Copper Sulfate Research Articles

A comparative study on material removal rate and surface roughness during electrochemical machining of 100Cr6 steel in oxidizing and reducing electrolytic environments

Electrochemical machining is a promising technique for creating microtextured surfaces on engineering materials due to its advantages, including a high material removal rate and superior surface finish. Electrochemical machining, however, faces challenges that hinder its precision, primarily due to the formation of a passive oxide layer on the workpiece surface. This oxide layer negatively affects both material removal rate and surface roughness (Ra), complicating the machining process. High current densities (> 20 A/cm²) can improve material removal rate, but they also increase energy consumption and worsen surface finish quality due to the intensified oxide layer formation. This dynamic creates a trade-off between increased material removal and a deteriorated surface finish. The article investigates ways to overcome these limitations by selecting appropriate electrolytic environments for the process. The study focuses on the anodic dissolution behavior of 100Cr6 steel in two distinct electrolytic solutions. The first is an oxidizing electrolyte, consisting of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and sodium chloride (NaCl), which promotes oxidation. The second is a reducing electrolyte, containing copper sulfate (CuSO4) and NaCl, which affects the electrochemical dissolution process differently by reducing the steel surface. The maximum improvement in material removal rate with the oxidizing electrolyte is observed at 22%, but simultaneously, a reduction in surface finish quality by 16.4% is noted. The reducing electrolyte offers much better overall performance, with significant improvements in both material removal rate (48.5%) and surface finish quality (21.7%). This is attributed to the reduction in oxide layer formation, which allows for a more controlled and efficient machining process. Analytical techniques like cyclic voltammetry (CV), UV–visible spectrophotometry, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were employed to analyze the dissolution process and visualize surface changes after machining. The results show that the oxidizing environment exposes more metal surfaces than the reducing environment, which aids in understanding and optimizing electrochemical machining processes.

Structural and optoelectronic properties of CuS nano particles prepared by Co-precipitation method

Metal chalcogenide copper sulfide nanoparticles exhibit a broad spectrum of applications, encompassing solar cells, photovoltaics, optical devices, ionic materials and more. In this investigation, CuS nanoparticles were synthesized through a facile co-precipitation method. The synthesis involved employing copper sulfate and thiourea as precursors for Cu and S, respectively. Quantitative analysis, confirming the presence of Cu–S and S–S bonds, was conducted through Raman spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to ascertain the structural phases. The semiconducting behavior of the synthesized CuS nanoparticles was studied through UV–Vis spectroscopy, correlating optical absorption and energy bandgap. The comprehensive findings suggest that the prepared CuS nanoparticles hold promise for advancements in photovoltaic technology and optical devices.

Insights into HKUST-1 Metal-Organic Framework’s Morphology and Physicochemical Properties Induced by Changing the Copper(II) Salt Precursors

The HKUST-1 metal-organic framework was synthesized using four different copper(II) salt precursors, namely copper nitrate, copper sulphate, copper acetate, and copper chloride, via the solvothermal method with no mixing. Syntheses were conducted without using the N,N-dimethylformamide to allow for a greener synthesis of MOFs. The selected physicochemical properties of the obtained metal-organic frameworks were determined. The yield of the obtained products changed in the order acetate>nitrate>sulfate, while no product was obtained in the synthesis with copper(II) chloride. The obtained materials were characterized by means of XRD, nitrogen adsorption–desorption at −196 °C, FTIR, XPS, TGA, SEM, and DLS. The morphology of crystallites and their physicochemical properties were significantly affected when different copper(II) salt precursors were used. The comparison of the obtained results with already published works allows for the correlation of the synthesis parameters like synthesis temperature, time, mixing, and copper(II) salt precursor used on selected properties of the final product.

ВЕТЕРИНАРНО-САНИТАРНАЯ ЭКСПЕРТИЗА МЯСА СИБИРСКОЙ КОСУЛИ (СAPREOLUS PYGARGUS (PALLAS, 1771) И СЕВЕРНОГО ОЛЕНЯ (RANGIFER TARANDUS) ЯКУТИИ

The objective of research is to conduct an examination of the meat of Siberian roe deer and reindeer to identify possible threats to human health, to determine the suitability of roe deer and venison for human consumption in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents. Objectives: to study the organoleptic properties of roe deer and venison; to conduct microscopic, physicochemical studies of meat; to conduct a luminescent analysis; to study the radioactive background of meat; to determine the content of nitrates in meat samples. Based on the results of laboratory studies, it was established that, according to organoleptic properties, roe deer and reindeer meat belongs to the fresh category. Roe deer meat has a bright red drying crust, the structure of muscle fibers is thin, bright red, reindeer meat has a dark red drying crust, muscle fibers are dark red. Each type of meat has a certain specific smell and taste. In physicochemical studies (by reaction with copper sulfate, peroxidase, Nessler reagent, pH value), roe deer and venison meat were classified as fresh and corresponded to the indicators of healthy animals. The data of luminescent and bacterioscopic analysis also indicate the freshness and safety of meat samples. The value of the radiation background of roe deer meat is 0.17 μSv/h, venison – 0.4 μSv/h with a norm of 0.5 μSv/h. The content of nitrates is within the standardized indicators: roe deer meat – 192 mg/kg; venison – 152 mg/kg (MPC – 200 mg/kg). The conducted veterinary and sanitary studies indicate the freshness and good quality of roe deer and venison meat samples, which allows people to eat meat without restrictions.

Study of the thermolysis process of copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate by thermovolumometric method

When studying mixtures of minerals, composites of complex composition, and selecting powder catalysts, problems often arise for which the small masses of samples used in thermogravimetry do not provide sample representativeness. This requires the use of other methods of analysis that allow the use of samples ten times larger in mass. The paper presents the results of a study of the thermolysis process of copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate using a thermovolumometric method. During the tests, a sealed container with the analyzed substance and a thermoelectric converter was placed in a tubular furnace. The gas released during thermolysis entered the bubbling tank through the capillary. SoundForge13 and TableCurve 2D programs were used to process experimental data. The sources of error in the thermovolumometric analysis technique are analyzed. Dependencies that can be used to improve its accuracy are given. It was revealed that the value of the repeatability index obtained as a result of assessing the repeatability of the method is 3 °C; in the range of densities of the evolved gases 1. 25 – 1. 43 kg/m3, the resolution of the method in terms of the mass of the substance is 12 – 13 μg. The results obtained can be used to determine the temperatures of phase transitions when studying processes occurring during heating of mineral compositions, as well as the temperatures of decomposition reactions of substances. The accuracy of measurements can be increased by careful sample preparation, reducing the heating rate of the sample and introducing corrections to the measurement result based on the obtained dependencies.

Analyzing the Efficacy of Water Treatment Disinfectants as Vector Control: The Larvicidal Effects of Silver Nitrate, Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate, and Sodium Hypochlorite on Juvenile Aedes Aegypti

For communities without access to uninterrupted, piped water, household water storage (HWS) practices can lead to adverse public health outcomes caused by water degradation and mosquito proliferation. With over 700,000 deaths caused by vector-borne diseases annually, the objective of this study was to determine whether water disinfectants, at concentrations deemed safe for human consumption and beneficial for water treatment, are effective in reducing the emergence of adult mosquitoes that transmit disease. Laboratory bioassays, designed to resemble the context of treating HWS containers, were conducted to assess the larvicidal effects of chemicals at concentrations below regulatory limits for drinking water: silver (20, 40, 80 μg/L Ag), copper (300, 600, 1200 μg/L Cu), and chlorine (500, 1000, 2000 ug/L free chlorine). The water disinfectants demonstrated the ability to significantly reduce the population of juvenile Ae. aegypti. Sodium hypochlorite was found to be the most effective in decreasing the survival rate of late first instar larvae, while silver nitrate exhibited the highest effectiveness in inhibiting the emergence of late third instar larvae. Ultimately, this study highlights the potential of an integrated approach to Water, Sanitation, and Health (WASH) solutions with vector control management.

СЕЛЕКЦИЯ ГРЕЧИХИ ПОСЕВНОЙ C ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ КУЛЬТУРЫ IN VITRO

The purpose of the study is to obtain stress-resistant plants – buckwheat regenerants on selective media in vitro culture and to select samples with improved breeding characteristics in the field. The object of the study is the varieties Kitawasesoba (Japan), Izumrud (Russia), the hybrid Izumrud × Kitawasesoba. A study on the production of regenerated plants of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of agricultural biotechnology of the Federal Scientific Center for Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after I.I. A.K. Chaika. Microcuttings and callus of buckwheat were cultivated for 25 days on selective media with a mineral base according to Murashige and Skoog (MS) without the addition of hormones, supplemented, depending on the variant of the experiment: zinc sulfate – 202, 404, 606 mg/l or copper sulfate – 23, 46, 69, 161, 184 mg/l. Control – hormone-free MS medium containing 0.025 mg/l copper sulfate and 8.6 mg/l zinc sulfate. Microcuttings of Izumrud buckwheat plants were passaged on media containing salicylic acid (SA) in an in vitro culture of 6.9; 13.8; 20.7; 27.6 mg/l for 24 hours, 48 hours and 24 days. The accumulation of rutin increased by 33.6 % compared with the control after cultivation of buckwheat microshoots of the Izumrud variety under in vitro conditions on a medium with a high content of copper sulfate (161 mg/l). In subsequent generations, in plants grown in a breeding nursery, the increased biosynthesis of rutin was preserved. Short-term exposure for 2 days to salicylic acid (6.9 and 13.8 mg/l) on microshoot tissues contributed to an increase in the content of rutin in regenerated plants by 91.8 and 69.2 %, respectively. The field study of the breeding nursery of seed progeny of 11 regenerative lines tolerant to copper and zinc ions made it possible to select 5 promising lines distinguished by a complex of valuable traits (productivity, coarse grain, stress resistance, genetic flexibility).

A Multi-Analytical Study on Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of Corrosion on Bronze Sheets from the Chu Culture Tombs in Dangyang, China

ABSTRACT Bronze sheets from the Spring and Autumn periods (approximately fifth century BCE), which were excavated from Chu culture tombs located in Dangyang, Hubei Province, China, were analyzed in this study. The objective was to explore and elucidate the correlation between the alloy composition, corrosion products, and the surrounding burial environment, while also offering insights into the underlying corrosion mechanisms. A combination of techniques including optical microscopy (OM), SEM–EDX, XRD, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and ion chromatography (IC) were employed to examine these samples. The analysis revealed that the bronze sheets consisted primarily of Cu-Sn-Pb alloys. Metallographic examination showed that the artifacts were initially hot forged and later subjected to partial cold working; some of the samples exhibited sulfide inclusions. XRD and Raman spectroscopy results indicated that the primary corrosion products were SnO2, copper sulfates, and various copper sulfides. Additionally, CuO was identified. Raman spectra of the black-gray corrosion products showed two broad peaks at approximately 1360 and 1580 cm−1. Further analysis of the Raman parameters suggested the presence of soot or humic substances. Based on these findings, it was hypothesized that the sulfide inclusions within the metal's microstructure, the presence of SO 4 2 − , and the activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the surrounding soil, combined with the sealed and anaerobic conditions of the tomb, could account for the observed sulfide corrosion products on the bronze artifacts. Moreover, the detection of tenorite and soot points to the possibility that the tombs experienced a fire during the burial process.

Evaluating the tolerance of harmful algal bloom communities to copper.

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) cause severe economic and environmental impacts, including hypoxic events and the production of toxins and off-flavor compounds. Chemical treatments, such as copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O), are often used to mitigate the damaging effects of algal blooms. However, treatment effects are usually short-lived leading to waterbodies requiring repeated CuSO4·5H2O applications to control persistent algal blooms, particularly in highly eutrophic systems, such as aquaculture ponds or small agricultural impoundments. We hypothesized phytoplankton communities routinely treated with Cu develop community tolerance to treatment, making algal blooms more difficult to manage over time. Pollution-induced community tolerance is a method for measuring how a community can withstand selective pressures to a toxicant. To test whether phytoplankton develop community tolerance to algaecidal treatment, the toxic effects of Cu were evaluated at a standard dose (1.37 mg/L CuSO4·5H2O or 0.35 mg/L total Cu) and a low dose (0.69 mg/L CuSO4·5H2O or 0.17 mg/L total Cu) relative to untreated controls. Treatments were applied once to 1,300 L mesocosm enclosures installed in a productive aquaculture pond and monitored for 28 days Acute toxicity bioassays measured photosynthetic efficiency across a wide range of Cu concentrations (0.05 to 300 mg/L). The PICT bioassay results were used to generate dose-response curves for median effective concentrations (EC50s) to assess phytoplankton community tolerance to Cu toxicity. The results of this study showed that both doses of Cu led to over 99% removal of cyanobacteria in the first seven days and maintained a reduction in cyanobacterial abundance by at least 70% throughout the experiment. After three days of exposure, the phytoplankton communities in the standard and low-dose treatments exhibited a 12.4x and 5.2x increase in Cu community tolerance, respectively, compared to controls. This increase in community tolerance was driven by Cu-tolerant chlorophyte species. These findings suggest that, while community tolerance to Cu may alter the perceived effectiveness of treatment over time, it can promote a beneficial shift from cyanobacteria to chlorophyte species, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable system.

Vibrational weak and strong coupling modify a chemical reaction via cavity-mediated radiative energy transfer.

Controlling reaction outcomes through external influences is a central goal in chemistry. Vibrational coupling between molecular vibrations and cavity modes is rapidly emerging as a distinct strategy compared with conventional thermochemical and photochemical methods; however, insight into the fundamental mechanisms remains limited. Here we investigate how vibrational weak and strong coupling in plasmonic nanocavities modifies the thermal dehydration of copper sulfate pentahydrate. We demonstrate that light-matter coupling reduces the onset temperature for dehydration by up to 14 °C, and we attribute this effect to enhanced radiative energy transport that is mediated by resonant electromagnetic modes, eliminating temperature gradients in the coupled system. Our findings provide direct evidence of localized energy transfer leading to modified chemical behaviour in specific regions of high optical density of states. This work establishes a mechanism for modifying thermally driven chemical processes using optical cavities, with implications for the development of catalytic systems that exploit these tailored interactions to achieve targeted reaction control.

The green combustion technique for synthesizing CuO nanoparticles with an extract from Azadirachta indica seeds: potential anticancer and photocatalytic studies using organic dye

The present study highlights the biosynthesis of CuO nanoparticles employing an A. indica seed extract and copper sulphate solution by combustion technique. The extract's phytocomponents facilitated the reduction process and the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs). TEM, SEM, FTIR, X-ray diffractometry, XPS, and ultravioletvisible spectroscopy were used to analyse the pure CuONPs. X-ray diffractometers characterized the CuONPs produced, demonstrating a 12 nm mean particle size. Cu-O stretching vibration bands were detected at 532 cm−1 in the FT-IR spectrum. In UV-vis, the CuO nanoparticles' optical band gaps were at 2.75 eV, with a maximum absorption wavelength of 232 nm. SEM and HRTEM were used to examine the CuONPs; they displayed spherical and undefined shapes with mean sizes of 17.4 nm. The pollution dye rhodamine B was used to test the CuONPs photocatalytic activity. In the presence of sunlight, a remarkable 85% degradation efficiency was attained in 60 minutes, and a degradation constant of k (0.9194 min-1) was observed. This suggests that Azardirachta indica seed extract-derived green-synthesized CuONPs have potential uses in photocatalysis. Furthermore, in the MTT assay method against human renal adenocarcinoma cancer cells, the CuO NPs showed strong anticancer activity, with 5 mg/mL as the lowest IC50 value. This novel green method has demonstrated copper oxide nanoparticle synthesis is a very successful and cost-effective pollutant adsorption technique for treating wastewater.

Production of Nanofibers Composed of CuO for the Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solutions

Pollution by heavy metals such as lead is a major concern, since exposure to these metals can lead to various adverse health effects. In this work, nanofibers composed of CuO (CuONFs) were developed as a novel and promising material for Pb(II) adsorption. There have been no previous reports concerning the production of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers modified with copper sulfate pentahydrate, followed by calcination, to be utilized as a Pb(II) adsorbent. The nanofibers were obtained using the centrifugal spinning method and then were characterized before and after a calcination step using analytical techniques. Adsorption parameters were investigated, including pH, contact time, adsorbate concentration, and temperature. Satisfactory Pb (II) adsorption was reached at 298 K, pH 5.8, and a maximum adsorption of 151.34 mg g−1 was achieved, predicted by the Hill model. The kinetic data proved that Pb (II) adsorption better fitted the pseudo-second-order model, while the Hill model was confirmed to best fit the equilibrium data. Thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that the lead adsorption was favorable, spontaneous, and exothermic. The CuONFs maintained 97.51% of their initial adsorption capacity after two adsorption/desorption cycles. The results showed that CuONFs have excellent potential as an adsorbent for Pb(II), while also showing high stability during reuse.

Evaluating Copper-Doped Biochar Composites for Improving Wheat Nutrition and Growth in Oxisols

Copper (Cu) is a critical micronutrient for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), essential for growth and grain baking quality, yet its availability is limited because Cu is specifically adsorbed on colloids of highly weathered tropical soils like Oxisols. This study hypothesizes that Cu-doped biochar composites can outperform traditional Cu fertilizers in improving wheat growth and Cu use efficiency. Composites were synthesized from chicken manure (FCM), shrimp shells (FSC), and sewage sludge (FSS), doped with copper sulfate (CuSO45H2O) or copper oxide (CuO), and pyrolyzed at 300 °C or 550 °C. The experimental design involved greenhouse trials in two Oxisols (RYL and DRL), assessing Cu release kinetics, plant Cu uptake, and dry matter production. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed successful Cu integration. Results revealed that CSS/CS-5 (FSS + CuSO45H2O at 550 °C) improved Cu uptake and shoot biomass in DRL soil, while CSC/CS-3 (FSC + CuSO45H2O at 300 °C) enhanced wheat CuSO45H2O growth in RYL soil. Peak Cu availability varied by CuSO45H2O soil and composite type, with residual Cu highest CuSO45H2O in CuSO45H2O-treated soils. These findings demonstrate that Cu–biochar composites, tailored to soil conditions, offer a sustainable alternative to mineral Cu fertilizers by enhancing the nutrient availability and wheat grain yield.

Trametes cingulata: A white rot fungus in decolorization of azo dye reactive red 239

AbstractBackgroundAzo dyes in textile effluents represent a particular health concern because they include azo groups (NN), which are reactive with DNA nucleic acids. The enzymes produced by white rot fungi can biodegrade a broad range of environmental contaminants. This work addresses this by concentrating on novel and effective optimal conditions for Trametes cingulata to produce oxidative enzymes and the capacity to decolorize the azo dye reactive red 239.ResultsA multifactorial experimental design optimized enzymatic activity and azo dye decolorization. Concentrations of 2.5 g L−1 of copper sulfate (CS) and 3.0 g L−1 of yeast extract (YS) for 16 days produced 100% decolorization, with 7.72 U mL−1 of laccase (Lac) and 0.013 U mL−1 of lignin peroxidase (Lip). These were found to be the ideal conditions for the decolorization process. The maximal Lac activity was 12.22 U mL−1 with 2.5 g L−1 CS, 25.0 g L−1 YS and 16 days, in addition to 0.14 U mL−1 Lip activity and 59% decolorization. It was possible to ascertain that the dye's functional groups had been adsorbed to the fungal mycelium by employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Images obtained from scanning electron microscopy analyses enable the distinction of certain features that signify the adsorption process. Additionally, under ideal decolorization conditions, a 55% chemical oxygen demand decrease was noted.ConclusionThe findings reported show that T. cingulata may decolorize effluents containing azo dyes using two distinct processes: fungal mycelium biosorption and enzymatic degradation. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Effects of Four Sulfonate-Containing Additives and Hydroxyethyl Cellulose on the Properties of Electrolytic Copper Foils.

Ultrathin electrolytic copper foils with a thickness of 6 μm were prepared by a test machine using copper sulfate electrolyte with gelatin, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), and sulfonic acid-containing organics as additives. The effects of four sulfonic acid-containing organic additives, sodium 3-mercaptopropanesulfonate (MPS), bis-(sodium sulfopropyl)-disulfide (SPS), sodium 3-[[(dimethylamino)thioxomethyl]thio]propanesulfonate (DPS), and sodium 3-((4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)thio)propane-1-sulfonate (TPS), on the physical property of copper foils were investigated. The results show that all these additives can effectively improve the gloss and tensile strength of electrolytic copper foil, and the texture coefficients of Cu(111) selectivity increase. The synergistic use of HEC and TPS can effectively reduce the pinholes of copper foil.

New understanding on iota-carrageenan oxidation by hydrogen peroxide with or without copper sulphate and the properties of oxidized iota-carrageenan

New understanding on iota-carrageenan oxidation by hydrogen peroxide with or without copper sulphate and the properties of oxidized iota-carrageenan

Optical microscopic study of the stress induced corrosion of brass and aluminium in dilute electrolyte, and the inhibition effect of Cedrus Atantica and Ocimum Basilicum

Optical microscopic analysis of the stress induced (85% calculated stress) corrosion of brass in 1M ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] + 1M copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4) solution, and aluminium in 0.5M, 1M and 2M sulfuric (H2SO4) solution at 10% and 20% addition of Cedrus Atlantica and Ocimum basilicum Linn. essential oil extracts were documented. The optical images obtained showed the effect of both extracts on the alloys. Optical images of aluminium in the presence of Cedrus Atlantica showed increased susceptibility of the alloy to localized and general corrosion compared to Ocimum basilicum Linn which enhanced the corrosion resistance of aluminium. Cedrus Atlantica increased the susceptibility of alpha brass to corrosion compared to the solution without it. In the absence of Cedrus Atlantica, general surface deterioration was observed without any localized corrosion. However, at 10% Cedrus Atlantica concentration superficial crack was observed. The crack further increased to visible intergranular crack (fracture) at 20% Cedrus Atlantica concentration. Ocimum basilicum Linn performed effectively at 10% concentration, sustaining the corrosion resistance of brass in 1M (NH4)2SO4 + 1M CuSO4 solution. At 20% Ocimum basilicum Linn concentration superficial cracking appeared.

Separation of polar and neutral lipids from mammalian cell lines by high-performance thin-layer chromatography.

The introduction of high-performance TLC (HPTLC) instrumentation that allows precise control of critical parameters has transformed the technique into an efficient and rapid tool for analyzing various metabolites, namely lipids. Although mass spectrometry (MS) has largely replaced lipid analysis techniques over recent decades due to its comprehensive lipidome profiling capabilities, it typically lacks the rapidity and simplicity of TLC. HPTLC remains advantageous due to its ease of use, simpler data interpretation, and compatibility with complementary techniques. In this study, we established a HPTLC protocol to fractionate both polar and non-polar lipids on a single normal phase plate. Twenty lipid standards were fractionated and the method was successfully applied to whole extracts from six mammalian cell lines. Standards and extracted lipids were applied with an automated sampler, and polar lipids were first fractionated in a 5-step automated gradient elution, followed by the fractionation of neutral lipids in a twin-trough chamber with three different elutions. Plates were automatically sprayed with a modified copper sulfate solution and charred to reveal lipids and obtain the respective chromatograms. LC-MS was used to identify ambiguous bands, thus ensuring the accuracy of lipid identification.

Copper sulfate treatment harms zooplankton and ultimately promotes algal blooms: a field mesocosm experiment

Copper sulfate treatment harms zooplankton and ultimately promotes algal blooms: a field mesocosm experiment

Biogenesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles using Marine Bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa: In vitro Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Activities

The current study outlines an environmentally friendly procedure to synthesis the extracellular secondary metabolite-mediated copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using Bioinspired green chemistry method with Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from a marine water sample. The in vitro bio-reduction of Copper sulphate to CuONPs in the presence of secondary metabolites was confirmed using various analytical techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In the UV-visible spectroscopy the synthesised nanoparticles was characterized with the maximum absorbance at 570 nm. SEM analysis showed the nanoparticles to be nearly cuboidal in shape with the size range of 108.0 nm to 252.2 nm at the 1,00,000x magnification. X-ray diffraction revealed particle sizes ranging from 4.19 nm to 26.95 nm with diffraction peaks at 38.05° and 31.67°, corresponding to lattice planes [6.56] and [100], indicating a polycrystalline wurtzite structure. The synthesized CuONPs exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against clinical pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis, as well as fungicidal activity against phytopathogenic fungi including Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum capsici. Additionally the photocatalytic activity of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa mediated CuONPs was estimated through the degradation of the triarylmethane dye-malachite Green.