Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Investigating the optical, structural, and therapeutic properties of CuO nanoparticles coated with [BMIM][BF4] Ionic liquid

This work reports a chemical synthesis of 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid ([BMIM][BF4] IL) coated copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-[BMIM][BF4] NPs) by using co-precipitation method. Additionally, bare copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are prepared without the addition of the ionic liquid for comparison. Structural morphology and optical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). XRD analysis revealed the monoclinic phase of synthesised CuO NPs (with and without addition of IL) with an average crystallite size of 15.3 nm and 8.42 nm for CuO NPs and CuO-[BMIM][BF4] NPs respectively. An examination of the UV–Vis spectra revealed that the optical bandgap decreases with the addition of IL to CuO NPs. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) revealed the flake like morphologies in the range of nanoscale. TEM Microscope showed the conventional needle structure of CuO-[BMIM][BF4] NPs. Synthesised NPs showed antimicrobial effects against Streptococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as pathogenic fungi, including Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans, as investigated using the disc diffusion technique. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (bacterial pathogen), Candida albicans (fungal pathogen) were significantly inhibited than the other two organisms. Additionally, the prepared CuO nanoparticles were evaluated for their anticancer properties on MCF7 human breast cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. The results indicated that the synthesised CuO nanoparticles exhibited effective cytotoxicity against MCF7 cells, with an IC50 value of 33.37 μg/mL. These findings are briefly discussed in this manuscript.

Recent Advances in the Development of Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticle and Antibiotic Conjugates (MNP-Antibiotics) to Address Antibiotic Resistance: Review and Perspective.

As per the World Health Organization (WHO), antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a natural phenomenon whereby microbes develop or acquire genes that render them resistant. The rapid emergence and spread of this phenomenon can be attributed to human activity specifically, the improper and excessive use of antimicrobials for the treatment, prevention, or control of infections in humans, animals, and plants. As a result of this factor, many antibiotics have reduced effectiveness against microbes or may not work fully. Thus, there is a pressing need for the development of new antimicrobial agents in order to counteract antimicrobial resistance. Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) are well known for their broad antimicrobial properties. Consequently, the use of MNPs with current antibiotics holds significant implications. MNPs, including silver nanoparticles (AgNPS), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), have been extensively studied in conjunction with antibiotics. However, their mechanism of action is still not completely understood. The interaction between these MNPs and antibiotics can be either synergistic, additive, or antagonistic. The synergistic effect is crucial as it represents the desired outcome that researchers aim for and can be advantageous for the advancement of new antimicrobial agents. This article provides a concise and academic description of the recent advancements in MNP and antibiotic conjugates, including their mechanism of action. It also highlights their possible use in the biomedical field and major challenges associated with the use of MNP-antibiotic conjugates in clinical practice.

Piper nigrum Leaf Extract Mediated Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and their Antimicrobial Activity Against Soil Phytopathogens

Piper nigrum Leaf Extract Mediated Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and their Antimicrobial Activity Against Soil Phytopathogens

A spectrophotometric analysis of copper and zinc released from stainless steel brackets coated with a combination of copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in artificial saliva

Nanocoating stainless steel orthodontic brackets with a combination of copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles might alter the quantity of ions released from them in saliva. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the quantity of copper and zinc ions released from stainless steel brackets coated with a combination of copper oxide and zinc oxide. Stainless steel orthodontic brackets (Ormco Mini -Diamond series 0.22” slot, MBT prescription) (ORMCO CORP Glendora, California, USA) (n= 15 in each group) were coated with nanoparticles of copper oxide (Group I) , zinc oxide (Group II) and a combination of copper oxide –zinc oxide (Group III) nanoparticles using a spray pyrolysis method . The quantity of copper and zinc ions released from these three groups of brackets, when stored in artificial saliva and intubated at 37 C was evaluated at 24hrs, 7th day, 14th day and 28th day using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The three groups of coated brackets released significantly more copper and zinc ions than the uncoated brackets. The copper oxide nanocoated and zinc oxide nano coated stainless steel orthodontic brackets released more copper and zinc ions when compared to the copper oxide - zinc oxide combination nanocoated orthodontic brackets and uncoated brackets. The highest surge of ion release was noted at the 7th day in all the three coated groups for both the ions evaluated. Brackets coated with a combination of copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles demonstrated reduced levels of copper and zinc ion release in artificial saliva when compared to copper oxide nanocoated brackets and zinc oxide nanocoated brackets..

Phytomediated Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Derived from the Fronds of Adiantum venustum D.Don: Evaluation of their Biomedical Potential.

The green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO) mediated by crude ethanolic extract and the n-butanol fraction of Adiantum venustum represents a groundbreaking approach in nanotechnology, combining ecological sustainability with advanced functionality. This innovative method leverages the natural bioactive compounds present in A. venustum to produce CuO nanoparticles, which exhibit remarkable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-proliferative properties. The green synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using a variety of techniques, as XRD confirmed the crystalline nature of the CuO nanoparticles, with a crystallite size of 14.65nm for CuO-C and 18.73nm for CuO-B. The grain sizes of CuO-C (14.09 ± 0.17nm) and CuO-B (67.88 ± 2.08nm) were determined using transmission electron microscopy micrographs. Furthermore, the synthesized nanomaterial and the crude ethanolic extract, n-butanol fraction, were examined for their biological potentials namely antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-proliferative activity against HeLa cancer cells. Among the synthesized nanomaterials, copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized by utilizing the n-butanol fraction have appeared as a potential biomedical agent. CuO-B has arisen as an antioxidant agent with IC50 values of 44.63 ± 0.49µg/mL, 48.49 ± 0.17µg/mL, and 35.39 ± 0.61µg/mL for DPPH, FRAP, and reducing power assay, respectively. Furthermore, the significant antibacterial potential of CuO-B against gram-positive (S. aureus MIC 46.88µg/mL) and gram-negative (K. pneumonia MIC 23.48µg/mL) bacterial strains cannot be neglected either. Along with this, the IC50 value (138.07µg/mL) of CuO-B against HeLa cells proved it to be a potential anticancerous agent. Hence, this novel approach emphasized that these synthesized nanoparticles have tremendous biological potential and can be applied to various fields of agriculture and biomedicine.

Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles via Moringa peregrina extract incorporated in graphene oxide: evaluation of antibacterial and anticancer efficacy.

This research investigated the physicochemical properties and biological activities of green-synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) via Moringa peregrina extract, graphene oxide (GO), and their composite (CuO-GO). SEM revealed the morphology and structure, indicating polygonal CuO NPs, thin wrinkled sheets of GO, and a combination of CuO NPs and GO in the nanocomposite. EDS confirmed the elemental composition and distribution. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline monoclinic structure of CuO NPs and GO, as well as their composite, CuO-GO, with characteristic peaks. DLS analysis exhibited distinct size distributions, with CuO NPs showing the narrowest range. BET surface area analysis revealed mesoporous structures for all materials, with the nanocomposite showing enhanced surface area and pore volume. Anticancer assays on MCF-7 and normal NIH/3T3 cells demonstrated CuO-GO's superior cytotoxicity against cancer cells, with minimal effects on normal cells, suggesting selective cytotoxicity. Moreover, antibacterial assays against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus indicated CuO-GO's potent inhibitory activity. The composite's synergistic effects were evidenced by its lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) compared to individual components. In conclusion, this study elucidated the promising biomedical applications of CuO NPs, GO, and their nanocomposite, particularly in cancer treatment and antibacterial therapies, showcasing their potential as multifunctional nanomaterials.

Melatonin and copper oxide nanoparticles synergistically mitigate clubroot disease and enhance growth dynamics in Brassica rapa

Clubroot, a devastating soil borne disease affecting 30%∼50% of Brassicaceae crops worldwide, lacks effective control measures. In the present study, we explored the potential of melatonin (MT) and copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO-NPs) in mitigating clubroot severity in the Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis. Following 18 h priming with MT, CuO-NPs, or both seeds were grown in controlled environment using synthetic potting mix. Inoculated with Plasmodiophora brassicae spores on 5th day, followed by a soil drench phyto-nano treatment with a week interval. Plants were assessed for various health and growth indices including disease, biometrics, photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzyme activity, hormones and genes expression at onset of secondary clubroot infection using established protocols. Statistical analysis employed ANOVA with Fisher's LSD for significance assessment (P < 0.05). Our results revealed that seed priming with both MT (50 μMol/L) and CuO-NPs (200 mg/L), followed by soil drenching significantly reduced clubroot incidence (38%) and disease index (57%), compared to control treatments. This synergistic effect was associated with enhanced plant growth (shoots: 48% and roots: 59%). Plants treated with both MT and CuO-NPs showed robust antioxidant defenses, significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD (25/29%)), catalase (CAT (83/55%)), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX (83/46%)) activity in both shoots/roots, respectively, compared to infected control. Notably, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid levels doubled in treated plants, while stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) decreased by 80% in roots and 21% in shoots. Gene expression analysis corroborated these findings, showing that the combined treatment activated antioxidant defense genes (SOD, APX and CAT) by 1.9–7.2-fold and upregulated hormone signaling genes JAZ1 (7.8-fold), MYC2 (3.9-fold) and SABP2 (36-fold). Conversely, ABA biosynthesis genes (ABA1 and NCED1) were downregulated up to 7.2-fold, while plant resistance genes NPR1, PRB1 and PDF1.2 were dramatically increased by up to 6.3-fold compared to infected plants. Overall, our combined treatment approach significantly reduces clubroot severity in B. rapa via enhanced antioxidant defenses, improved ROS scavenging, coordinated hormonal regulation and increased pathogen response genes. This study offers promising strategy for developing effective control measures against clubroot in susceptible cruciferous crops.

Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles for improved performance in Monolithic Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles for improved performance in Monolithic Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

Phyto-Mediated Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: an Investigation of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Protective Neuropsychiatric Potential

Phyto-Mediated Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: an Investigation of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Protective Neuropsychiatric Potential

Experimental investigation on spray cooling heat transfer properties of ethylene glycol-water-based nanofluids

Abstract Spray cooling is a practical solution for high heat flux heat dissipation problems. The spray cooling experiment was conducted with 50wt% ethylene glycol aqueous solution as the base liquid in this paper. The effects of the concentrations of copper nanoparticles, copper oxide nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles and surfactant Tween-20 on the heat transfer characteristics during spray cooling were investigated. The results showed that adding nanoparticles within a certain concentration range could enhance the effectiveness of spray cooling's heat transmission. Under the same conditions, adding copper nanoparticle has the best effect, followed by copper oxide nanoparticle, and silica nanoparticle has relatively poor effect. Among them, the heat transfer coefficient and heat flux of the nanofluid could be raised by 10.58% and 11.34% in comparison to the base liquid when the concentration of copper nanoparticles was 0.01wt%. As the concentration of nanoparticles rises higher, spray cooling's ability to transfer heat is hampered. Adding the surfactant Tween-20 could effectively improve the copper-water-ethylene glycol nanofluid's capacity for heat transmission. When the concentration is 3ppm, the heat transfer coefficient and heat flux of the nanofluid with Tween-20 were increased by 9.81% and 10.38% compared to the copper-water-ethylene glycol nanofluid.

Structural, optical and magnetic properties of chemically grown copper oxide nanoparticles: An insight into anticancer activities

Self-assembling nanorods like copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully synthesized using two different copper cationic precursors to investigate their structural, optical, and magnetic properties. These NPs are employed in anticancer applications. Both the CuO-NPs have been tested for their toxicity on human cells. The XRD patterns confirm the formation of monoclinic crystal structures for both the systems. The FESEM microstructural surface morphology shows high agglomeration and a typical elemental composition is evaluated from EDAX analysis. The HRTEM analysis reveals high crystalline CuO nanorods with diameters in the range of 60 ∼ 94 nm and 09∼ 22 nm for two different nanoparticles named CuO-NPs1 and CuO-NPs2, respectively. The optical band gap of CuO-NPs has been calculated from UV–visible absorption spectra and is found to be 2.18 eV and 2.55 eV for CuO-NPs1 and CuO-NPs2, respectively. FTIR analysis provides insights into the chemical compositions of both the CuO-NPs. Magnetization study using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) indicates antiferromagnetic-like properties associated with weak ferromagnetic behaviour. Cytotoxicity tests on MCF-7 cell lines show that CuO-NPs2 exhibit more pronounced effect with IC50 of 22.95 μg/mL. The toxicity of both the CuO-NPs are also assessed using human lymphocytes, suggesting that CuO-NPs could be promoted as anticancer agents while remaining non-toxic to biological systems.

Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Rosmarinus officinalis leaf extract and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity

Due to the development of green technology, researchers are becoming more interested in low-cost, environmental eco-friendly methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles (Nps). In this work, Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO Nps) were synthesized using a green synthesis technique, with Rosmarinus officinalis leaf extract acting as a capping and reducing agent. The as prepared the samples was characterized using UV-Visible Spectra (UV–VIS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The UV-Visible spectra result showed that strong absorption was observed for characteristic band of green synthesized CuO Nps and exhibit red shift as the weight fraction of CuO Nps increases. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of CuO Nps, having a typical monoclinic structure with crystalline size ranging from 18 to 26 nm. From FTIR spectral analysis strong and broad peak observed at 3384 cm−1 can be attributed to (O-H) functional groups of the bioactive compounds which act as reducing and capping agents for the synthesis of CuO Nps in the plant extract. The SEM images of green synthesized CuO NPs was appeared to be aggregated form and almost spherical in shape. The antimicrobial activity of CuO Nps was evaluated against S.aureus and B.cereus (gram-positive), E. coli (gram-negative) bacteria strains and C.albicans fungal Pathogen. The result indicated that at weight fraction of 50 %, CuO Nps exhibit highest antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, C.albicans and B.cereus with zone of inhibition of 26.0 ± 0.10, 25.0 ± 0.15, 18.1 ± 0.32 and 17.0 ± 0.0 mm respectively. Furthermore, for the E. coli bacterial strain, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CuO Nps was found to be 1.56 mg/mL; whereas, for S. aureus and C. albicans was found to be 3.12 mg/mL. Therefore, the present study shows that Rosmarinus officinalis extract can be easily used as a reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent for the effective green synthesis of CuO Nps for antimicrobial agents. Thus, it is believed that synthesis of nanoparticles using low cost and eco-friendly green approach enhanced the antimicrobial activity and other a potentially applications in fields of biomedical.

Eco-friendly synthesis, characterization, and properties of copper oxide nanoparticles in cashew gum/polypyrrole blend for energy storage applications

Conducting biopolymer blend nanocomposites of cashew gum (CG) and polypyrrole (PPy), with varying concentrations of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were synthesized through an in-situ polymerization method using water as a sustainable solvent. The formation of blend nanocomposites was characterized using UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). UV spectroscopy revealed a significant reduction in absorption intensity with the addition of CuO, indicating enhanced optical properties. FT-IR and XRD analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of CuO into the CG/PPy blend. FE-SEM images revealed the uniform distribution of nanoparticles throughout the biopolymer blend, particularly in the 7 wt% sample. TGA and DSC results demonstrated a significant enhancement in thermal stability, increasing from 352 °C to 412 °C and a rise in the glass transition temperature from 89 °C to 106 °C in the blend nanocomposites. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss, impedance, Nyquist plot, electrical conductivity, and electric modulus were extensively examined at different temperatures and frequencies. The dielectric constant of the CG/PPy blend increased from 2720 to 92,950 with the addition of 7 wt% CuO, measured at 100 Hz. The improved glass transition temperature, thermal stability, and superior electrical properties imply potential usage of the developed nanocomposite in nanoelectronics and energy storage applications.

CuO nanoparticles' effect on the photosynthetic performance in seed tissues of Inga laurina (Fabaceae).

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) have been produced on a large scale because they can be applied across various fields, especially in nano-enabled healthcare and agricultural products. However, the increasing use of CuONPs leads to their release and accumulation into the environment. The CuONPs uptaken by seeds and their implications on germination behavior have been reported, but little is known or understood about their impact on photosynthesis in seed tissues. To fill knowledge gaps, this study evaluated the effects of CuONP concentrations (0-300mg L-1) on the photosynthetic activity of Inga laurina seeds. The microscopy data showed that CuONPs had an average size distribution of 57.5 ± 0.7nm. Copper ion release and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by CuONPs were also evaluated by dialysis and spectroscopy experiments, respectively. CuONPs were not able to intrinsically generate ROS and released a low content of Cu2⁺ ions (4.5%, w/w). Time evolution of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy were used to monitor the seeds subjected to nanoparticles during 168h. The data demonstrate that CuONPs affected the steady-state maximum chlorophyll fluorescence ( ), the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II ( ), and non-photochemical quenching ( ) of Inga laurina seeds over time. Besides, the significantly increased at the seed development stage, near the root protrusion stage, probably due to energy dissipation at this germination step. Additionally, the results indicated that CuONPs can change the oscillatory rhythms of energy dissipation of the seeds, disturbing the circadian clock. In conclusion, the results indicate that CuONPs can affect the photosynthetic behavior of I. laurina seeds. These findings open opportunities for using chlorophyll fluorescence as a non-destructive tool to evaluate nanoparticle impact on photosynthetic activity in seed tissues.

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Composite Used as Transducer Medias in Nitrate Ion-Selective Electrodes

To improve the performance of nitrate solid contact ion-selective electrodes, their design was modified with a composite material consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and copper oxide nanoparticles. The nanocomposite was used in the electrodes as a component of the ion-sensitive membrane (GCE/NC+ISM) and as a solid contact material applied by drop casting (GCE/NC/ISM). A series of comparative studies were conducted to determine which type of modification more favorably affected the performance of each electrode. A classical glassy carbon electrode with a membrane without a nanocomposite was used as a control electrode. The best electrode turned out to be the one in which transducer media in the form of a composite was implemented into the membrane. For the GCE/NC+ISM electrode, the highest sensitivity of 60.41 mV/decade, the lowest detection limit of 5.13 × 10−7 M, and the widest linearity range of 1 × 10−6–1 × 10−1 M were obtained. The presence of the nanocomposite in the membrane contributed to a significant improvement in electrical performance relative to the unmodified electrode, which in turn resulted in obtaining good potential reversibility and low potential drift—0.085 μV s−1. The prepared electrode was used to determine the concentration of nitrates in environmental water samples.

Copper oxide nanoparticles mitigate cadmium toxicity in rice seedlings through multiple physiological mechanisms.

Heavy metal pollution poses a serious threat to crops growth and yield. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate the negative effect of heavy metal on crop growth. This study investigated the beneficial effects of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on the morphological and physiological-biochemical traits of rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) under cadmium (Cd) stress. The results demonstrated that the application of CuO NPs increased the contents of nutrition elements in shoots and roots as well as photosynthetic pigments, consequently improving the growth of rice seedlings under Cd stress, especially at low level of Cd stress. Meanwhile, CuO NPs obviously decreased the Cd accumulation in the rice seedlings and immobilized Cd in less toxic chemical forms and subcellular compartments. Moreover, CuO NPs modulated the antioxidant system, ameliorating oxidative damage and membrane injury caused by Cd. Multivariate analysis established correlations between physio-biochemical parameters and further revealed the mitigation of Cd damage to rice seedlings by CuO NPs was associated with inhibition Cd accumulation, altering Cd chemical form and subcellular distribution, increasing the contents of mineral nutrients, photosynthetic pigments and secondary metabolites and antioxidant enzyme activities, and reducing oxidative damage. Overall, the present study indicated that CuO NPs could effectively reduce the Cd toxicity to rice seedlings, demonstrating their potential application in agricultural production.

Croton macrostachyus leaf-mediated biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles for enhanced catalytic reduction of organic dyes

Introduction. Owing to the increasing use of organic dyes, the biosynthesis of metal oxide nanocatalysts is urgently needed as an economical and environmentally friendly solution to reduce their waste release. Method. In this study, we synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) by the sol–gel method using Croton macrostachyus leaf extracts as capping and reducing agents. The biosynthesized CuO catalysts were characterized using x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Result. The result showed that the synthesized CuO NPs had a crystallite size of about 9 nm and had good crystalline texture. Furthermore, the catalyst showed the best catalytic reduction performance in 1 min for methylene blue (MB) and 3 min for methyl orange (MO). Furthermore, the CuO catalyst synthesized using Croton macrostachyus leaf extract resulted in apparent rate constant (Kapp) values for MB and MO of 0.06793 s−1 and 0.01877 s−1, respectively. Discussion. The recyclability of the CuO catalyst was investigated, and it was shown that the catalysts are suitable for reuse in dye reduction. Therefore, the catalytic activity of this study suggests that the CuO nanocatalysts prepared in this work are a potential candidate for controlling organic pollutants or trace amounts of naturally occurring active organic chemicals in all environmental dye wastes.

Bioinspired green synthesis of copper, nickel, and hybrid nanoparticles using Myristica Fragrans seeds: Biomedical applications and beyond

Nanotechnology focuses on materials at the molecular and atomic levels, with sizes ranging from 0.1 to 100 nm. This study explores the synthesis and characterization of copper oxide (CuO), nickel oxide (NiO), and hybrid nanoparticles using an aqueous seed extract from Myristica fragrans. The nanomaterials underwent comprehensive characterization employing various techniques: UV analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, EDX and SEM. We explored their biological applications through antioxidant and antibacterial assays. UV analysis determined the optical absorption spectra values for CuO, NiO and hybrid nanoparticles. FTIR analysis confirmed functional groups in the plant extract responsible for capping and reducing the reaction medium. XRD and SEM analysis demonstrated the crystalline nature and morphology of the nanoparticles. CuO nanoparticles exhibited polyhedral morphology, while NiO nanoparticles were primarily spherical with some agglomeration. The CuO-NiO hybrid nanoparticles showed a wurtzite morphology with significant agglomeration and larger mean size than CuO and NiO nanoparticles. EDX indicated higher quantities of Cu and Ni. XRD spectra revealed the average particle sizes of nanoparticles. TGA indicated the thermal stability of the nanoparticles, with hybrid nanoparticles being the most stable. The nanoparticles exhibited excellent antioxidant activity, with hybrid nanoparticles showing the highest values in measuring total antioxidant capacity, total reducing power (TRP), ABTS assay, and DPPH-free radical scavenging assay at 400 μg/mg. Antibacterial assays against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains demonstrated that antibiotics-coated hybrid nanoparticles exhibited potent antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In conclusion, CuO, NiO, and CuO-NiO hybrid nanoparticles mediated by Myristica fragrans showcase promising characteristics for various applications, especially in biomedical and clinical settings. The nanoparticles eco-friendly synthesis and biocompatible nature make them attractive candidates for future research and development.

Biogenically synthesized copper oxide, titanium oxide, and silver oxide nanoparticles: characterization and biological effects

Biogenically synthesized copper oxide, titanium oxide, and silver oxide nanoparticles: characterization and biological effects

Green synthesis and characterization of copper oxide nanoparticles using Luffa acutangula peel extract and its antibacterial activity

In this current research project, the peel extract of Luffa acutangula was employed to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) for the very first time. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to examine the synthesized nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction analysis determined that the nanoparticles have a monoclinic structure, with an average crystallite size of 26 nm. The Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that the particles had a clustered, rectangular structure. The zeta potential of the particles was measured to be −34 mV using DLS, indicating good stability. Copper oxide-mediated by Luffa acutangula has demonstrated excellent bactericidal properties against both types of bacteria, Gram-negative and Gram-positive. The diameter of the growth inhibition area for Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli was measured as 15 mm, 15 mm, 16 mm, and 25 mm, respectively, in response to a concentration of 150 μg/μL.