz konusu çalışmada her üretim sezonu öncesi 0 kg P2O5 ha-1 (P0), 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 (P50), 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 (P100) ve 200 kg P2O5 ha-1 (P200) konuları üç tekerrürlü olarak uygulanmaktadır. Çalışma Kasım 2017 de Adana-99 çeşidi Buğday (‎Triticum aestivum L.) ekilerek kurulmuş olup Mayıs 2018 de hasat edilmiştir. Hasat ile birlikte farklı toprak derinliklerinden (0-15 ve 15-30 cm) ve farklı bölgelerden (rizosfer ve rizosfer olmayan) toprak örnekleri alınarak analize hazır hale getirilmiştir. Toprak organik C (OC), inorganik C (IC), toplam C ve N içeriği ve P konsantrasyonları tayin edilmiştir. Araştırma Bulguları gösteriyor ki; her iki derinlikte rizosfer (R) ve rizosfer olmayan (NR) bölgelerde P içeriği bakımından istatistiksel olarak dikkate değer bir fark olup; kontrole kıyasla en iyi uygulama P200 uygulamasında elde edilmiştir. Artan P doz uygulaması ile toprak P içeriği doğrusal bir şekilde artmıştır. Toprak OC içeriği bakımından ise rizosfer ve rizosfer olmayan bölgelerde (15-30 cm derinlikte) istatistiksel olarak dikkate değer bir fark olup, kontrole kıyasalar en iyi uygulama P200 uygulamasında sağlanmıştır. Ayrıca, artan P doz uygulamasına bağlı olarak ortalama toprak OC, toplam N ve C içeriği artış göstermekte olup sonuçlar hipotezimizi destekler niteliktedir.

Influence of Fertilizer Systems on Soil Organic Carbon Content and Crop Yield: Results of Long-Term Field Experiments at the Geographical Network of Research Stations in Russia

The results of long-term experiments (LTEs) performed at the Geographical Network of experimental stations encompassing major soil types in Russia (soddy-podzolic (Retisols, Luvisols, and Podzols); gray forest (Luvic Greyzemic Phaeozems); leached, typical, and southern chernozems (Chernozems); chestnut soils (Kastanozems); meadow brown soils (Albic Stagnic Luvisols); and meadow chernozem-like soils (Luvic Greyzemic Stagnic Phaeozems)) within the entire country (from the north to the south of the European part of Russia, Siberia, and the south of the Far East region (Amur oblast, Khabarovsk, and Primorskii regions)) are summarized. Most of the stationary LTEs were lasting 20–45 years; ten LTEs lasted from 50 to 81 years. It was found that the organomineral fertilizer system (OMFS) exceeded the mineral fertilizer system (MFS) in its effect on the yield by 1–40% in 18 experiments, while the MFS was more efficient than the OMFS by 2–3% in only three LTEs. For the same soil type, the differences in Corg content between unfertilized trials reach 0.56–1.55% for soddy-podzolic soils and 1.58–3.93% for chernozems. Differences in soil Corg content between the unfertilized and OMFS (manure + NPK) trials were less than 10% in four LTEs, 11–20% in six LTEs, and >20% in ten LTEs; the average difference reached 0.27% of Corg. The levels of minimum (Cmin) and optimum (Copt) organic carbon content have been determined with due account for the soil types, soil texture classes, and the applied fertilizer system. They can be used as reference values for the studied soils.

KUALITAS PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR PLUS BERBAHAN DASAR PUTRI MALU (Mimosa pudica Linn.) YANG DIFERMENTASI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BEBERAPA JENIS BIOAKTIVATOR

Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) is one type of fertilizer that is currently an alternative fertilizer that is widely used by the community. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of liquid organic fertilizers made from the fermentation of the basic ingredients of the Mimosa pudica Linn. Using several types of bio activators.The study used a two-factorial completely randomized design (CRD). The treatment factors were the type of liquid fertilizer organic matter (A) and the microbial starter (B), there were 6 treatment combinations and was repeated 4 times with a three-day variable observed pH, temperature, color, and aroma descriptive organoleptic test. After becoming LOF, the content of N, P, K, C-Organic, Fe, and Pb were analyzed. The results of the analysis showed that the temperature and pH of the finished liquid fertilizer reached 29-31 ° C with a pH of 4. The K content in the liquid fertilizer was higher when using a mixture of canopy and root of the daughter of shame. The C-Organic content in liquid fertilizers is relatively the same. The color and aroma quality of all treatments were the same as well as the P. content. Fe and Pb content were classified as very low as required in liquid fertilizer products. Keywords: shy daughter Plants, Bio activators, Fermentation, LOF.

Kajian Paket Dosis Semi Organik terhadap Sifat Tanah dan Hasil Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L)

The study of packages of semi-organic fertilization on soil properties, and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L). The aim of this study was to know the effect of semi organic fertilization doses on soil properties and yield of rice. The Randomized block design (RBD), with 3 replications and 9 treatments was used in this study. P0 (without fertilizer), P1 (25 tons of organic fertilizer ha-1), P2 (300 kg of Urea ha-1, 150 kg SP36 ha-1 and 75 kg KCl ha-1), P3 (biourin liquid fertilizer) P4 (½ P1 + ½ P2), P5 (½ P1 + ½ P3, P6 (½ P2 + ½ P3), P7 (2/3P1 + 1/ 3 P2) and P8 (2/3P3 + 1/3P2). The results showed that the application of semi-organic fertilizer on soil properties such as soil salinity, C-organic content, P-available and Nitrogen content of soil significantly affected by the treatment, while potasium_available and soil pH is not significantly affected by the treatment. Yield of rice had a very significant effected by treatment. The semi-organic fertilizer P4 (combination of 50 % anorganic + 50 % organic compost) and P6 (combination of 50 % inorganic + 50 % biourine) can produce oven dry grain 33.35 g per bushel and 32.63 g per bushel respectively or increased 57.91 % and 54.50 % of controls.

Pengaruh Beberapa Formula Pupuk Terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah dan Hasil Tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica juncea L.) di Subak Tegal Lantang Kecamatan Denpasar Barat

Effect of Some Fertilizer Formulas on Soil Chemical Properties and Yield of Green Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in Subak Tegal Lantang, West Denpasar District. The aims of this study is to determine the effect of several fertilizer formulas on soil chemical properties and yield of green mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in Subak Tegal Lantang, West Denpasar District. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 6 treatments including controls and repeated 4 times with a total of 24 treatment plots. Fertilization treatment consists of three types of fertilizers, namely organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, and biofertilizer. The fertilizer formula tested consisted of P0 = control (without fertilizer), P1= 5 tons of compost ha-1 + 300kg Phonska ha-1 + 200kg Urea ha-1, P2= 5 tons of compost ha-1 + 300kg Phonska ha-1 + 200kg Urea ha-1 + biofertilizer (1 cc / liter water / plot), P3= 10 tons of compost ha-1 + 300kg Phonska ha-1 + 200kg Urea ha-1, P4= 10 tons of compost ha-1 + 300kg Phonska ha-1 + 200kg Urea ha-1 + biofertilizer (1 cc / liter of water / plot), P5= biofertilizer with a concentration of 1 cc / liter of water / plot. The data from the observed parameters then analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (Anova) to determine the significance of the treatment. If it has a significant effect on the parameters observed, then it will be followed by the LSD test at the 5% real level. The results of study showed that the fertilizer formula treatment had a very significant effect on organic-C (P &lt;0,01) and significantly affected the plant fresh weight (P &lt;0,05), but had no significant effect on the acidity (pH), total-N, available-K, available-P, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, plant height, number of leaves, and plant dry weight. The P4 fertilizer formula gave the highest increase in soil organic-C content significantly by 2.99% or an increase of 66% compared to the control and gave the highest yield of fresh greens mustard by 23.64 tons ha-1.

Параметризація змін умісту органічного вуглецю залежно від системи удобрення

Goal. To determine the parameters of changes in the content of organic carbon in typical chernozem depending on the long-term use of different fertilizer systems for field crop rotation in the High Forest-Steppe of the Left Bank of Ukraine. Methods. Field — to determine the impact of fertilizer application systems on the humus state of typical chernozem, laboratory — to determine the content of organic carbon in the soil, calculation — to calculate the reserves of organic carbon and humus, mathematical — to assess the reliability of the data. Results. It was determined that before the establishment of a stationary field experiment, the content of organic carbon (Corg) in the arable soil layer averaged 2.89%. The coefficient of variation of the parameters of this indicator was 8%, but the scope of variation of the obtained results was 1.03 abs. %. It was established that for 28 years of application of mineral and organic fertilizers there was a slow deposition of Corg. Under the mineral fertilizer system with the introduction of single and double doses of complete fertilizer, the Corg content increased from 2.94–2.96 to 3.09–3.10%. Under the organic system, which provided the periodic application of manure under row crops, the Corg content increased from 2.80 to 3.09%, while the combined application of manure and mineral fertilizers caused an increase in Corg from 2.71–2.79 to 3.09–3.16%. Corg reserves increased from 5 for the mineral to 10 and 13 t/ha for organic and organomineral fertilizer systems, respectively. Conclusions. An increase in the Corg content in typical chernozem was established with the introduction of fertilizer systems in a row: mineral — +0.14–0.15 abs.%, organic — +0.29, organomineral — +0.37–0.38 abs.%. The systematic application of mineral and periodic of organic fertilizers contributes the most to carbon deposition in soils.