Copyright Protection Of Digital Images Research Articles

A Fingerprint-Based Digital Images Watermarking for Identity Authentication

In this paper the combination of fingerprint verification methods with watermarkingtechnology to provide copyright protection and authentication of digital images is proposed. The goalof this study is to investigate how watermarking processing affects the quality of biometric watermarks.Performed experiments showed that extracted fingerprint images have roughly equal verification performance even if some watermarked images undergo additional degradation. Proposed methodologywill be improved using more sophisticated fingerprint verification methods and subsequently incorporated into multimodal watermarking schemes.

Watermarked and Noisy Images identification Based on Statistical Evaluation Parameters

A watermark scheme is an important technique for copyright protection of digital images. Digital watermarking is the process of computer-aided information hiding in a carrier signal. The main interest of this paper is copyright protection, and it takes into consideration four important aspects: (i) Implementation the images watermarking by Least Significant Bit method (LSB) for JPEG gray images using invisible watermark, (ii) Evaluation the watermarking images using different statistical parameters, (iii) Identifying watermark images from noisy images by showing that the difference in results using open set identification, (iv) Proposing threshold equations that can be used to differentiate among noisy and watermarked images based on the used statistical parameters of the tested images. By comparing the image quality, obtained by the proposed method with the calculated statistical metrics like Variance, Standard Deviation, Kurtosis and Skewness. The results are promising and give us a great indication to differentiate between the images of watermarking and noisy images.

Adaptive Halftone Watermarking Algorithm Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

Digital watermarking has been widely used in copyright protection for digital images, but most of the watermarking algorithm can't resist print-and-scan process. Print-and-scan attack is a challenging problem for most of digital watermarks. A watermarking algorithm against print-and-scan attack based on PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) is proposed in this paper. The watermark information is embedded in a halftone process for image screening with phase modulation method. The watermark is extracted by a template, which is optimized using the PSO algorithm. Both mean filtering and median filtering are used to remove noise from the recovered watermark image. The experimental results show the halftone watermarking algorithm optimized using PSO has better performance, it is robust under smearing attack and cropping attack, and has good resistance to print-and-scan process. It can be applied in the field of anti-counterfeit printing.

A Novel Watermarking Algorithm based on SURF and SVD

Protection against geometric distortions and common image processing operations becomes a much challenging task in image watermarking. To achieve this, a novel watermarking algorithm based on Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) was presented for digital image copyright protection. By introducing the SURF’s key points matching and geometric distortion estimation, the attacked watermarked image could be corrected and the watermark synchronization was realized. In this way, the feature regions of the host image, which were used for information hiding, could be correctly detected by the improved Harris-Laplace corner detector even after signal processing and geometric attacks. Finally, the watermark information were embedded into the U matrix of SVD of the host image. The application of the proposed scheme makes the watermark capable of transparent hiding. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our technique performs better than traditional methods under different attacks. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i3.2305

A robust zero-watermarking scheme using Canny edge detector

By expansion of digital multimedia and networking technology, the problem of ownership protection has become increasingly important. Digital watermarking is an efficient way for copyright protection of digital images. Traditional watermarking techniques degrade the quality of host image by embedding a watermark logo. Facing this problem, a new watermarking approach called zero-watermarking has been proposed. In zero-watermarking methods, the watermark does not require to be embedded into the protected image but it uses both the watermark and the protected image to generate a verification map which is registered to a trusted authority for further protection. In this paper we propose a robust zero-watermarking method which uses Canny edge detection and morphological dilation. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed scheme is robust against common geometric and non-geometric attacks including blurring, JPEG compression, noise addition, sharpening, scaling, rotation, and cropping. In addition, our experimental results show that our method could outperform the most recent related methods in most cases.

Adaptive visible watermarking in Hadamard domain for digital images

A novel approach for adaptive visible watermarking algorithm using Hadamard transformation technique is proposed in this paper for copyright protection of digital images. In this work, watermark is inserted into luminance component of a cover image and hence the proposed scheme could be used for both colour and monochrome images. In order to maintain quality of the given cover image as well as the visibility of inserted watermark, calculation of scaling and embedding factors is automated using the content of cover image. The performance of the proposed watermarking algorithm is tested with different types of greyscale/colour images and the results show the efficiency of the proposed work. The visibility of embossed watermark is evident from the results obtained without much degradation in quality of the underlying cover image. The statistical observations further strengthen the claim.

On domain selection for additive, blind image watermarking

Abstract. Recently, a variety of digital watermarking schemes have been developed for copyright protection of digital images. In robust watermarking, which is used in copyright protection, transform-based algorithms are used to ensure resilience of the watermark to common signal processing attacks. The most frequently used watermarking algorithms for additive watermark embedding involve DCT, DFT, SVD and DWT domains. In this article we verify which domain is optimal for robust, the additive watermark embedding scheme. We demonstrate that in additive watermark embedding the embedding domain plays more important role than the embedding formula.

A Comparative Study of Digital Watermarking Techniques in Frequency Domain

Digital watermarking is hiding the information inside a digital media. Its widely used in copyright protection of digital images .This paper presents a comparative study of digital watermarking techniques in frequency domain and explores the role of Discrete cosine transform DCT, Discrete wavelet transform DWT and Contourlet transform CT in generating robust embedding technique that resist various attacks. The experimental results show the superiority of CT-based watermarking over DWT and DCT watermarking techniques, the quality of the watermarked image is excellent, it can include huge amount of hidden data, but it's not much better than other techniques in resisting attacks.

A Visual Cryptography Based Digital Image Copyright Protection

A method for creating digital image copyright protection is proposed in this paper. The proposed method in this paper is based on visual cryptography defined by Noor and Shamir. The proposed method is working on selection of random pixels from the original digital image instead of specific selection of pixels. The new method proposed does not require that the watermark pattern to be embedded in to the original digital image. Instead of that, verification information is generated which will be used to verify the ownership of the image. This leaves the marked image equal to the original image. The method is based on the relationship between randomly selected pixels and their 8-neighbors’ pixels. This relationship keeps the marked image coherent against diverse attacks even if the most significant bits of randomly selected pixels have been changed by attacker as we will see later in this paper. Experimental results show the proposed method can recover the watermark pattern from the marked image even if major changes are made to the original digital image.

REGION OF NON-INTEREST BASED DIGITAL IMAGE WATERMARKING USING NEURAL NETWORKS

Copyrights protection of digital data become inevitable in current world. Digital watermarks have been recently proposed as secured scheme for copyright protection, authentication, source tracking, and broadcast monitoring of video, audio, text data and digital images. In this paper a method to embed a watermark in region of non-interest (RONI) and a method for adaptive calculation of strength factor using neural network are proposed. The embedding and extraction processes are carried out in the transform domain by using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Finally, the algorithm robustness is tested against noise addition attacks and geometric distortion attacks. The results authenticate that the proposed watermarking algorithm does not degrade the quality of cover image as the watermark is inserted only in region of non-interest and is resistive to attacks.

Захист цифрової фотографії за допомогою цифрових водяних знаків

Digital photography has become an integral part of our life and technology of its creation. It meets the requirements of modernity and it is a very laborious process which often connected with use of advanced technologies. At the same time along with the proliferation of photographic works with using modern technology the copyright protection for digital images remains unsolved inUkrainenow. It is connected with the possibility to copy and distribute digital photograph outside the author’s control. Digital photo is very easy copied without worsening image quality in comparison with original, which obviously leads to disappearance of photo-piracy obstacles especially at the placing a file or photo in the Internet. Therefore the researches for development the author copyright protection at the creating of pictures are an actual problem. This article has been devoted to variants of this task solution.In the article the main advantages and disadvantages of digital images, methods of protecting digital photos, analyzes their reliability and possible options to protect copyrighted digital photo have been presented. There were offered new options for protecting digital photography at early stage of its development. Phase algorithm of development a digital watermark for images protection have been shown.

Wavelet-based watermarking algorithms: theory, applications and critical aspects

The copyright protection of digital images is a critical element for multimedia applications on Web, electronic libraries and virtual image galleries. Since the middle of the nineties, digital watermarking techniques have been proposed as a streamlined solution to solve the copyright problem. In this article we present the difficulties occurred during the construction and the experimentation of our wavelet-based watermarking algorithm. In fact we faced the classical watermarking problems such as computational cost, imperceptibility and robustness. In addition to these critical aspects we had to resolve problems concerning the application of watermarking techniques on a real database Web gallery.

Watermarking software in practical applications

In the recent years, several digital watermarking applications have been developed for copyright protection of digital images. In this article we have tested how they perform in practical applications. We have identified the most common operations performed by professional photographers and web developers, and tested the robustness of watermarks embedded using the applications for copyright watermarking. Our aim was to prove that commercially available software does not meet the requirements of photography and web industry. We have also identified areas in which the software should be improved in order to meet current and future requirements of the industry.

Digital Image Authentication

Digital image authentication refers to all the techniques performing anti-falsification, digital image copyright protection, or access control. A large number of DIA techniques have been developed to authenticate digital images, including cryptography-based digital image authentication CBDIA techniques and data-hiding-based digital image authentication DHBDIA techniques. This paper not only provides some practical applications on image authentication, but also describes general frameworks of image watermarking and the general techniques, including robust watermarking, fragile watermarking, and semi-fragile watermarking. This paper also addresses the potential issues on future research directions, including managing the PRNU database, development of advanced PRNU-based blind authentication techniques, and search for digital fingerprints.

Colour Image Watermarking using Bi-Orthogonal Wavelet Transform

proposed method provides copyright protection for digital images. This watermarking algorithm embeds a logo invisibly into the colour biomedical image which is decomposed using bi- orthogonal wavelet transform using two pn-sequences. Bi- orthogonal wavelets have the property of perfect reconstruction and smoothness. The colour cover image is decomposed into R, G, B channels and blue channel is selected for watermarking. The blue channel is decomposed into n-levels using bi-orthogonal wavelet transform and mid-frequency bands LH and HL are selected for embedding. The prosed method is verified for different cover images and with different watermaks. The robustness of this algorithm is tested against various types of image processing operations and geometric attacks such as Salt and pepper noise, Gaussian noise, Poisson noise, Compression, Rotation, Scaling and Cropping.

Robust Image Watermarking in the Wavelet Domain

The growth of new imaging technologies has created a need for techniques that can be used for copyright protection of digital images. In this paper, a new and robust spread spectrum basedwatermarking scheme has been proposed.The proposed scheme depend on both Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). First, we decompose the image by DWT into asingle level. Then, the approximation part is divided into blocks. The embedding is done in an adaptive fashion depending on the mean (M) of the block. A chaotic sequence of real numbers, depends on asecret key, is embedded as a watermark in the DCT coefficients of the selected blocks. Detection stage generates a watermark which would be compared with the original watermark, by the correlation measure, to determine the existing of the watermark or not. Different tests have been experimented to explain the transparency and the robust of the proposed scheme.

Watermarking algorithm for resisting local nonlinear geometric attacks based on normed centre of gravity

An image watermarking scheme based on Normed Centre of Gravity NCG and lifting-based wavelet resisting nonlinear geometrical attacks was proposed to achieve the copyright protection of digital image in this paper.Firstly the watermark image was preprocessed by employing scrambled.Secondly wavelet transformation based three-level lifting for the original image was conducted and then NCGs were detected from the low frequency and high frequency components then the feature vector was generated by taking distances between NCGs.Finally the copyright information was obtained by calculating the watermark and feature vector.The experimental results show that the scheme can well withstand local nonlinear geometric attacks meanwhile security of the algorithm is guaranteed by using secret keys.

On the use of Schur Decomposition for Copyright Protection of Digital Images

This paper presents a robust image watermarking scheme for copyright protection of digital images. In this work, Schur decomposition of host image is explored for watermarking . Watermark image is embedded in the two decompositions of Schur decomposition. Schur decomposition is computationally faster and robust to image attacks than Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). Watermark image is embedded in the D component using scalar quantization. A copy of the watermark is embedded in the columns of U matrix using comparison of the coefficients with respect to the watermark image. Since same watermark is embedded in both U matrix and D matrix the robustness is improved. The proposed algorithm is more secure and robust to various attacks, viz., JPEG2000 compression, JPEG compression, rotation, scaling, cropping, row-column blanking, row-column copying, salt and pepper noise, filtering and gamma correction. Superior experimental results are observed with the proposed algorithm over a recent scheme proposed by Chung et al. in terms of Normalized Cross correlation (NCC) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR).

Multiple spatial watermarking technique in color images

This paper presents a novel multiple digital watermarking technique for the copyright protection of digital color images. In order to improve the robustness against cropping attacks, a binary watermark image is divided into four parts. Each is encrypted by a secret key and embedded into different regions of the blue component of the color image in the spatial domain. Watermark extraction is based on the comparisons between the original intensity pixel values and the corresponding watermarked intensity pixel values in blocks of size 8 × 8. The watermark-extracted bits are determined using the probabilities of detecting bit ‘1’ or bit ‘0’. The watermark can be extracted in several parts depending on the size of the host image, but only four of these are selected by a correlation coefficient detector and used to reconstruct the extracted watermark. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme successfully makes the watermark perceptually invisible and robust for a wide range of attacks, including JPEG-loss compression, median filtering, low pass filtering, rotation, rotation-scaling, rotation-crop, image cropping, image scaling, and self-similarity attacks.

제거 가능한 로고 워터마킹 기법

In this paper, we propose a removable logo watermarking technique for copyright protection of digital image. Then, visible logo is inserted into digital image to protect copyright, and the information removed by the logo is embedded by a new quantization watermarking. In a legal usage, the image can be reconstructed without logo after watermarking detection process. Experiment results show that the proposed method maintains high image quality in both watermarked images and reconstructed images, and is practical and effective in protection of image copyright.