Co-production Of CO Research Articles

Ga-Based Ga@In4Ag9/Cu for CO2 Electroreduction to CO in a Three-Chamber Electrolyzer: With NaOH and Cl2 as Byproducts.

Electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2RR) using renewable energy offers a sustainable approach for generating valuable chemicals. In this study, a three-chamber electrolyzer was utilized for the direct coproduction of CO, Cl2, and NaOH from CO2 and NaCl electrolysis, contributing to net CO2 consumption and supporting industries like phosgene synthesis. To improve the electrolyzer performance, a Ga-based metal composite catalyst (Ga@In4Ag9/Cu) was developed. This catalyst efficiently reduced CO2 to CO during long-term electrolysis, achieving a CO partial current density of 147.16 mA·cm-2 and a faradaic efficiency of 93.1% at -2.4 V (vs SHE). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that Ag atoms modulate the d-band center of Ga@In4Ag9/Cu, enhancing its interaction with the reaction intermediates. This work introduces a Ga-based porous catalyst for CO2 electrolysis in organic electrolytes, offering a promising system for the coproduction of CO, Cl2, and NaOH through a coupled reaction.

Analisis Future Value dan Present Value Terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba Produk Hydro Coco di PT. Sanghiang Perkasa (Kalbe Nutrional Kn7) Jalan Kima Makassar

“Analysis of Future Value and Present Value on Profit Growth of Hydro Coco Products at PT. Sanghiang Perkasa (Kalbe Nutritional Kn7) Jalan Kima Makassar.” Supervised by Meldilianus N J Lenas and Ihsan Guntur. This study aims to analyze the impact of Future Value and Present Value on the profit growth of Hydro Coco products at PT. Sanghiang Perkasa. The research sample consists of primary data from financial reports for the 2019-2023 period, which will be analyzed using the SmartPLS analysis tool. The analysis results reveal that Future Value (FV) has a significant positive effect on profit growth, and Present Value (PV) also has a significant positive effect on profit growth. The FV and PV analyses can help the company evaluate investments by considering cash flows to optimize the profit growth of PT. Sanghiang Perkasa’s Hydro Coco products in the future.

The Flour Source’s Role as a Fermentation Substrate Influences the Physical Attributes of Nata de Coco

The production of coconut water in Indonesia is very abundant, but there are problems with its utilization. Discarding unused coconut water often results in an unpleasant odor, as fermentation produces acetic acid pollution. Coconut water has an economic value and is rich in nutrients. One product that can be made from coconut water is nata via fermentation. Making nata requires a source of carbon that can be obtained from flour and is influenced by its type. Thus, this study aims to examine the effect of adding different types of flour as a source of carbon for fermentation in making nata de coco. We use corn, tapioca, rice, and modified cassava flour (mocaf), along with granulated sugar as a sample control. The resulting nata de coco is analyzed for its physical characteristics, including yield, moisture content, and nata thickness. The results showed that nata made using carbon sources from rice flour produced the greatest yield (69.55%), as well as the highest thickness (3.958 mm). Nata, derived from rice flour, also has the highest moisture content (>85%). The study's results indicate that the selection of flour as a carbon source during nata de coco production significantly impacts its yield, thickness, and moisture content

Efficient nata de coco production of Komagataeibacter nataicola driven by microbiota-fermented coconut water: Biological and structural characteristics

Nata de coco is a traditional fermented food, chemically known as bacterial cellulose (BC), widely used in the food industry, personal care, and biomaterial areas. In the nata de coco industry, microbiota-fermented coconut water (FCW) has been regarded as a highly efficient medium for improving BC synthesis by Komagataeibacter spp. However, its effects on the biological properties of the strains of Komagataeibacter and structural characteristics of BC remain unknown, resulting in unstable production and BC quality. This study aimed to explore the biological properties of K. nataicola, the characteristics of BC structure and reasons for the efficiency under the effect of FCW. The results showed that FCW could increase the BC yield of K. nataicola by 2.03–4.75 times, the uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase activity by 10–45.3 times, and the hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, or pyruvate kinase activities by 2 times. The extracellular metabolite profile of K. nataicola showed that its glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway was significantly stimulated and the utilization of erythritol obviously increased. These phenomena might be attributed to the use of ethanol, lactate, xylitoland mannitol in FCW by K. nataicola. In addition, the structural characteristics of BC produced in FCW included higher number of hydrogen bonds, thinner fibrils, a looser three-dimensional network, improved porosity and greater mechanical strength. This study offered novel insights into the BC synthesis of K. nataicola and the BC structural characteristics cultivated in FCW, providing valuable references for the efficient production and potential applications of both nata de coco and BC.

Core-Shell Structured Cobalt Sulfide/C. I. Pigment Yellow 53 Photocatalysts with Abundant Sulfur Vacancies for Efficient Photocatalytic Co-Production of Xylonic Acid and CO.

Photocatalytic biorefinery has been gaining increasing attention as a promising method for utilizing biomass and solar energy, yet it still faces the key challenge of designing stable, efficient, and cost-effective photocatalysts. In this study, cobalt sulfide/ C. I. Pigment Yellow 53 composite photocatalysts (CoS/PY53-CSx) with a core-shell structure, which has abundant sulfur (S) vacancies, are developed using a simple hydrothermal method. The CoS nanocage with S vacancies not only offers numerous active sites but also enhances the light-trapping performance of PY53. Moreover, the internal electric field within the core-shell CoS/PY53-CSx further enhances charge separation/transfer efficiency while reducing electron transfer resistance, thereby boosting photocatalytic activity. Remarkably, 75.2% of xylonic acid and 22.8µmol of CO from xylose are obtained using CoS/PY53-CS0.1 in an air atmosphere. Recycling experiments demonstrate that CoS/PY53-CS0.1 exhibits excellent recyclability due to the strong bonding force between the core and shell. In addition, electron spin resonance characterization combined with poisoning experiments suggests that h+ and ·O2 - serve as the main oxidation active species during this system. This work presents a simple and cost-effective method for efficient photocatalytic biorefinery.

Strategi Lobi dan Negosiasi Dalam Membangun Kepercayaan Sponsorship Studi Kasus : Produk Hydro Coco

This research examines the lobbying and negotiation strategies in building trust in Hydro Coco's sponsorship as an isotonic drink. The method used is descriptive qualitative with literature study approach. The findings showed that Hydro Coco implemented marketing strategies through proper segmentation, targeting, and positioning. The performance strategy was applied by sending creative proposals to the event organizers, while negotiations focused on unveiling the logo and product sections at the event. Hydro Coco also used various promotional tactics such as offering free samples, product bonuses, price discounts, personal selling, and direct marketing. This study concludes that effective lobbying and negotiation strategies can increase sponsorship trust and increase consumer loyalty to Hydro Coco products.

Evaluation of sanitation standard operating procedure (SSOP) implementation in nata de coco production process in micro-scale industry in Tempel, Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region

The Standard Operational Sanitation System (SSOP) is a critical component in ensuring the safety of food products in the industry. Although SSOP has been implemented, many businesses still face challenges in effectively implementing it. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the SSOP in the small-scale UMKM (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) coconut jelly industry and identify areas that require improvement. The study involved direct observations and interviews with relevant personnel, and the necessary data for analysis was collected. The findings of the research indicate that there are several weaknesses that require attention, including equipment maintenance deficiencies, personal hygiene, and inadequate cleaning procedures. This study underlines the importance of continuous monitoring and improvement in SSOP to enhance product safety and compliance with sanitation regulations. The research provides specific recommendations to address the identified shortcomings, including additional training for personnel and a review of cleaning procedures. We hope that these observations will provide valuable insights for other coconut jelly industries to improve the quality and safety of their products.

Evaluating the Efficiency of Activated Sludge Processes in Treating Industrial Wastewater from Nata De Coco Production

Evaluating the Efficiency of Activated Sludge Processes in Treating Industrial Wastewater from Nata De Coco Production

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum causes the abnormal fermentation of bacterial cellulose by Komagataeibacter nataicola during nata de coco production

Nata de coco, chemically known as bacterial cellulose (BC), is mostly manufactured in Southeast Asian countries and Hainan, China. Failures happened frequently due to the open fermentation system of nata de coco, especially in winter and spring. This study investigated the differences between normal and abnormal fermentation processes in a nata de coco manufacturing factory. Results revealed significant variations in microbial composition and metabolite profiles between abnormal and normal fermentation batches. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GPb4103 was further isolated and screened from the abnormal fermentation broth to investigate its potential inhibitory effect on BC synthesis of Komagataeibacter nataicola JY6211. Although co-culturing the strain JY6211 and L. plantarum GPb4103 resulted in synergistic growth, BC yield decreased by up to 53%. The KEGG pathway analysis of differential metabolites showed that the GPb4103 hindered BC synthesis of the JY6211 by altering accumulation of metabolites in the fermentation broth through metabolic pathways. This study provides new insights into how specific microbes could affect BC synthesis of K. nataicola during nata de coco production, thereby illuminating challenges faced in commercial BC production, such as inconsistent products quality and problematic production processes.

Efficient CO and acrolein co-production via paired electrolysis

Efficient CO and acrolein co-production via paired electrolysis

Nata De Coco Production with Addition of Antocyanin from Mangosteen Peel Extract

Nata De Coco Production with Addition of Antocyanin from Mangosteen Peel Extract

Exploring the biotic and abiotic drivers influencing nata de coco production by Komagataeibacter nataicola in pre-fermented coconut water

In China and Southeast Asia, pre-fermented coconut water is commonly used for the production of nata de coco, a jelly-like fermented food that consists of bacterial cellulose (BC). The inherent natural fermentation process of coconut water introduces uncontrollable variables, which can lead to unstable yields during BC production. This study involved the collection of spontaneously pre-fermented coconut water over a five-month production cycle. The aim was to evaluate the microbiota and metabolite profile, as well as determine its impact on BC synthesis by Komagataeibacter nataicola. Significant variations in the microbial community structure and metabolite profile of pre-fermented coconut water were observed across different production months, these variations had significant effects on BC synthesis by K. nataicola. A total of 52 different bacterial genera and 32 different fungal genera were identified as potential biotic factors that can influence BC production. Additionally, several abiotic factors, including lactate (VIP = 4.92), mannitol (VIP = 4.22), ethanol (VIP = 2.67), and ascorbate (VIP = 1.61), were found to be potential driving forces affecting BC synthesis by K. nataicola. Upon further analysis, the correlation network indicated that 14 biotic factors had a significant contribution to BC production in three strains of K. nataicola. These factors included 8 bacterial genera, such as Limosilactobacillus and Lactiplantibacillus, and 6 fungal genera, such as Meyerozyma and Ogataea. The abiotic factors lactate, mannitol, and ethanol showed a positive correlation with the BC yield. This study provides significant insights into controlling the fermentation processes of pre-fermented coconut water in industrial settings.

Support effects in vanadium incipient wetness impregnation for oxidative and non-oxidative propane dehydrogenation catalysis

Oxidative propane dehydrogenation with carbon dioxide (OPDH) is an attractive technology, co-producing carbon monoxide and propylene with a potentially negative greenhouse gas balance. Vanadium oxide containing materials are a promising class of catalysts for such process. In this study, we introduce vanadium into a range of micro- and mesoporous aluminosilicate materials by incipient wetness impregnation with NH4VO3 and the complexing agent oxalic acid, targeting a surface density of 0.6 V atoms per nm² of pristine support. Aspects of this impregnation procedure and its interaction with the support are discussed in the context of potential sources of variability in the dispersion of VOx species within the catalyst materials. The results indicate no formation of a monolayer of vanadium species, and differences in catalyst dispersion are discernible through comprehensive characterization techniques, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, H2-TPR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The materials are evaluated for the catalytic CO2-assisted propane dehydrogenation in two pressure regimes while being compared to classic non-oxidative propane dehydrogenation (PDH). Results are analyzed using a multivariable analysis of reactants and products, which provided valuable insights for catalyst design. The larger pore material with few acid sites (MCM-41 with Si/Al = 180) demonstrates the highest activity in terms of PDH and high pressure OPDH, i.e. high propane conversion and quasi-equivalent propylene production with similar CO2 co-conversion and CO co-production). Yet, in terms of responding to the introduction of CO2, the zeolites seem to respond better in terms of producing less H2 for only a small decrease in propylene. These microporous materials, except for the most acidic aluminous BEA, exhibit a significant increase in their production rates when increasing the total pressure in OPDH.

Crystalline phase transformation of Sr-Fe based oxygen carriers modulate the cyclic performance for syngas and CO coproduction in chemical looping ethanol reforming coupled with CO2 splitting

The chemical looping reforming coupled with CO2 splitting (CLR-CS) offers a promising solution for syngas production and simultaneous decomposition of CO2. In this study, the Sr-Fe based oxygen carriers (OCs) were evaluated in CLR-CS using ethanol as fuel. The presence of Sr significantly improved the oxidation performance of iron oxides. The Sr element in fresh Sr-Fe based OCs mainly formed two crystal phases, including SrFe12O19 and Sr4Fe6O13. Increasing the amount of Sr element made it easier to form Sr4Fe6O13 crystal phase. The Sr4Fe6O13 was favorable for syngas production, due to the higher surface oxygen vacancy formation energy with a range of 3.13–3.37 eV. However, the lower oxygen transfer capacity (OTC) of Sr4Fe6O13 resulted in a lower CO yield in the of stage of CO2 decomposition. Compared with Sr4Fe6O13, SrFe12O19 exhibited the higher OTC and the higher reactivity of lattice oxygen, which was preferable to produce more CO2 in the stage of ethanol reforming in fuel reactor. During the cycle tests, the crystalline phase of SrFe12O19 didn’t regenerate under the CO2 atmosphere but transformed into Sr4Fe6O13. It was attributed to the lower energy barrier of CO2 oxidation on the oxygen defect surface of Sr4Fe6O13. The phase transformation of SrFe12O19 accompanied the formation of Fe3O4. The excessive Fe3O4 had poor stability and inactivated easily due to sintering and agglomeration in Sr1Fe4 and Sr1Fe6 samples. The Sr1Fe2, namely the molar ratio of SrO to Fe2O3 of 1:2, exhibited the better performance for syngas (0.291 Nm3/kg OC) and CO (0.141 Nm3/kg OC) coproduction at 800 °C. Additionally, the Sr1Fe2 presented an excellent cyclic stability in 30 cycles due to the suitable proportion of Sr4Fe6O13 and iron oxides formed, which maintained a high syngas yield and avoided sintering of iron oxides. Overall, the Sr1Fe2 is a promising OC candidate in CLR-CS process.

Assistance and Development of MSMEs’ Nata de coco Product to Increase Product Value in Godegan, Srandakan, Special Region of Yogyakarta

Abstract. Partners in this PPM[1] KKN service program are Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) entrepreneurs and residents in Godegan, Srandakan, Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The partner is stated to be an MSME because the main program of the Community Service Team will accompany several MSMEs in Godegan hamlet, especially MSMEs’ nata de coco product; besides that, it will also organize an auxiliary program in the form of Population Data Digitization. The purpose of this service is to increase the value of processed nata de coco products, which in turn can increase the income of citizens until economic independence occurs. The problems faced by MSMEs’ nata de coco product are that managers only process nata de coco in semi-finished form and do not have the knowledge to increase the value of products so that they have a better selling value. Packaging, logos, and product brands are also obstacles to marketing processed finished products. In addition to the problems found in the nata de coco MSME business, there are also problems in the hamlet, namely the administration of population data that is not updated because it is recorded manually. Based on these problems, the Community Service Team solves problems by carrying out activities divided into production, marketing, and Financial Records. In the production aspect, training and assistance in product processing and attractive nata de coco packaging to increase product value. From the marketing aspect, assistance is needed in online product marketing, while from a financial point of view, assistance is carried out in managing business finances. The Community Service Team also provides training and assistance in terms of creating company profiles and digitizing population data. The outputs of this service program are news in the mass media, videos of activities, participation in national seminars on community service, and scientific manuscripts published in the form of Sinta-accredited journals.

Tandem Electro‐Thermo‐Catalysis for the Oxidative Aminocarbonylation of Arylboronic Acids to Amides from CO2 and Water

AbstractDirect CO2 electroreduction to valuable chemicals is critical for carbon neutrality, while its main products are limited to simple C1/C2 compounds, and traditionally, the anodic O2 byproduct is not utilized. We herein report a tandem electrothermo‐catalytic system that fully utilizes both cathodic (i.e., CO) and anodic (i.e., O2) products during overall CO2 electrolysis to produce valuable organic amides from arylboronic acids and amines in a separate chemical reactor, following the Pd(II)‐catalyzed oxidative aminocarbonylation mechanism. Hexamethylenetetramine (HMT)‐incorporated silver and nickel hydroxide carbonate electrocatalysts were prepared for efficient coproduction of CO and O2 with Faradaic efficiencies of 99.3 % and 100 %, respectively. Systematic experiments, operando attenuated total reflection surface‐enhanced Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterizations and theoretical studies reveal that HMT promotes *CO2 hydrogenation/*CO desorption for accelerated CO2‐to‐CO conversion, and O2 inhibits reductive deactivation of the Pd(II) catalyst for enhanced oxidative aminocarbonylation, collectively leading to efficient synthesis of 10 organic amides with high yields of above 81 %. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of a tandem electrothermo‐catalytic strategy for economically attractive CO2 conversion and amide synthesis, representing a new avenue to explore the full potential of CO2 utilization.

Diversifikasi Limbah Air Kelapa Menjadi Sirup, Cuka, Nata De Coco (SICUKO) Di Desa Katumbangan Lemo

Purpose – The purpose of this activity is to assist partner business groups in optimizing the processing of coconut water waste into diversified products such as syrup, vinegar, and nata de coco (SICUKO). Design/methodology/approach – The implementation method includes preparation stages, implementation stages involving socialization, training, and mentoring, as well as an evaluation stage. Findings – Training activities are conducted by producing outputs such as syrup, vinegar, and nata de coco products from packaged coconut water, labeled, and ready for marketing or consumption. The evaluation results show a significant improvement in participants' knowledge regarding the coconut water processing into SICUKO processed products before and after the activity. Additionally, participants appreciate the taste, aroma, and texture of the products produced based on organoleptic test results. Originality/value – Through this community partnership stimulus program, we can address the coconut water waste issue that has already had an impact on the environment by generating economically valuable products, especially since coconuts are the main commodity in the Katumbangan Lemo Village.

Optimalisasi Gizi dan Ekonomi Melalui Pengolahan Produk Fermentasi Berbasis Potensi Lokal, Nata de Coco

One of the community service activities that can be carried out in Mojolangu Village, Lowokwaru District, Malang City by utilizing local potential is processing coconut water which is considered waste by the community into a nutritious product and able to improve the community's economy, namely nata de coco. This extension activity includes three stages, namely: preparation, implementation and evaluation. For Mrs. Siti, as a partner, the assistance provided is training in processing coconut water into nata de coco. The implementation stages of PKM activities are as follows: (a) Program preparation, observation of partner data collection, (b) Survey and planning, (c) Training on processing coconut water into nata de coco. The result achieved through this activity is an increase in public understanding that coconut water can be converted into nata de coco products which have high fiber content and are low in calories.

Insights into Proteomics Reveal Mechanisms of Ethanol-Enhanced Bacterial Cellulose Biosynthesis by Komagataeibacter nataicola

Nata de coco, known as bacterial cellulose (BC), has been given much attention in the food industry and biomaterial areas due to its specific properties such as low calorie content, high content of fiber, high purity and high biocompatibility. Komagataeibacter spp. are indispensable microorganisms for BC production due to their highly efficient production. Here, proteomics was applied to investigate the metabolism regulation mechanisms of BC yield improvements in K. nataicola Y19 by 48 ± 3% after ethanol supplementation. The results evidenced that differentially expressed proteins involved in the BC biosynthesis system, glycolytic pathway, TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation process were up-regulated. The proteins accelerated the BC biosynthesis by providing more energy and via intermediate metabolites. Furthermore, the elongation factor Tu, chaperone DnaK and translocase subunit SecB may be involved in the BC synthesis procedure by regulating electron transfer, hydrolysis of ATP and protein transformation. Moreover, the ethanol-enhanced BC biosynthesis may be associated with the decreased expression of endoglucanase. This research elucidates the proteomics mechanism of higher BC production based on ethanol addition, providing references for nata de coco production efficiency and the synthetic regulation of bacterial cellulose in the future.

Ni nanoparticles supported on Al2O3 + La2O3 yolk-shell catalyst for photo-assisted thermal decomposition of methane

Catalytic methane decomposition (CMD) has emerged as an appealing technology for large-scale production of H2 and carbon nanostructures from natural gas. As the CMD process is mildly endothermic, the application of concentrated renewable energy sources such as solar energy under a low-temperature regime could potentially represent a promising approach towards CMD process operation. Herein, Ni/Al2O3-La2O3 yolk-shell catalysts are fabricated using a straightforward single-step hydrothermal approach and tested for their performance in photothermal CMD. We show that the morphology of the resulting materials, dispersion and reducibility of Ni nanoparticles, and nature of metal-support interactions can be tuned by addition of varying amounts of La. Notably, the addition of an optimal amount of La (Ni/Al-20La) improved the H2 yield and catalyst stability relative to the base Ni/Al2O3 material, while also favoring base growth of carbon nanofibers. Additionally, we show for the first time a photothermal effect in CMD, whereby the introduction of 3 suns light irradiation at a constant bulk temperature of 500 °C reversibly increased the H2 yield of catalyst by about 1.2 times relative to the rate in the dark, accompanied by a decrease in apparent activation energy from 41.6 kJ mol−1 to 32.5 kJ mol−1. The light irradiation further suppressed undesirable CO co-production at low temperatures. Our work reveals photothermal catalysis as a promising route for CMD while providing an insightful understanding of the roles of modifier in enriching methane activation sites on Al2O3-based catalysts.