Core Concepts Research Articles

„Eine Sprache ausstellen“

Abstract In their attempt to reposition Germany in an international context after World War II, actors from both the fine arts and the literary scene turned to the idea of art as a universal language. Two major projects that shaped the West German cultural sphere in the 1950 s and 1960s – the contemporary art exhibition documenta 2 and Hans Magnus Enzensberger’s anthology Museum der modernen Poesie – placed this idea at their conceptual core. The debates surrounding these projects show, however, that the notion of art as a universal language was as contested as it was compelling. In close readings of paratexts, including previously overlooked archival material, it becomes evident that very different conceptualizations of monolingualism and community are attached to the idea in each context. Evaluating these differences through the lens of translation studies, curatorial studies, and political theory enables a more nuanced discussion of the concept’s post-war renaissance and its ideological implications.

Strolling to Nothingness: Japanese tea gardens and the initiation of Bildung

Abstract Although the alienating journey into the unknown as the fundamental element of transformative education may have gained a paradigmatic expression in the German concept of Bildungsreise, it is neither a solely German or even European concept, nor is it a child of the 18th century: the transformative power of travelling has been acknowledged at least since antiquity in Europe, and comparable reflections and practices have evolved in other parts of the world. This article will introduce one of those examples that may, only on first view though, look quite distinct from what is suggested as Bildungsreise: the strolling on the roji (露地), the path through the tea garden, before entering the chashitsu (茶室), the tea room, to participate in chanoyu (茶の湯), the tea ceremony, as it found its classic form in 16th-century Japan. Discussing this Japanese practice will not only support an intercultural perspective on the educative nature of travel and the relevance of space for the theory and practice of transformative education or Bildung, but also—more relevant from a philosophical point of view—enable an analysis of the conceptual core of the idea of a transformative journey. As will be shown, far from being a special case of education or Bildung, this conceptual structure lies at the very heart of both.

The Technological Nature of “New Sincerity”

Changes in modern communication have led to the transformation of the category of sincerity into a technology (or strategy) of persuasive influence. Increased sensitivity and the illusion of displaying genuine emotions are used not for frank self-expression, but for achieving commercial, ideological, and other goals. In the article, “new sincerity” is examined from the perspective of communication theory and the understanding of effective strategies by communication participants. It is argued that “new sincerity” has several variations with different sets of substantive components. Four models of new sincerity are characterized, each structured according to the significant components identified during the analysis: the scope of the concept of sincerity, the subject of sincerity, the object of influence, the instrument of influence, the conceptual core (integral component), qualifiers of the concept, type of activity; means of carrying out the activity; expected result of the activity. The assumption is made that variations in understanding the linguistic unit new sincerity have emerged as a result of the universality of its structural-and-semantic contour. It is suggested that the word sincerity originally had potential for future transformations due to the practical properties of the reality it denotes. It is shown that the awareness of the unique properties of sincerity has led to its transformation into insincere sincerity as a technology for attracting audiences of different types with different goals.

Культурный код: определение понятия и практическая проблематика феномена: теоретический обзор

The aim of the study is to form a theoretical core of understanding of this phenomenon within the framework of theoretical review of modern concepts of cultural code. The article considers different definitional, structural and functional aspects of the cultural code, reveals its psychic roots and significance in human behavior, structure, sign-symbolic, figurative and value content, the role of a connecting element between the psyche and culture, the function of a communicative element and an interpreter of cultural texts and a cipher encapsulating the main meanings of culture. The significance of the cultural code in ethnic and national forms of human existence, in the construction of social and cultural identity is established. The key problems and risks associated with the defragmentation of the cultural code are outlined: standardization and unification of cultural codes within the framework of globalization, ideological and cultural wars and propaganda, excessive subordination of culture to market and materialistic principles, erosion of traditional values and meanings and at the same time imbalance between traditional and innovative principles in culture, conflictogenicity and disharmony of socio-cultural space as factors of intergroup and international conflicts, destructive processes, and the emergence of new cultural codes. Based on the generalization and synthesis of the obtained knowledge, a new theoretical and conceptual core of the cultural code is formulated as a structure that determines the image-symbolic and value content of culture, its ethnic and national peculiarities, the prospects of development of the sociocultural environment or the mechanisms slowing down this development, as well as the specificity of unconscious thinking and behavior of the people-expressor of the culture and its codes. In the framework of the proposed concept, the cultural code appears as a kind of “genome” of culture, laying the foundations of its development, determining the nature of interaction and human assimilation of its products, serves as a basic mechanism of specific cultural mastering and transformation of the world around people, as well as a decoder that allows (if correctly interpreted) to read the mental characteristics of social groups and influence them in the mental and behavioral sense.

THE CONCEPT OF “JUST WAR”: HORIZON, STRUCTURE, CRITICISM

The concept of “just war” has become politically and scientifically relevant due to the collapse of the “European international system of sovereign states”; in the modern situation of “world disorder” (R. Haas), it becomes an instrument of public rhetoric; the inevitable consequence is the degradation of meaning - philosophical research, thus aimed at the formation of the concept, becomes relevant. Understanding the structure, meaning and scope of the concept of “just war” involves putting it in context; the goal, therefore, is to construct a horizon. The main task is to clarify the meaning of the concept of “just war” as a phenomenon of modernity. The concept of “just war” belongs to the field of ideas, that is, understanding presupposes going beyond the methodological framework of disciplinary science - the trans-boundary can be ensured by using methods developed by philosophical hermeneutics to analyze and identify the meaning of ideas and concepts, as well as understanding the ways in which they have power and determine reality. It is revealed that the reduction of the political to morality and the direct application of moral principles to politics necessarily leads to the degradation of war: the rejection of the “non-discriminatory concept of war” in favor of the concept of “just war” removes any restrictions from armed violence. It is demonstrated that war remains necessary on its periphery as normalization, police operation, “humanitarian intervention; the concept of ’just war’ is a tool for ensuring security. It is concluded that the anti-terrorist war as a police operation to ensure the security of the global liberal political order is the conceptual core of the modern concept of “just war”.

The Effects of Side-Taking on Narrative Entertainment and the Perceptions of Events and Characters

ABSTRACT Media psychologists commonly study how narrative elements (e.g. characters) influence entertainment and perceptions. Research on the sequencing and structure of these elements (i.e. metanarrative; the shape of the story) is less common. In both areas, morality tends to ground theorizing (e.g. disposition theory). To extend knowledge in these domains, we conceptualize and observe the effects of side-taking (i.e. choosing a side during conflict), a core concept in narratives and moral psychology. Dynamic coordination theory explains that side-taking is fundamental to morality because it signals moral judgment/condemnation. In a preregistered experiment (N = 577), we observed how the direction (i.e. siding with/against the protagonists or taking no side) and timing of side-taking (i.e. early, middle, or late in the story) influenced variables at multiple levels of analysis (i.e. micro-to-macro). Although timing did not produce effects, we found robust evidence that the direction of side-taking affected variables at all levels of analysis.

Макроконцепт СВЕТ в романе С. В. Лукьяненко «Мальчик и Тьма»

The purpose of the study is to identify the content and methods of explication of the macro-concept LIGHT in the novel “The Boy and the Darkness” by S. V. Lukyanenko, interpreted as one of three macro-concepts (LIGHT :: DUSK :: DARKNESS), the opposition of which organizes the conceptual sphere of the novel, modifying the opposition of the basic concepts HOME WORLD :: ALIEN WORLD. The scientific novelty of the research consists in identifying the essence of the author’s modification of the symbolic macro-concept LIGHT recurrent in his creative heritage, the macro-concept significant for the Russian national worldview, by means of cognitive-discursive analysis. It has been determined that the macro-concept LIGHT, conceptualized as an object and subject of action, container and content, is explicated discursively at the levels of the plot, images of characters, self-reflection of the protagonist, supplemented by new cognitive features. As a result of the study, it has been established that the content of the conceptual core of the macro-concept LIGHT, formulated by the author, contradicts its perceptual-sensory and symbolic content. Such a contradiction, forming the axiological layer of the concept, serves as the driving force for the maturation of the protagonist, who proceeds from instinctive acceptance to the conscious choice of Light.

Technology isn't enough for Industry 4.0: on SMEs and hindrances to digital transformation

Despite a general lack of examples showcasing seamless implementation of industry 4.0, talks of a human-centric, resilient, and sustainable industry 5.0 have already begun. But are the managers and workers of manufacturing enterprises today even ready for that? Digital transformation is still slow-going, especially within small- and medium-sized companies. Supported by an existing framework and interpretive structural model for digitalisation, we argue that a big part of digital transformation depends on the workers' competencies. Guided by the research question: How can the approach to competence development in SMEs explain patterns of slow digital transformation?, we investigate 30 manufacturing SMEs pursuing digitalisation. While manufacturing companies are aware of the need for additional competencies, few are actively working towards obtaining them. We expand on a theoretical model for smart manufacturing determinants and argue how a scaffold is needed to support SMEs in the early stages of digitalisation to increase understanding of core concepts, i.e. Industry 4.0 concepts and available technologies, data handling, integration capability, upskilling and training, and strategic management capabilities. We propose that a scaffolding approach to competence development can enable knowledge acquisition and the formation of digital transformation strategies.

Simulation in New Zealand: what have you done for me lately? New Zealand Association for Simulation in Healthcare (NZASH) white paper.

Medical simulation has become an integral aspect of modern healthcare education and practice. It has evolved to become an essential aspect of teaching core concepts and skills, common and rare presentations, algorithms and protocols, communication, interpersonal and teamworking skills and testing new equipment and systems. Simulation-based learning (SBL) is useful for the novice to the senior clinician. Healthcare is a complex adaptive system built from very large numbers of mutually interacting subunits (e.g., different professions, departments, equipment). These subunits generate multiple repeated interactions that have the potential to result in rich, collective behaviour that feeds back into the organisation. There is a unique opportunity in New Zealand with the formation of Te Whatu Ora - Health New Zealand and Te Aka Whai Ora - Māori Health Authority and the reorganisation of the healthcare system. This viewpoint is a white paper for the integration of SBL into our healthcare system. We describe our concerns in the current system and list our current capabilities. The way SBL could be implemented in pre- and post-registration phases of practice are explored as well as the integration of communication and culture. Interprofessional education has been shown to improve outcomes and is best done with an interprofessional simulation curriculum. We describe ways that simulation is currently used in our system and describe other uses such as quality improvement, safety and systems engineering and integration. The aim of this viewpoint is to alert Te Whatu Ora and Te Aka Whai Ora of the existing infrastructure of the simulation community in New Zealand and encourage them to invest in its future.

Wellbeing and School Improvement: A Scoping Review

ABSTRACT Over the past decade, the intentional promotion of student and staff wellbeing (i.e., positive states of psychological, cognitive, social and physical being) has become recognized as an essential dimension of quality schooling. This development has coincided with a growing body of research that demonstrates significant correlations between wellbeing and positive school outcomes (i.e., attendance, academic achievement, classroom engagement, disciplinary absences). While this body of literature identifies why wellbeing is important to school improvement, it is not necessarily clear whether it provides insight into how wellbeing may be effectively incorporated into the praxis of school improvement. This paper reports on a scoping review that sought to identify how the construct of wellbeing is presented as an imperative within the school improvement (SI) literature. The review identified that promoting wellbeing in schools as a means of improving school outcomes can be understood through three core concepts: (a) the development of personal wellbeing and academic capability are complementary; (b) significant cultural and structural reform is necessary in schools to enable effective approaches to promoting wellbeing; and (c) a nurturing style leadership is a determining factor in a school’s capability to substantively promote wellbeing. The paper also provides recommendations for further research in this area.

Measuring Commonality in Recommendation of Cultural Content to Strengthen Cultural Citizenship

Recommender systems have become the dominant means of curating cultural content, significantly influencing the nature of individual cultural experience. While the majority of academic and industrial research on recommender systems optimizes for personalized user experience, this paradigm does not capture the ways that recommender systems impact cultural experience in the aggregate, across populations of users. Although existing novelty, diversity, and fairness studies probe how recommender systems relate to the broader social role of cultural content, they do not adequately center culture as a core concept and challenge. In this work, we introduce commonality as a new measure of recommender systems that reflects the degree to which recommendations familiarize a given user population with specified categories of cultural content. Our proposed commonality metric responds to a set of arguments developed through an interdisciplinary dialogue between researchers in computer science and the social sciences and humanities. With reference to principles underpinning public service media (PSM) systems in democratic societies, we identify universality of address and content diversity in the service of strengthening cultural citizenship as particularly relevant goals for recommender systems delivering cultural content. We develop commonality as a measure of recommender system alignment with the promotion of a shared cultural experience of, and exposure to, diverse cultural content across a population of users. Moreover, we advocate for the involvement of human editors accountable to a larger value community as a fundamental part of defining categories in the service of cultural citizenship. We empirically compare the performance of recommendation algorithms using commonality with existing utility, diversity, novelty, and fairness metrics using three different domains. Our results demonstrate that commonality captures a property of system behavior complementary to existing metrics and suggests the need for alternative, non-personalized interventions in recommender systems oriented to strengthening cultural citizenship across populations of users. Moreover, commonality demonstrates both consistent results under different editorial policies and robustness to missing labels and users. Alongside existing fairness and diversity metrics, commonality contributes to a growing body of scholarship developing “public good” rationales for digital media and machine learning systems.

Competence And Acceptance: Two Core Components Within the Process of Resilience.

Competence And Acceptance: Two Core Components Within the Process of Resilience.

How to Evaluate Augmented Reality Embedded in Lesson Planning in Teacher Education

How to Evaluate Augmented Reality Embedded in Lesson Planning in Teacher Education

A Comprehensive Exploration of the Capital Asset Pricing Model

Abstract - In this comprehensive paper, we embark on a journey to explore the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) in both theoretical depth and practical breadth. Beginning with an introduction that traces its historical origins and fundamental principles, we delve into the model's theoretical underpinnings, elucidating its core concepts and underlying assumptions. Transitioning from theory to practice, we provide a detailed roadmap for the CAPM's real-world implementation, offering practical insights through examples and case studies. Throughout, we address the model's significance as a foundational pillar of finance, its enduring relevance in contemporary markets, and the practical nuances and limitations that both newcomers and seasoned professionals must navigate to make informed investment decisions. This paper aims to empower readers with a comprehensive understanding of the CAPM, bridging the gap between its theoretical elegance and its practical utility in today's multifaceted financial landscape

Topological deep learning: a review of an emerging paradigm

Topological deep learning (TDL) is an emerging area that combines the principles of Topological data analysis (TDA) with deep learning techniques. TDA provides insight into data shape; it obtains global descriptions of multi-dimensional data whilst exhibiting robustness to deformation and noise. Such properties are desirable in deep learning pipelines, but they are typically obtained using non-TDA strategies. This is partly caused by the difficulty of combining TDA constructs (e.g. barcode and persistence diagrams) with current deep learning algorithms. Fortunately, we are now witnessing a growth of deep learning applications embracing topologically-guided components. In this survey, we review the nascent field of topological deep learning by first revisiting the core concepts of TDA. We then explore how the use of TDA techniques has evolved over time to support deep learning frameworks, and how they can be integrated into different aspects of deep learning. Furthermore, we touch on TDA usage for analyzing existing deep models; deep topological analytics. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future prospects of topological deep learning.

영상분석을 활용한 충청북도의 유튜브 홍보 전략에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to present a developmental model by analyzing the promotion and production strategies of local governments' YouTube channels. When the 8th popular election was launched, Chungcheongbuk-do, which recorded the ‘number of subscribers’ in the lowest ranks in the country, increased the number of subscribers to 3.5 in about a year, winning the grand prize in the ‘SNS of the Year Award’ part of the local government. The promotion and production strategy for YouTube in Chungcheongbuk-do can provide strategies for operating SNS channels of other local governments. The research method examined the causal relationship between the ‘title outlet and video concept’ of the video, and conducted content analysis to derive promotion and production strategies. As a result of analyzing the title concept (emphasis on the place, highlighting the concept) and the video concept (core person, core place, core concept), it was found that there is a causal relationship of the mutual organic narrative structure. The promotion strategies of YouTube in Chungcheongbuk-do were ① policy promotion, ② tourism promotion, ③ agricultural information, and ④ regional image and channel promotion, and the production strategy was ① familiar characters and ② experience highlights, ③ interest increases, and ④ show platform production. This study is meaningful as a study on YouTube channels of a very few local governments, where the number of subscriptions has increased rapidly in a short period of time, and it is worth using it for future local government YouTube research. However, there is a limit to the inability to conduct research on various factors such as production and editing subjects, content indicators (comments, etc.), and subtitles, so I hope that three-dimensional research will be conducted in subsequent studies.

A distributed route network planning method with congestion pricing for drone delivery services in cities

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based commercial services, exemplified by drone delivery, have captured wide interest in tech companies, entrepreneurs, and policymakers. Structured route-based UAV operations have been implemented for traffic management of UAVs in support of commercial delivery services in cities. Yet, its essence, multi-path planning with constraints is not well solved in the existing literature. Centralized planning might result in inefficiencies and unfairness in the allocation of precious urban airspace to individual routes. This paper describes a novel distributed route planning method to support UAV operations in a high-density urban environment. The method allows each origin–destination (OD) pair to compete against other OD pairs for an optimized route (e.g. shortest distance), coordinated by a system-level evaluation, leading to a network design that maximizes the performance of not only the individual routes but also the entire system. The core concept is the introduction of congestion pricing, a soft constraint to coordinate the allocation of airspace. The method is tested in standard 2D scenarios and compared with other state-of-the-art methods. The results show that (1) the method is able to generate routes with short individual distances as well as occupying the least airspace by the route network; (2) in some complex scenarios, the method is able to find a solution in a short period of time while other state-of-the-art method fails. The method has also been applied to a real urban environment (Mong Kok in Hong Kong) to demonstrate its capability.

Piezoelectric-pneumatic material jetting printing for non-contact conformal fabrication of high-temperature thick-film sensors

Conformal printing of high-temperature thick-film sensors (TFSs) on intricate surfaces is crucial for precise integration and enhanced functionality. However, traditional contact printing faces challenges in terms of the complex motion control of 3D surfaces. With the core concept of non-contact printing, this study employs piezoelectric-pneumatic material jetting (PPMJ) to achieve rapid and uniform manufacturing of complex and multi-material conformal TFSs. PPMJ enables a wide viscosity range (50–100,000 mPa.s) and high solid content (60 wt%), accommodating various types of inks, from insulating to semiconductor materials to high-temperature alloy slurries, thus providing a broad operational window for shape control and performance modulation in the conformal manufacturing of TFSs on curved surfaces. Microscale shape control of ceramic ink features, including a parallel three-phase contact line, uniform print dimensions, and post-curing shape control, was systematically investigated. PPMJ printing facilitates the successful in situ fabrication of multi-layer TFSs, featuring the self-assembly of droplets and dependable printing consistency, with nozzle-to-substrate heights ranging from 1 to 10 mm, thus advancing the structural arrangement, design, and manufacturing of conformal multi-layer TFSs on curved surfaces. For example, the polymer-derived ceramic heat flux sensor printed by PPMJ demonstrates repeatable high-temperature responsiveness and can be integrated on the surface of turbine blades, withstanding thermal impacts from flames exceeding 800 °C. Hence, PPMJ printing technology opens new possibilities for the conformal manufacturing of various sensors on complex 3D surfaces.

A Hybrid Heavy Duty Diesel Power System for Off-Road Applications—Concept Validation

Abstract A multiyear power system R&D program was completed with the objective of developing an off-road hybrid heavy duty diesel engine with front end accessory drive-integrated energy storage. This system was validated to deliver 10.5–25.6% reduction in fuel consumption over current Tier 4 Final-based 18L diesel engines, over various off-road machine application cycles. The power system consisted of a downsized heavy-duty diesel 13L engine containing advanced combustion technologies, capable of elevated peak cylinder pressures and thermal efficiencies, thermal barrier coatings, exhaust waste heat recovery via SuperTurbo™ turbocompounding, and hybrid energy assisting and recovery through both mechanical and electrical systems. Following the concept definition, design, and analysis phases of the program, the final phase focused on building and validating the performance and efficiency in laboratory tests. While aspects of the system such as start/stop and reduced off-road cooling package energy losses were only analytically evaluated, the main 13L concept engine with full hybrid system was successfully built and tested in steady-state and in transient certification and real-world application cycles. Extensive simulations in Caterpillar's DYNASTY™ software environment utilized the validation test data to assess performance more fully and confidently over varied cycles and strategies. An average fuel consumption reduction of 17.9% was realized, and the majority (∼13%) of the benefit stemmed from the core concept 13L engine. To conclude, a total cost of ownership analysis provides context to commercial viability and where adoption focus should be placed.

Sustainable supply chain governance: A literature review

AbstractGovernance is one of the core concepts underlying sustainable supply chain (SC). Although governance practices are widely acknowledged and implemented, literature discussing those practices is not as thoroughly organized. The purpose of this paper is therefore to investigate the forms, dynamics, and development of sustainable supply chain governance (SSCG). We reviewed a total of 126 articles in operations and SC management peer‐reviewed journals spanning 15 years of recent research. Our literature analysis unveils several key themes concerning the popularity of contractual and relational governance, the role of SC lead firms, the network perspective, and the dynamics of governance mechanisms. At a higher conceptual level, we conclude that there exists a mutually dependent relationship between SSCG and SC complexity. The study summarizes and conceptualizes the recent scholarly conversations about SSCG and offers an agenda for further research.