Core Stability Exercises Research Articles

Does core stability training improve hopping performance and kinetic asymmetries during single-leg landing in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed patients?

ABSTRACT Safe return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery is important. Core stabilization is common within rehabilitation, but its influence on hopping performance and single-leg landing kinetics among athletes post-ACLR is unclear. Twenty-four male professional athletes who had ACL reconstruction surgery (time since surgery = 11.47 ± 1.55 months) were recruited and randomly assigned to exercise (n = 12) and control (n = 12) groups. Exercise group received an 8-week core stability exercise program. Limb symmetry index (LSI) for single-leg hop for distance (SLH) and triple hop (TRH) tests, and single-leg landing kinetics (multidirectional ground reaction forces) were measured pre- and post-intervention. In post-test, the participants in exercise group were more symmetrical in SLH (P = .04, CI = 0.01–7.68) and TRH (P = .01, CI = 0.28–11.1) distances. They also improved their LSI values for vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), though not significantly (P < .05). LSI for anteroposterior (a-p) and mediolateral (m-l) GRFs remained unchanged for participants of both groups. Our findings indicate the positive effect of core exercise on decreasing between-limb asymmetries during SLH and TRH tests. Our results demonstrate that despite lack of change in kinetics, functional performance is more symmetrical following core stability training.

COMPARISON OF CORE STABILITY AND PLYOMETRIC EXERCISES IN ATHLETES TO IMPROVE PAIN AND DISABILITY IN NON-SPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN

Background: Low back pain in athletes is common. Core muscles action and function can be understood by the coordination of upper and lower limbs during sports and other dynamic activities. Plyometric exercises are a mainstream type of activity, most generally used to improve athletic performance. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of core stability and plyometric exercises in athletes to improve pain and disability in non-specific low back pain Study design and sampling technique: Current study was the randomized controlled trial. Simple random sampling technique was used in this study. The participants were divided into Group A and B according to Lottery method. Setting and participants: 38 subjects were considered for the study and divided into two equal groups of 19 each, randomly. Age of selected subjects ranges from 20-40 years. Data were collected from PSB. Interventions &amp; data collection tools: Participants of groups A performed core stability exercises and group B did plyometric exercises. Pre-Treatment values of VAS and MODI were calculated. Results: Parametric and Non-parametric tests were performed. Within group comparison after 4th and 8th week was done by using Friedman ANOVA test and it indicated improved results in both groups. Between groups comparison after 4th and 8th week was made by using Mann-Whitney U Test and it showed significant changes in VAS and MODI scores. Conclusion: Core stability exercises are more effective than plyometric exercises in athletes to improve pain and disability in non-specific low back pain.

A Comparative Study to Find the Effectiveness of Core Muscles Activation Over Conventional Exercises In Subjects with Mechanical Low Back Pain

Mechanical low back pain is the main common reason for referral to physiotherapy clinic, and a chief reason for people complains, and both men and women are equally reported to be affected by this condition. It is found that core stabilization exercises have got significant improvement when compared to conventional back care exercises in improving the function and in relieving pain. To see the effectiveness of core muscles activation over conventional exercises along with Interferential Therapy (IFT) in each group for the reduction of pain and to increase the range of motion and improve the disability in subjects with mechanical low back pain. This is an experimental study where pre and post design were used with 40 subjects with mechanical low back pain were taken considering the selection criteria and divided into two groups. 20 subjects in Group-A received Core muscles activation exercises and IFT with pre and post test analysis and 20 subjects in Group-B received Conventional exercises and IFT with pre and post test analysis. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain intensity, Revised Oswestry Disability Index (R-ODI) for the disability improvement and Goniometry for range of motion. Statistical analysis was done by using paired ‘t’ tests which showed significant improvement in reducing pain, improving the quality of life and increasing the ROM in Group-A as compared to Group-B but as p &gt; 0.05 so it was non significant. It is concluded that subjects in Group-A who received Core muscles activation exercises are more effective as compared to Group-B who received Conventional exercises and it is found that IFT with core activation exercises is very effective in reducing pain, increasing the ROM and improving the disability.

Comparing the Effect of 8 Weeks of Suspension Training and Core Stability on the Onset of Electromyography Activity of Selected Muscles and the Pain in Amateur Soccer Players With Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain

Purpose: Back pain is one of the most common injuries that affects many people worldwide. Core stability exercises are among the training methods for treating back pain. Suspension training with TRX (total body resistance exercise) has recently become popular among athletes and coaches. The present study aims to compare the effect of common core stability exercises with suspension exercises using TRX in amateur male soccer players with non-specific chronic back pain. Methods: The current research is a clinical trial study. The study population comprised amateur male soccer players with non-specific chronic back pain. Of whom, 30 were selected as a sample using Cochran’s formula and according to the inclusion criteria. Then, they were randomly divided into two equal groups of suspension exercises on the unstable level (15 people) and core stability on the stable level (15 people). The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to obtain the pain intensity, and the surface electromyography device and force plate were used to check the activity start time. first, the pre-test evaluations were done in the Mofaghian Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, and then the subjects performed the study exercises for 8 weeks. Moreover, after 8 weeks of training, the post-test was performed. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze anthropometric characteristics, the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality of data, covariance, and the Mann-Whitney tests to compare the results between two groups at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results of the covariance analysis test showed a significant difference in the start time of the electromyography of the muscles between the two groups of suspension exercises and common core stability exercises after 8 weeks of exercises (rectus abdominis, P=0.01; multifidus, P=0.001; transverse abdominis, P=0.001, and external oblique, P=0.001). Also, the results of the Mann-Whitney U test for comparing the pain intensity between the two groups showed a significant difference (P=0.02). Conclusion: Considering the greater effectiveness of suspension exercises compared to common core stability exercises and the existing reports that suspension exercises have a low risk of injury in connection with unnecessary high loads, the use of these exercises in people with low back pain is recommended than using a stable surface.

The Effect of 8 Weeks of Selected Core Stability Exercises on Static and Dynamic Bal-ance, Gait Speed, and Stride Length of Students with Intellectual Disability

The Effect of 8 Weeks of Selected Core Stability Exercises on Static and Dynamic Bal-ance, Gait Speed, and Stride Length of Students with Intellectual Disability

The Effects of Core Stabilization Exercises on Balance and Anaerobic Performance of Female Volleyball Players

The Effects of Core Stabilization Exercises on Balance and Anaerobic Performance of Female Volleyball Players

Effect of Central Stability and Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Exercises on Pain, Flexibility, Balance, Muscle Endurance and Quality of Life in Men With Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain

Background: Study on the effectiveness of new methods of low back pain treatment is very important due to its high prevalence. There is no consensus on the most effective treatment for low back pain, despite the existence of different treatments options. Objective: This study aims to assess the effect of 8 weeks of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) and core stability (CS) exercises on pain, hamstring flexibility, balance, abdominal muscle strength, and quality of life (QoL) in men with chronic low back pain. Methods: Participants were 20 men with non-specific low back pain, randomly divided into two groups of DNS (Age=47.8±9.82 years, BMI=25.8±2.9 kg/m2) and CS (Age=42.4±11.8 years, BMI=28.1±13.1 kg/m2). Subjects performed exercises for 8 weeks. Before and after exercises, their pain, hamstring flexibility, static and dynamic balances, abdominal muscle strength, and QoL were assessed. For data analysis, the paired t-test and analysis of covariance were used, considering a significance level of P&lt;0.05. Results: Both training methods improved pain, abdominal muscle strength and static balance. The CS exercise significantly improved hamstring muscle flexibility, and DNS exercise significantly improved QoL. The comparison between the two methods showed no significant difference in any study variables. Conclusion: Both CS and DNS exercises can be used in designing the interventions for patients with chronic low back pain.

Comparative effect of different treatment approaches on lumbar hyperlordosis, respiratory muscle strength, and balance in diplegic children: A randomized controlled clinical trial

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different treatment approaches (pressure biofeedback training of the abdominal drawing-in maneuver with and without prone hip extension, whole-body vibration, and core stability exercises) on lumbar hyperlordosis, respiratory muscle strength, and balance in children with diplegic cerebral palsy. Forty-five children, ranged in age from 8 to 12 years, were randomly allocated into three groups (A, B, C). All children underwent a specialized exercise program for one hour, three days/ week for three successive months. In addition, group A received pressure biofeedback training, group B underwent the whole-body vibration, and group C underwent the core stability exercises. The lumbar lordotic angle, active lumbar and hip range of motion, respiratory muscle strength, and balance were measured before and after three months of treatment. We found a significant decrease in lumbar lordotic angle along with a significant increase in active lumbar and hip range of motion of group A and group C post-treatment (p &lt; 0.001) in favor of group A, while non-significant change was found in group B (p &gt; 0.05). A significant improvement was recorded in the three groups' respiratory muscle strength and stability indices in favor of group B (p &lt; 0.001). Pressure biofeedback training and core stability exercises are the best adjunctive to traditional physical therapy to improve lumbar hyperlordosis, respiratory muscle strength, and balance together in children with diplegic cerebral palsy. Moreover, whole-body vibration is the best adjunctive to improve respiratory muscle strength and balance.

Effects of A Progressive Rehabilitation Program on Shoulder Internal Rotation Range of Motion, Acromiohumeral Distance, And Pain in An Adolescent Female Swimmer with Subacromial Pain (Impingement) Syndrome

Shoulder injuries are common in competitive youth swimmers because of sport-specific changes in upper extremity physical characteristics and acromio-humeral distance (AHD). These physical alterations could cause abnormal scapular kinematics and positioning. Subacromial pain syndrome (SPS), scapular dyskinesis, and SLAP lesions require a multiphase approach. A 14-years-old female athlete who has been swimming for 7 years had SPS symptoms for 14 months. She also had scapular dyskinesis and suspected SLAP lesion. She received 15 treatment sessions. We conducted a progressive and comprehensive rehabilitation program consisting of electrotherapy, thermal agent, mobilization techniques, posterior shoulder stretching exercises, upper and lower extremity strengthening, proprioception, scapular stabilization, and core stabilization exercises, rhythmic stabilization exercises, plyometric exercises, and the advanced thrower’s 10 program. Internal rotation range of motion (IRROM) with bubble inclinometer, pain with Visual Analog Scale, and AHD with ultrasonographic imaging were assessed before treatment and at the end of the 9th and 15th treatment sessions. Before treatment, IRROM was 52°, AHD was 10.67 mm, and pain intensity at rest and during swimming was 0 and 3.1 cm, respectively. After 9 treatment sessions, IRROM was 55.6°, AHD was 11.62 mm, pain intensity at rest and during swimming was 3.7 cm and 5.1 cm, respectively. At the end of the treatment, IRROM was 58.33°, AHD was 12.02 mm, pain intensity at rest and during swimming was 0 cm. A progressive and challenging rehabilitation program may positively change the scapular and glenohumeral kinematic patterns leading to an increase in AHD and IRROM, therefore a decrease in pain.

The relationships between static and dynamic core stability and anaerobic exercise capacity in young elite male soccer players

Objective: To investigate the associations between static and dynamic core stability and anaerobic exercise capacity in young elite male soccer players. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five athletes with a median (IQR 25/75) age of 17 (17/18) years were participated in the study. Static core stability and dynamic core stability were evaluated with side bridge test and Y balance test, respectively. Vertical Jump Test and Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) were used as anaerobic exercise capacity related performance tests. Anaerobic exercise capacity was determined by using Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Results: Significant but weak correlations were observed between dynamic core stability and WAnT average power (r= 0.370, p=0.029) and between dynamic core stability and RAST peak power (r= 0.371, p=0.028). No other significant relationships were detected between other core stability and anaerobic exercise capacity related measures (p&gt;0.05). Conclusions: It was determined that anaerobic exercise capacity is not related to static core stability, while poorly associated to dynamic core stability.

Classification of Plank Techniques Using Wearable Sensors

The plank is a common core-stability exercise. Developing a wearable inertial sensor system for distinguishing between acceptable and aberrant plank techniques and detecting specific deviations from acceptable plank techniques can enhance performance and prevent injury. The purpose of this study was to develop an inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based plank technique quantification system. Nineteen healthy volunteers (age: 20.5 ± 0.8 years, BMI: 22.9 ± 1.4 kg/m2) performed the standard plank technique and six deviations with five IMUs positioned on the occiput, cervical spine, thoracic spine, sacrum, and right radius to record movements. The random forest method was employed to perform the classification. The proposed binary tree classification model achieved an accuracy of more than 86%. The average sensitivities were higher than 90%, and the specificities were higher than 91%, except for one deviation (83%). These results suggest that the five IMU-based systems can classify the plank technique as acceptable or aberrant with good accuracy, high sensitivity, and acceptable specificity, which has significant implications in monitoring plank biomechanics and enabling coaching practice.

OTHR-24. Impact of physical activity on postural stability and coordination in children with posterior fossa tumor: randomized control phase III trial

Abstract BACKGROUND: Posterior fossa tumor is a type of brain tumor that is located at the borders of both the brain stem and cerebellum. The cerebellum is the brain region in charge of balance and coordination. Pediatric patients diagnosed with posterior fossa tumor have been reported to fall frequently. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of balance and coordination training in these children. METHODS: This randomized control clinical trial was carried out between September 2020 and April 2021 at Children’s Cancer Hospital-57357. The inclusion criteria of the participants were - patients with posterior fossa tumor in maintenance phase and, age between 5-12 years. The study participants were randomly assigned into three groups: Group I/Control group: they received Pilates core stability exercises program, Group II/Balance group: They received the same program plus HUMAC balance program, and Group III/Coordination group: They received the same program plus coordination exercises of BOT-2. Descriptive statistics for patients’ characteristics were reported as medians and interquartile ranges for quantitative variables, frequencies, and percentages for qualitative ones. Significance level of P value was at &amp;lt;0.05. RESULTS: Sixty children including 38 boys and 22 girls were enrolled in this study. In all three groups, postural stability and coordination improved significantly in terms of modified clinical test of sensory integration of balance, center of pressure, limits of stability, bilateral coordination, and upper-limb coordination.CONCLUSION: The current study supports the value of adding postural stability and coordination training to the physiotherapy plan for children with posterior fossa tumor. Clinical trial information: RCT no#NCT04528316. Keywords: Posterior fossa tumor, Children, HUMAC, BOT-2, Postural stability, Balance, Coordination.

The Effect of Core Stability Exercises on Pain and Inflammation of Patients With Piriformis Syndrome

Background and Aim Sciatica is one of the most common diseases of the peripheral nervous system and may be caused by pressure on the sciatic nerve. Due to the fact that piriformis muscle located near the sciatic nerve, piriformis muscle spasm may put pressure on the nerve and cause sciatica and consequently piriformis syndrome. The present study aims to investigate the effect of core stability exercises on pain and inflammation of patients with piriformis syndrome. Methods &amp; Materials This is a randomized clinical trial. The study population consists of all patients with piriformis syndrome referred to medical centers in Arak, Iran from. Of these, 20 were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of control (n=10) and exercise (n=10). The exercise group performed core stability exercises for 6 weeks, while the control group continued their normal life during this period. To examine the differences between the study groups, t-test, Chi-Square test, and McNemar’s test were used. The significance level was set at 0.05. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1400.157) and was registered by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (ID: IRCT20211003052662N1). Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Results The Mean pain score in the control group decreased from 95.2 to 90.7 after the exercise, which was not statistically significant (P=0.562). In the exercise group, the mean pain score decreased from 91.7 to 33.4, and this decrease was statistically significant (P=0.0); Therefore, at 95% confidence interval, we can say that core stability exercises had a significant effect on the pain of patients with piriformis syndrome (P&lt;0.05). The number of patients with inflamed nerve in the control group decreased from 10 in the pre-test phase to 8 in the post-test phase, but this decrease was not statistically significant (P=0.5). In the exercise group, it was reduced from 10 to 2, and this decrease was statistically significant (P=0.008); Therefore, we can say that core stability exercises had a significant effect on the inflammation of patients with piriformis syndrome (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion Core stability exercises can reduce pain and inflammation in patients with piriformis syndrome. These exercises can be used in the treatment of these patients.

Effectiveness of whole-body vibration exercise and core stabilization exercise in chronic non-specific low back pain: A randomized-controlled study.

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of whole-body vibration exercise (WBVE) and core stabilization exercise (CSE) on pain, muscle strength, and functional recovery in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (NLBP). Patients and methods Between June 2016 and July 2017, a total of 74 patients with NLBP (12 males, 62 females; mean age: 44.7±8.9 years; range, 24 to 64 years) were included in this prospective, randomized-controlled study. The patients were randomly assigned to WBVE group (WBVEG, n=25), CSE group (CSEG, (n=25), and home exercise group as the control group (CG, (n=24). All groups performed 24 sessions of exercise for a total of eight weeks. Clinical outcome was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), computerized isokinetic muscle strengths (IMS) and progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation (PILE) test. Results The VAS and RMDQ scores in WBVEG and CSEG statistically significantly decreased (p<0.05). The difference between the pre-treatment and at three-month VAS scores during intense activity were significantly different in both WBVEG and CSEG than the CG (p<0.05). The IMS values, except for the isokinetic flexion total work (IKFTW), increased significantly in all three groups (p<0.05). The IKFTW values increased significantly in the WBVEG and CSEG (p<0.05). A statistically significant increase in the functional work performance with PILE was observed in all three groups (p<0.05). The differences between the pre-treatment and three-month PILE test (ground to back and back to shoulder) were significantly different in both WBVEG and CSEG than the CG (p<0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of chronic NLBP, WBVE and CSE appear to be effective in pain and functionality. Although there was a significant improvement in muscle strength and functional work performance in all three groups, greater improvements were observed in the WBVEG and CSEG than the CG.

Pilates Exercise Impact on Functional Movements, Core Stability and Risk of Injuries in Handball Players

Background. Handball is a dynamic and physically demanding sport, especially due to the excessive contact of players during the game. The high velocity of the game, high number of matches and the athletic conditioning puts a strain on the musculoskeletal system, leading to a high risk of injury. Prior research substantiates the belief that a better spinal stabilization function due to the application of Pilates exercises would help to achieve better sports results and reduce the risk of injuries.&#x0D; The aim. To evaluate the impact of a Pilates exercise program on functional movements, core stability and risk of injuries in young handball players.&#x0D; Methods. 12 professional handball players aged 18.25 ± 0.45 years participated in the study. A Pilates exercise program was applied in addition to the regular handball training. The program lasted for 8 weeks, with the sessions organized on-line, twice a week for 60 minutes. Before and after the program, functional movements were assessed using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) method, core stability was assessed by McGill core muscle isometric endurance tests, dynamic stability and associated injury risk was assessed by modified star excursion balance test.&#x0D; Results. After the application of the Pilates exercise program, the evaluation of functional movements according to FMS scores significantly improved (p &lt; 0.05). The isometric endurance ratio of the right and left side core muscles significantly improved (p &lt; 0.05), and the isometric strength endurance ratio between the right side and back muscles also improved (p &lt; 0.05). No significant change in either the total index of dynamic stability of the arms or legs, which indicates the risk of injury was found after the Pilates exercise program.&#x0D; Conclusion. This study illustrates the idea that a Pilates exercise program improved quality of the handball players’ functional movements and the isometric strength of some core-stabilizing muscles, while the risk of injuries did not change.&#x0D; Keywords: movement quality, static endurance, dynamic stability, athletes, core stabilization exercise.

Perbandingan Pengaruh Latihan Core Stability Dengan Zig Zag Run Terhadap Agility Pada Pemain Sepak Bola Cabang Aceh Barat Daya

As a soccer athlete, having good agility has several advantages, including being easy to perform difficult movements, not easily falling and causing injury. Agility can be improved with core stability exercises and zig zag runs. This experiment was indentified to find out the difference in the effect of core stability training with zig zag run on increasing agility in Southwest Aceh soccer players in 2021. Respondent of this experiment are 16 people (n=16) met the inclusion criteria with 8 people in the core stability group and 8 people in the zig zag run group. The research method used is a quasi-experimental approach with two groups of pre and post test designs. The data collected was first tested for normality with the Shapiro Wilk test (n=&lt;50), the results obtained were 0.179 (preZigzag), 0.321 (preCoreStability) meaning the data was normally distributed (p&gt;0.05). Then the homogeneity test was carried out with the Levene test, the value (sig) of 0.863 (p&gt;0.05) means that there is a similarity of variance (homogeneous) between groups. Statistical analysis in both groups used Paired Sample t-test and obtained a sig value for the core Stability group of 0.000 and for the Zigzag Run group of 0.000, it can be concluded that there was a difference after being given treatment in each treatment group (p &lt;0.05). Different test of the effect of post test core Stability and zigzag Run using the Independent Sample t-test and obtained a value (sig) of 0.015. So it can be concluded that there is a difference between the treatment of group I and group II (p&lt;0.05). The conclusion is a difference in the effect of core stability and zigzag run training on increasing agility in soccer players.

Comparing the Effects of TRX and Aerofitness Exercises on Core Stability of Women with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background and Aims Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common destructive diseases of the central nervous system, which leads to disability and impaired mobility and functional capacity in patients. For the rehabilitation of patients with MS, resistance training is considered as a safe and efficient method. In this regard, in recent years, core stability exercise has become one of the common training methods for the rehabilitation of patients with MS. It is defined as the ability to control the position of the trunk over the pelvis to effectively transfer the force to the lower extremities during various activities. This study aims to compare the effects of selected TRX and aerofitness exercises on the core stability of women with MS. Methods In this randomized clinical trial, 30 women with MS aged 20-50 years with expanded disability status scale score &lt;5 referred to MS Association of Isfahan were selected by a purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into two TRX and aerofitness groups. They performed the exercises for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, each for 60 minutes. Their core stability was measured using the Biering-Sørensen test, isometric lateral trunk endurance tests, and Planck test. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test. Results The selected TRX and aerofitness exercises had a significant effect on the improvement of core stability in women with MS (P &lt;0.05). Patients in the TRX group showed more significant improvement than in the aerofitness group (P &lt;0.05). Conclusion The selected TRX and aerofitness exercises can improve the core stability of women with MS. However, further studies are needed to use these exercises in patients with MS.

Neuromuscular Training, Exercise Physiology Clinic, Real-time Exercise, and Cardiac Rehabilitation

Neuromuscular Training, Exercise Physiology Clinic, Real-time Exercise, and Cardiac Rehabilitation

Influence of Core-Stability Exercises Guided by a Telerehabilitation App on Trunk Performance, Balance and Gait Performance in Chronic Stroke Survivors: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial.

Stroke is one of the main causes of disability. Telerehabilitation could face the growing demand and a good strategy for post-stroke rehabilitation. The aim of this study is to examine the possible effects of therapeutic exercises performed by an App on trunk control, balance, and gait in stroke survivors. A preliminary 12-week randomized controlled trial was developed. Thirty chronic stroke survivors were randomly allocated into two groups. Both groups performed conventional physiotherapy, in addition to, the experimental group (EG) had access to a telerehabilitation App to guide home-based core-stability exercises (CSE). Trunk performance was measured with the Spanish-Trunk Impairment Scale (S-TIS 2.0) and Spanish-Function in Sitting Test. Balance and gait were measured with Spanish-Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke patient, Berg Balance Scale and an accelerometer system. In EG was observed an improvement of 2.76 points in S-TIS 2.0 (p = 0.001). Small differences were observed in balance and gait. Adherence to the use of the App was low. CSE guided by a telerehabilitation App, combined with conventional physiotherapy, seem to improve trunk function and sitting balance in chronic post-stroke. Active participation in the rehabilitation process should be increased among stroke survivors. Further confirmatory studies are necessary with a large sample size.

A Study to Find the Efficacy of Core Stabilization Exercise on Respiratory Functions

Core stabilization exercise has become a well-known trend in fitness. The diaphragm, which is a component of core stability, plays a role in respiration and stabilizing the trunk by controlling intra-abdominal pressure. Abdominal exercises, such as sit-ups and leg lifts, are used to enhance the strength of the core muscles. Correct breathing (especially as it involves the respiratory muscles) is vital to abdominal training because respiratory muscles are directly involved during common core stability exercises. This is an experimental study where pre and post design is used. This study was done on a healthy population; a total number of 30 subjects were taken according to the inclusion criteria. 15 subjects in Group-A received five core stabilization exercises combined with diaphragmatic breathing with pre and post-test analysis and 15 subjects in Group-B received resting breathing and diaphragmatic breathing with pre and post-test analysis. 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) were measured. Based on the inter-group analysis, Group-A (Experimental Group) showed greater improvement p &lt; 0.05 than Group-B (Control Group) in post-test on 6MWT as well as FEV1, FVC, PEF. All the interventions have brought about some improvement (p&lt;0.05) in each group post-treatment based on the mean score but its significance varies. The significance of this study is that it showed the relationship between the core muscles and respiratory functions. So, this study can be concluded that the exercise protocol of core stability exercise with diaphragmatic breathing could improve respiratory functions significantly as compared to resting breathing and diaphragmatic breathing exercise alone.