Core-shell Microspheres Research Articles

Core-shell structured SiO @C with controllable mesopores as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract The high-capacity silicon oxide (SiOx) is a promising anode candidate for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but the huge volume expansion during the cycle severely limits their practical application. Mesoporous SiOx is widely investigated as an effective solution due to the self-buffering inner-space. Nevertheless, both excessive and deficient inner-space have bad impacts on the anode material, so exploring a suitable pore volume is the top priority. In this work, an impressive and novel approach has been developed to prepare SiOx@C core-shell microspheres with different mesopores of SiOx. Vinyl-SiO2 nanoparticles are gestated in the framework of sulfonated polystyrene (SCLPS) microspheres to form the vinyl-SiO2/SCLPS composites by vinyltriethoxysilane as the silicon source and in-suit catalyzed by SCLPS. Afterwards, the vinyl-SiO2/SCLPS are covered by resorcinol/formaldehyde polymer, and then the core-shell microspheres are carbonized to prepare SiOx@C. The inner pore space of SiOx can be controlled by adjusting the cross-linking degrees (CLDs) of the SCLPS microspheres. After comparison, SiOx-6@C with the most suitable porous structure is selected, which exhibits a large reversible capacity (761 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1) and acceptable cycling capacity (534 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles). This work provides novel insights on exploring an appropriate inner-space to overcome the challenge of volume expansion.

Preparation of Silver-Coated Silica Microspheres with High Electrical Conductivity Through Pyrogallol-Fe(Ш) Coordinated Surface Functionalization

In this study, we report a facile method to fabricate silica-silver (SiO2/ PG-Fe3+/Ag) core–shell composite microspheres. The surface of SiO2 microspheres is functionalized with pyrogallol-ferric ions (PG-Fe3+) complexes, then Ag ions are reduced to Ag nanoparticles in situ onto the surface of SiO2 microspheres by electroless plating process. The Ag nanoparticles were uniformly coated on the surface of the SiO2 microspheres and formed a distinctive layer, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy characterization. The chemical compositions and microstructures of the microspheres were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The electrical conductivity of the prepared SiO2/ PG-Fe3+/Ag core–shell microspheres was about 1000 S/cm. When the microspheres were filled in methyl vinyl silicone rubber (MVQ), the obtained composites showed good mechanical and electrical properties, indicating their potential applications as conductive and electromagnetic shielding materials.

3D Nanoscale Chemical Imaging of Core-Shell Microspheres via Microlensed Fiber Laser Desorption Postionization Mass Spectrometry.

A laser desorption postionization (LDPI) nanoscale resolution mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) technique based on a microlensed fiber is proposed for 3D imaging of microspheres which have a core-shell structure. Results show that the diameter of the sampling crater can be as small as 350 nm by introducing the desorption laser to the sample surface through the microlensed fiber. The use of laser postionization greatly solves the problem of weak signal caused by the very small sampling amount. A line scan of a sharp edge of Cr mesh shows that the imaging resolution of this method can reach to 300 nm. Through the imaging analysis of the alloy core-shell microspheres of Cr, Fe, Co, and Cu, the distribution of four elements at different positions can be observed visually. Particularly, the reconstruction 3D image of a single Nb-Zr core-shell particle demonstrates the potential of this technique in 3D imaging.

Synthesis and characterization of composite SiO2–Al2O3–Fe2O3 core–shell microspheres

The aim of this study was the synthesis and structural characterization of SiO2–Al2O3 microspheres with SiO2 core and (100 − x)Al2O3·xFe2O3 (x = 0, 5, and 10 mol%) shell. Smooth spherical silica particles of uniform size around 1 μm have been synthesized as core material based on the Stober method. In order to enhance the specific surface area, the silica particles were coated with a thin nanostructurated shell, about 15 nm, of aluminum and iron oxides (100 − x)Al2O3·xFe2O3 (x = 0, 5, and 10 mol%). The embedding of iron oxide in the covering shell was related to potential applications of these composite biomaterials for contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and at the same time for local treatments of cancer by hyperthermia. The XRD results point out the amorphous structure of the obtained core–shell particles. The TEM images evidence continuous shell coating of silica spherical microparticles and the XPS analysis of the surfaces prove the occurrence of iron oxide on the outermost layer of the microspheres. Both FTIR and XPS results evidence the formation of Al–O–Si linkage proving that Al2O3 and SiO2 are chemically bonded in the investigated core–shell microspheres.

Cobalt anchored on porous N, P, S-doping core-shell with generating/activating dual reaction sites in heterogeneous electro-Fenton process

A novel controllable mesoporous core–shell microsphere (Co/Fe3O4@PZS) is synthesized by polycondensation, and used as ORR electrocatalyst in the heterogeneous electro-Fenton (hetero-EF) reaction. Characteristic analysis indicated that PZS offered massive reactive sites for anchoring Co ions on the shell. Heteroatom Lewis acidic active sites, related with pyridinic N (4.15%), P = N/P-N (6.46%) and S = O (3.19%) bonds, were formed through the replacement of C = C groups with the N-P-S doped at the shell, which benefited the activating/generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and capturing/degrading the target pollutant substrates. Moreover, PZS shells prevent the nano-Fe3O4 crystals in the core from direct contact with the solution, which would greatly improve the stability of electrode with almost no leaching of Fe/Co ions after six successive runs. Electrochemical experiments confirmed the accelerating electron transfers among ≡FeII/III/≡CoII/III by the direct electric activation, as evidenced by the decreasing potential discrepancy (from 0.175 to 0.123 V) and sharply increasing ring current (from 35 to 200μA), markedly improved the ORR toward two-electron process (n = 2.01). ESR and radical scavenging experiments verified that •OH and 1O2 served as the main ROS in the Co/Fe3O4@PZS hetero-EF system. In addition to the two-electron reduction (O2→H2O2→·OH), O2 could also be directly electro-activated to 1O2 via one-electron reduction (O2→·O2-/·HO2-→1O2). Additionally, the regenerating/reducing of ≡FeIII/CoIII could get the electron directly from the cathode without excess consumption of H2O2, all these could eventually facilitate BPA degradation with lower energy consumption (1.318 kWh m−3). This study provides a reliable and facile route to prepare mesoporous core–shell microsphere, and developed as doped cathode in the field of electro-Fenton electrocatalysis process.

Acquirement of Strong Microwave Absorption of ZnFe2O4@SiO2@Reduced Graphene Oxide/PVDF Composite Membranes by Regulating Crystallization Behavior

Currently, the microwave absorption materials with high absorbing efficiency are in urgent need to reduce electromagnetic pollution. Herein, the ZnFe2O4@SiO2 core–shell microspheres were synthesize...

Titania-coated fibrous silica (TiO2/KCC-1) core-shell microspheres based solid-phase extraction in clam (Corbicula fluminea) using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry

Clam (Corbicula fluminea) contains significant amount of phospholipids, and the profile of phospholipids could be used as an index for nutrition evaluation. In this study, a titania-coated fibrous silica (TiO2/KCC-1) core-shell microsphere based solid-phase extraction (SPE) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS) method was developed to study the phospholipids in clam. The structure and morphology of TiO2/KCC-1 were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS). The analytical results indicated that the phospholipid molecular species (PMS) could be extracted in a cleaner manner after TiO2/KCC-1 SPE, benefiting from the enhanced signals and decreased MS noise of phospholipids. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models, the PMS with the most obvious beneficiaries of TiO2/KCC-1 SPE were identified, e.g. PC 16:0/20:5 (m/z 824.6), PC 16:0/22:6 (m/z 850.6), PE 18:1/18:2 (m/z 740.4), and PE 18:0/22:6 (m/z 790.5). Finally, the proposed method was validated to be sensitive and precise. This study provides an efficient tool to analyze the phospholipids in clam and the prospect to use this method for future applications in various samples.

Highly sensitive detection of phosphopeptides with superparamagnetic Fe3O4@mZrO2 core-shell microspheres-assisted mass spectrometry

Protein phosphorylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications. It is an active research area to study phosphoproteomics for discovery of disease biomarkers and druggable targets. Here we report the development of superparamagnetic Fe3O4@mZrO2 core-shell microspheres with mesoporous structures for highly efficient enrichment of phosphopeptides. We have demonstrated that the mesoporous ZrO2 layer dramatically improves the selective enrichment of phosphopeptides. Our approach allows for in-situ elution and sensitive identification of both mono-phosphorylated and multi-phosphorylated peptides in MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, with the detection limit of down to the femtomole range. The target phosphopeptides can reliably be enriched for MS analysis from various complex samples including the spiked protein digests and tumor cell lysates. The Fe3O4@mZrO2 core-shell microspheres promise a useful tool for phosphoproteomics by allowing for highly efficient and selective enrichment of the crucial signaling regulators in a low abundance.

Detection of Ppb-level NO2 using mesoporous ZnSe/SnO2 core-shell microspheres based chemical sensors

Detection of ultralow concentrations of the hazardous gases is the major demand and challenge for the development of biosensors. A novel mesoporous ZnSe-core/SnO2-shell microspheres based chemiresistive-type sensor was fabricated for ppb-level NO2 detection, and the theoretical detection limit is calculated to be 0.87 ppb. The as-fabricated sensor presents an excellent performance for low-concentrations of NO2 up to 2.4 ppm and exhibits significantly higher response approximately 6.94 than those of pristine SnO2 (∼2.86) and ZnSe based sensors (almost no response) to 2.4 ppm NO2 at 160 °C. The response and recovery time of the core-shell microspheres based sensor are 64 s and 52 s, respectively, which are substantially improved compared to those of the pristine SnO2 based sensor (∼149 s and ∼133 s). The sensor demonstrates a superior long-term stability with a deviation in the response of the sensor less than 5 % for one month, and a brilliant selectivity to several possible interferents. The significantly improved sensing performance could be attributed to the obtained mesoporous structures and the formed ZnSe/SnO2 hybrid interfaces. It yields more active sites and promotes the electrons transferred between ZnSe and SnO2 nanocrystals. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to reveal the potential transducing mechanisms.

Magnetic microsphere with hierarchical LDH/polydopamine shell encapsulated Fe3O4 core for carrying Ag nanocatalyst

An efficient and green carrier for noble metal nanocrystals is very important for nanocatalysis. During the past decade, various efforts have been focused on developing hierarchical nanostructures for carrying nanocrystals due to the unique surface characteristics. By combining the magnetic separation, high loading, and easy preparation advantages together, this work reports a simple method to fabricate Fe3O4@LDH/PDA core shell microspheres for carrying Ag nanoparticles. The tri-component Fe3O4@LDH/PDA nanostructure is featured with a magnetic Fe3O4 core and a layered double hydroxides (LDH) supported polydopamine (PDA) hierarchical shell. Through a tailored surface engineering process, a series of Fe3O4@LDH/PDA microspheres with tunable sizes, shell thicknesses, and surface function are constructed. Due to the highly active hierarchical surface, the Ag nanocrystals are easily to be immobilized on the Fe3O4@LDH/PDA to form flowerlike Fe3O4@LDH/PDA-Ag multifunctional nanocomposites. The Fe3O4@LDH/PDA-Ag shows high catalytic activity on reducing the 4-Nitrophenol and its catalytic ability can keep 91 % after 8 cycles. In consideration of the biocompatibility, hierarchical surface, and magnetic separation, this kind of materials is expected to be further applied in enzyme immobilization, anti-bacterial, drug delivery, and pollution separation.

Catalytic performance of silica covered bimetallic nickel-iron encapsulated core-shell microspheres for hydrogen production

Supported nickel-iron catalysts with core/shell structures (Ni,Fe/SiO2, and Ni/SiO2, Fe (Imp.)) were synthesized by sol-gel microencapsulation and sol-gel microencapsulation-impregnation methods, respectively. Sol-gel microencapsulation resulted in the formation of Ni and Fe containing alloys, where both Fe and Ni were in the core (Ni,Fe/SiO2). In the case of combined microencapsulation-impregnation Ni was placed in the center where Fe was on the shell side (Ni/SiO2, Fe (Imp.)). BET, XRD, SEM, TGA and Raman Spectroscopy techniques were used for catalysts characterization. Catalysts were tested in dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction which was specially selected to provide a comprehensive utilization of methane and carbon dioxide. The catalytic activity tests were carried out at 750 °C and atmospheric pressure, using stainless steel, temperature-controlled tube reactor. After 3 h of reaction, Ni,Fe/SiO2 bimetallic core-shell microsphere catalysts with Ni/Fe ratio of 4/1 and 2/1 indicated the highest CH4 conversions (74% and 68%, respectively) and H2/CO (0,72 and 0,69) ratios. Ni,Fe/SiO2 catalysts showed higher activity compared to Ni/SiO2, Fe (Imp.) catalysts and an activity increase for both types of catalysts were observed due to increasing Ni amount in catalyst structure. Ni,Fe/SiO2 catalysts were also determined to be highly resistant against coke formation. A significant resistance against coke formation on active sites was achieved via SiC formation during reaction. The catalyst with best performance (4Ni,1Fe/SiO2) was regenerated after use and tested on following three successive cycles under identical experimental conditions. Results indicated similar activity values with negligible deactivation.

Controlled fabrication of core-shell silica@chiral metal-organic framework for significant improvement chromatographic separation of enantiomers

Chiral metal-organic frameworks (CMOFs) have been explored as potential chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, their application is still hindered by the low column efficiency, high back pressure and the difficulty in column packing due to the irregular shapes and wide size distributions of CMOF particles. Here we report an efficient one-pot method for the immobilization of chiral MOF [Cu2((+)-Cam)2Dabco] (Cu2C2D) onto microspheric silica particles, generating a uniform core-shell microsphere with SiO2@CMOF@CMOF morphology as CSP packing material. Significantly, the shell thickness and the corresponding column efficiency could be rationally regulated by controlling the growth cycles of [Cu2((+)-Cam)2Dabco]. The structure of developed core-shell microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), N2 adsorption experiments, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis. Mechanism involved in the chromatographic separation is the multi-interactions including hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding, etc. Based on these interactions, successful separation could be achieved among different types of racemic compounds such as carboxylic acid, ketones and phenols under normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) condition. In addition, the relative standard deviation (RSD%) value of the retention time for TNPTO was below 1.1% (n = 5), indicating the good repeatability and stability of the chiral SiO2@Cu2C2D-2 column for HPLC enantioseparation. The results reveal that the CMOF coating approach is convenient to fabricate CSP with pre-designed functions of good recognition performance and to facilitate the evolution of CSP in chiral HPLC. Furthermore, the SiO2@Cu2C2D-2 column was successfully employed for the determination of the enantiomeric excess value for TNPTO in the asymmetric Michael addition reaction.

Interface Coassembly and Polymerization on Magnetic Colloids: Toward Core-Shell Functional Mesoporous Polymer Microspheres and Their Carbon Derivatives.

Core–shell structured magnetic mesoporous polymer or carbon‐based microspheres not only possess the combined merits of magnetic particles and stable mesoporous shell but also provide various organic functional groups for further modification and immobilization of active sites, thus opening up more possibility for various applications. Herein, a bottom‐up soft‐templating strategy is developed to controllably synthesize core–shell magnetic mesoporous polydopamine microspheres (MMP) and their derivative magnetic mesoporous carbon (MMC) microspheres via an amphiphilic block copolymer‐directed interface assembly and polymerization (denoted as abc‐DIAP) approach. The obtained uniform MMP microspheres have a well‐defined structure consisting of magnetic core, silica middle layer and mesoporous PDA shell, uniform mesopores of 11.9 nm, high specific surface areas (235.6 m2 g−1) and rich functional groups. They show fast magnetic separation speed and superior performance in selective adsorption of Cyt.C from complex biosample solutions. Moreover, they can be in situ converted into core–shell magnetic mesoporous carbon (MMC) for efficient in‐pore immobilization of ultrafine Au nanoparticles for high‐efficiency catalytic epoxidation of styrene with high conversion (88.6%) and selectivity (90.1%) toward styrene oxide.

Zwitterionic polymer chain-assisted lysozyme imprinted core-shell carbon microspheres with enhanced recognition and selectivity

Constructing imprinting materials with high recognition and selectivity for protein is an always challenge in protein imprinting technology (PIT). In this work, upon the participating of a zwitterionic polymer chain (Poly (1-vinyl-3-sulfopropylimidazolium), PVSP), a lysozyme imprinted core-shell carbon microsphere (CFC-PVSP@MIPs) was prepared by combining template immobilization method and surface imprinting technology. The carboxyl-functionalized carbon microspheres as substrate provided the CFC-PVSP@MIPs satisfactory adsorption capacity (68.1 mg g−1), while the dopamine as a functional monomer and crosslinker allowed the imprinted microspheres to have a thin imprinted shell, thus endowing them a fast adsorption equilibrium rate (120 min). In addition, PVSP could be tightly bound to the imprinted layer through non-covalent interaction, which not only simplified the preparation process of CFC-PVSP@MIPs, but also reduced the non-specific adsorption of imprinted material on proteins. Therefore, the resulting CFC-PVSP@MIPs exhibited a more superior recognition ability towards lysozyme with imprinting factor value of 3.10, compared with the PVSP-free imprinted microsphere (imprinting factor value 1.93). Furthermore, benefiting from the characteristics of zwitterionic groups, CFC-PVSP@MIPs also revealed stronger selectivity in competitive adsorption studies of binary protein mixture samples. Consequently, the proposed strategy would be a promising and convenient way to obtain protein imprinted material with high recognition ability, thus would be conducive to further development and application of PIT.

Research progress on core-shell silica stationary phases for high performance liquid chromatography

Fast and efficient separation by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is challenging for a wide range of samples. In recent years, core-shell silica microspheres have been widely investigated and used for highly efficient and fast separation under reasonably low pressure for small solutes, biopolymers, and complex samples. In this paper, the mechanism for fast separation and preparation methods of core-shell silica microspheres are introduced, along with their application for HPLC-based separation of small molecules, peptides, and biological macromolecules in HPLC. The developing trends of using core-shell microspheres in HPLC are also presented.

Core–Shell Upconversion Nanoparticle@Metal–Organic Framework Nanoprobes for Targeting and Drug Delivery

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are permanently microporous materials. MOFs have become promising candidates as drug delivery hosts because of high specific surface area. In this work, we control preparation of a new core–shell microsphere NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4:Nd@MIL-53 by layer-by-layer self-assembly method. Here upconverting fluorescent nanoparticles (UCNPs) NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4:Nd has potential for bioimaging due to excellent NIR optical property. MIL-53 as a drug carrier for DOX delivery. Folic acid as targeting agent is encapsulated into the above core-shell structured to form new nanocomposite (UCNPs@ MIL-53/FA). We have found that the new core–shell nanocomposites are nontoxic toward human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and can simultaneously achieve targeted therapy and drug delivery are used for the treatment of cancer. This result is expected to provide new ideas and perspectives for the treatment of cancer of the tumor.

Narrow range of zinc oxide core–shell hollow microspheres dopings for mechanical tensile promotion of 110KBPSCCO superconductor

Although substitutions on copper sites always inhibit superconducting properties, the present investigations were successfully promoted mechanical tensile averages for HTc-2223- BPSCCO superconductor with general formula BiPbSr2Ca2Cu3-x(Zn)xO10±δ where x = 0.02, 0.04,0.08 and 0.16 mol respectively in the investigated range without damaging its superconducting features. The study is focusing on the effect of core-shell zinc ions hollow microspheres dopings (x) on the copper sites, where 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.16 mol on the superconducting, mechanical tensile features of 110K-2223-BPSCCO superconductor. The structural and micro-structural features of pure and core shell Zn-doped BPSCCO superconductors samples were carefully investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mechanical tensile measurement indicated that doping ratio (x) with ~0.08 mol is the optimum doping ratio from core shell hollow zinc microspheres achieving maximum tensile average of 51.2 MPa with stroke~0.323 mm acheiving promotion ratio~63.57% in contrast with mechanical tensile measured for pure 2223- BPSCCO superconductor (31.3 MPa with stroke~0.172 mm).

Chiral Metal-Organic Framework d-His-ZIF-8@SiO2 Core-Shell Microspheres Used for HPLC Enantioseparations.

Chiral metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have aroused great attention in the chiral separation field based on their excellent characteristics, including abundant topological structures, large surface area, adjustable pore/channel sizes, multiple active sites, and good chemical stability. However, the irregular morphology and nonuniformity of the synthesized MOF particles cause low column efficiency and high column backpressure for MOF-packed columns, which significantly affects their separation performance. Herein, we prepared a homochiral d-his-ZIF-8@SiO2 composite by growing of d-his-ZIF-8 on the carboxylic-functionalized SiO2 microspheres via a simple one-pot synthesis approach. The d-his-ZIF-8@SiO2 core-shell microspheres with uniform particles and narrow size distribution were applied as the chiral stationary phase (CSP) for enantioseparations in HPLC. Various racemates were separated on the d-his-ZIF-8@SiO2-packed columns with n-hexane/isopropanol as the mobile phase. Eighteen racemates including alcohol, phenol, amine, ketone, and organic acid were well resolved on the homochiral d-his-ZIF-8@SiO2 CSP. The d-his-ZIF-8@SiO2 core-shell microspheres' CSP possesses an excellent chiral resolution ability toward various racemic compounds with good reproducibility and stability. Hence, the fabrication of chiral MOF@SiO2 core-shell microspheres is an effective strategy to improve the application of homochiral MOFs as CSPs in the field of chromatography.

Multifunctional quaternized chitosan@surface plasmon resonance Ag/N-TiO2 core-shell microsphere for synergistic adsorption-photothermal catalysis degradation of low-temperature wastewater and bacteriostasis under visible light

Abstract Chitosan are deemed as a promising candidate to environmentally friendly materials owing to the inexpensive, biodegradable and rich reserves. Nevertheless, the application of chitosan materials still confronts chemical instability and low mechanical strength. In this study, we grow ultrafine nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (chitosan as nitrogen source) on the surface of hollow quaternized chitosan by electrostatic self-assembly, giving a unique core-shell structure. Then, Ag nanoparticles is deposited on the surface of quaternized chitosan@N-TiO2 via a simple photo-deposition process. Our investigations indicate that chitosan has a great adsorption-photothermal catalysis degradation for low-temperature sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) wastewater and gram-negative (E. coli) under visible light. The degradation rate of SDBS wastewater can reach 96.4% within 180 min and E. coli can be inactivated within 120 min. The outstanding degradation performance of QCS@Ag-TiO2 is ascribed to the synergistic effect of the active site of quaternized chitosan, nitrogen doping and surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles. Our work provides a promising design to combine adsorption and photothermal catalysis to prepare a multifunctional material.

Multilayered core–shell high-entropy alloy@Air@La0.8Ca0.2CoO3 microsphere: a magnetic loss-dominated electromagnetic wave absorber

High-entropy alloy (HEA)@Air@La0.8Ca0.2CoO3 multilayered core–shell microsphere has been synthesized as an electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorber. The synthesis was performed by a two-step hydrothermal–calcination method, and the calcination process was changed (350 °C, 450 °C, 650 °C and 800 °C). For morphology analysis, multilayered structure was achieved. Both surface morphology and crystalline phase were changed with the variation of calcination temperature. For EMW absorption properties, it was mainly dominated by magnetic loss in such absorbers. When the calcination temperatures were 350 °C and 450 °C, decent complex permeability was gained. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) was achieved when the calcination temperature was 450 °C, reaching up to − 46.5 dB at the matching thickness of 3.7 mm. Such great EMW absorption efficiency was assisted by good impedance matching between absorber and air and was mainly dominated by attentively design of component and structure, which leads to natural/exchange resonance, eddy current loss, interfacial polarization, multiple reflections/scatterings, etc. Such absorber paves the way for further design of EMW attenuation materials and has great potential for application and scientific research.