Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

P23-16 Biokinetics of carbon black, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, cerium oxide, silica, titanium dioxide, silver, gold, copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles after inhalation – analysis of existing data

P23-16 Biokinetics of carbon black, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, cerium oxide, silica, titanium dioxide, silver, gold, copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles after inhalation – analysis of existing data

Advancing Blood Flow in Stenotic Arteries through Magnetohydrodynamic Peristaltic Motion of Hybrid Nanoparticles

This research aims to investigate the efficacy of hybrid nanoparticles in improving magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) peristaltic blood flow in stenotic arteries. Hybrid nanoparticles combining MHD processes and peristaltic motion show promise for increasing blood flow through constricted arteries. To evaluate the impact of nanoparticles on blood flow parameters, researchers use theoretical modelling and analytical solutions. Incorporating copper and aluminium oxide nanoparticles (Cu-Al2O3) into blood, leading to the formation of an ionic solution, is a crucial step in creating a homogeneous hybrid blood suspension. The mathematical model uses approximations of the stenosis and non-dimensional parameters for a mild stenosis scenario to simplify the underlying coupled nonlinear partial differential equations. Analytical solutions for various blood flow parameters such as velocity, temperature, stream function, wall shear stress, Nusselt number, and flow resistance impedance are obtained using the perturbation technique. This study visually analyzes how different physiological variables affect arterial blood flow characteristics. The heat conductivity of blood is an essential aspect of preserving one's sustenance, which is largely determined by the concentration of hybrid nanoparticles. A streamlined pattern depicts the direction of blood flow within an artery. This research demonstrates that the adverse effects of vascular stenosis can be mitigated by using hybrid nanoparticles. In order to aid narrowed arteries, these nanoparticles lessen wall shear stress, boost axial flow speed, and enhance the velocity profile.

Green Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles Mediated Rhazya Stricta Plant Leaves Extract Characterization and Evaluation of their Antibacterial and Anticancer Activity (in vitro Study)

In this study, a straightforward, expeditious, and environmentally friendly approach to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) utilizing an aqueous extract of Rhazya Stricta (R. stricta) leaves was employed. The CuONPs underwent various analytical techniques for characterization, including X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scan electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and zeta potential. The XRD analysis authenticated the monoclinic crystal nature, revealing an average crystallite size of 15.6 nm. FESEM images depicted semi-spherical and cubic shapes, with particle sizes ranging from 56.64 to 86.95 nm. The formation of CuONPs was initially confirmed by the observable change in colour, attributed to the excitation of surface Plasmon resonance at 280 nm in the UV-Vis spectra. FTIR analysis affirmed the presence of functional groups in the R. Stricta leaves extract, serving as both reducing and stabilizing agents, facilitating the formation of CuONPs. Zeta potential measurements indicated substantial stability with a value of 46.6 mV. The biosynthesized CuONPs were further evaluated for their antibacterial properties against Klebsiella Pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), yielding inhibition zones of 21 mm and 30 mm, respectively. Additionally, the cytotoxicity assessment of CuONPs against A549 cell lines revealed higher cytotoxicity of 81.47 ± 1.517 at a CuONP concentration of 100 μg/ml. This work is the first attempt at R. stricta-facilitated synthesis of CuONPs as antibacterial and anticancer agents. It can subsequently be exploited as a potential candidate for these agents and might be utilized further in vivo studies.

Role of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) as feed additives to improve immune and biological functions in Oreochromis niloticus

Role of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) as feed additives to improve immune and biological functions in Oreochromis niloticus

Role of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) as feed additives to improve immune and biological functions in Oreochromis niloticus

Role of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) as feed additives to improve immune and biological functions in Oreochromis niloticus

Rheological study of water-based Cu nanofluid between two corrugated curved walls under constant pressure gradient

Nanofluids have captured the attention of scientists due to their superior thermophysical properties compared to ordinary liquids. Consequently, nanofluids serve as suitable cooling agents applicable to systems requiring swift response to thermal changes, such as vehicle engines. Therefore, the current article scrutinizes the characteristics of heat transfer on the pressure-driven flow of magnetized nanofluid between two curved corrugated surfaces in the presence of heat generation/absorption. Copper oxide nanoparticles (Cu) have been combined with pure water to form a nanofluid called Cu/H2O. The geometry of the channel is represented mathematically in an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. The corrugation grooves are described by sinusoidal functions with phase differences between the corrugated curved walls. The boundary perturbation method is used to find the analytical solution for the velocity field, temperature field, and volumetric flow rate taking the corrugation amplitude as the perturbation parameter. The impact of dissimilar parameters such as the curvature parameter (0.5≤k≤10), wave number (1≤α≤3), magnetic parameter (1≤M≤5), and wave amplitude (0.1≤ε≤0.8) on the flow fields are analyzed through graphs and discussed in detail. The results show that the peak of the velocity increases with the radius of curvature and the width of the channel for a constant pressure gradient. If we increase the magnetic parameter from 1 to 4, the velocity profile at the specified point decreases by 30 %. If we increase the heat source/sink parameter from 2 to 5, the temperature profile at the specified point increases by approximately 17 %. The flow rate is increased by the corrugations for any phase difference between the corrugated curved walls depending on the corrugation wavenumber and the channel radius of curvature.

Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles via Laser Ablation in Liquid for Enhancing Spectral Responsivity

Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles via Laser Ablation in Liquid for Enhancing Spectral Responsivity

A novel “cells-on-particles” cytotoxicity testing platform in vitro: design, characterization, and validation against engineered nanoparticle aerosol

The presented research introduces the "Cells-on-Particles" integrated aerosol sampling and cytotoxicity testing in vitro platform, which allows for the direct assessment of the biological effects of captured aerosol particles on a selected cell type without the need for extraction or resuspension steps. By utilizing particles with unaltered chemical and physical properties, the method enables simple and fast screening of biological effects on specific cell types, making it a promising tool for assessing the cytotoxicity of particulate matter in ambient and occupational air. Platforms fabricated from cellulose acetate (CA) and poly[ε]caprolactone (PCL) were proven to be biocompatible and promoted the attachment and growth of the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. The PCL platforms were exposed to simulated occupational aerosols of silver, copper, and graphene oxide nanoparticles. Each nanoparticle type exhibited different and dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on cells, evidenced by reduced cell viability and distinct, particle type-dependent gene expression patterns. Notably, copper nanoparticles were identified as the most cytotoxic, and graphene oxide the least. Comparing the “Cells-on-Particles" and submerged exposure (“Particles-on-Cells") testing strategies, BEAS-2B cells responded to selected nanoparticles in a comparable manner, suggesting the developed testing system could be proposed for further evaluation with more complex environmental aerosols. Despite limitations, including particle agglomeration and the need for more replicates to address variability, the “Cells-on-Particles” platform enables effective detection of toxicity induced by relatively low levels of nanoparticles, demonstrating good sensitivity and a relatively simpler procedure compared to standard 2D cell exposure methods.

Biogenic Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized from Whole Plant Extract of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv.: Characterization, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Properties

Nanoparticles crafted through biological processes show potential for advancing medicine. Plant-derived compounds, produced through environmentally friendly green synthesis, present distinctive and beneficial applications in the field of nanomedicine. This study describes an easy, sustainable, environmentally friendly, and cost-efficient method to create copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using whole part of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. extract. The characterization involved various techniques like solid UV-Visible-DR analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), EDAX analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmitted electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were found to be quasi-spherical pattern, with sizes ranging from 12 to 14 nm, and exhibited a crystal structure identified as monoclinic. The resulting copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were examined for antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. It showed suppressing bacterial growth against tested human pathogenic bacteria, emphasizing their potential as antimicrobial agents. Results revealed that the maximum zone of inhibition was observed when the concentrations (25, 50, and 100 μL,) of NPs is increased against S. aureus i.e. 17 mm, 20 mm and 22 mm respectively. Whereas findings also reveal potent antioxidant activity, with escalating CuO nanoparticle concentrations correlating to increased percentage inhibition 50 μg/mL – 1.68%, 100 μg/mL – 10.45%, 150 μg/mL – 18.54%, 200 μg/mL – 37.83%, and 250 μg/mL – 51.72%. The highest activity, at 51.72%, occurs at 250 μg/mL.

Antiviral Effects of Silver, Copper Oxide, Cerium Oxide, and Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles and Silver and Copper Sheets Against COVID‐19

Antiviral Effects of Silver, Copper Oxide, Cerium Oxide, and Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles and Silver and Copper Sheets Against COVID‐19

Green Biosynthesis and Biological Properties of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Paulownia Tomentosa Plant Extracts

AbstractCopper oxide nanoparticles have attracted a great deal of attention in many fields due to their attractive physico‐chemical properties. In particular, their synthesis using an environmentally friendly method offers advantages in many applications. In the present report, copper oxide nanoparticles are produced from extracts of the plant Paulownia tomentosa by a method of biosynthesis. The synthesized CuO NPs have been characterized morphologically and structurally by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, and X‐ray diffraction. Furthermore, the antimicrobial, antibiofilm and anticancer activities of the synthesized CuO NPs were evaluated. The CuO NPs were spherical and the particle size was 12.5 nm. For the tested microorganisms, CuO NPs showed a high inhibitory effect in terms of antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized CuO NPs against HT‐22 and MCF‐7 showed a dose‐response activity. 50 % inhibitory concentration values were found to be 18.34 and 14.32 μg/mL of CuO NPs against the HT‐22 and MCF‐7 cancer cells, respectively. The results suggest that these nanoparticles can be used as effective antibacterial, antibiofilm and anticancer agents in the biomedical fields.

INFLUENCE OF CuO NANOPARTICLES ON THE STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES, SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS, AND OPTICAL BEHAVIOR OF POLY(4-CHLOROANILINE) POLYMERIC FILMS

In this study, the composite P(4ClAni)/CuO, which consists of Poly(4-Chloroaniline) P(4ClAni) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, was successfully synthesized utilizing a chemically oxidative polymerization approach to be applied in optoelectronics. Both FTIR and EDX analyses showed that CuO has been successfully integrated into the P(4ClAni) matrix. The SEM micrographs reveal uniform loading and distribution of CuO throughout the P(4ClAni) polymeric chains. The UV–Vis absorbance, the Urbach energy, the band edge and a number of carbon clusters were determined. The Tauc relationship was used to determine the band gaps, which revealed a decrease as the CuO concentration increased. The band gap drops from 3.84[Formula: see text]eV for P(4ClAni) to 3.09, 2.85, and 2.64[Formula: see text]eV, correspondingly for P(4ClAni)/CuO-1, P(4ClAni)/CuO-2, and P(4ClAni)/CuO-3. While, the Urbach tail is increased from 1.66[Formula: see text]eV for P(4ClAni) correspondingly to 1.81, 1.85, and 1.93[Formula: see text]eV. The results show composites made of P(4ClAni)/CuO have better optical characteristics than pure polymer P(4ClAni), suggesting that they can use these composites in optoelectronics devices.

Asian Spice Nanotech: Illicium verum made Metal Nanoparticles for Potent Antibacterial and Catalytic Applications

Introduction: Asian spices are globally recognized for their rich phytochemical composition. The bioactive compounds of Asian spices have significant potential to extend the biological applications of metal nanomaterials by increasing their surface area, stability, dispersion, and ecofriendliness. Method: The present study is designed to prepare novel iron oxide (Fe2O3) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of Illicium verum (star anise), a traditional Asian spice as a reducing, capping & stabilizing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized to study their molecular environment using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Elemental composition was examined through the Energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed the size, shape, and other morphological characteristics of nanoparticles. The optical properties have been tested through Ultraviolet-Visible (UV) spectroscopy and the band gap energies of both Fe2O3 and CuO nanoparticles have been calculated by using the Tauc plot method, which explores its semiconductor applications. The catalytic applications of obtained nanoparticles have shown significant potential in the degradation of aqueous methyl orange dye (MO). Results: Results revealed that Fe2O3 and CuO nanoparticles significantly increased the rate of reaction by decreasing the reaction time to 45 mins and 40 mins, respectively in comparison to the NaBH4 (60 mins). This shows that CuO has a larger surface area and more absorption capacity than Fe2O3 NPs. To examine the cause of value healthcare, the obtained materials have also been applied against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The bactericidal activity was compared with gentamicin, which showed both nanometals are moderate to strongly active against tested microbes. Conclusion: The successful eco-friendly synthesis of metallic nanoparticles by using Asian spices and their applications in physical and biological sciences opens the door for the scientific community to develop and apply more novel and green nanomaterials in industrial and commercial areas.

Analysis of the Synergistic Effect of Antibiotics with Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Different Clinical Cases

Synergism between antibiotics and nanoparticles is one of the most important ways to combat antibiotic resistance. Copper nanoparticles were produced using a green, environmentally friendly method of mixing aqueous Ficus Sycomorus leaf extract with copper sulfate. The work aimed to study the synergistic effect of six antibiotics with copper oxide nanoparticles prepared in a green approach against bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patient. A total of 110 specimens were collected from patients with burn, wound and urine infections. in Samarra General Hospital, Tikrit Teaching Hospital, Tikrit Military Hospital, and Baghdad Medical City of both genders from July to September 2023. A bacteriological examination was conducted to select bacterial pathogens, with a particular focus on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. From a total 110 cases, 50 (45.5%) gave positive cultures for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CuO-NPs was characterized using different analytical techniques, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). showed that the CuO-NPs have a spherical shape, its average size is 29.2 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray )EDX( results confirmed the presence of copper and oxygen in the composition. The synergistic effect of six antibiotics with CuO-NPs was studied. By evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentration of P. aeruginosa. The results show the highest inhibition against bacterial isolates was due to the synergistic effect of CuO-NPs with Impenem, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftazidime, Polymyxin B, Amikacin, and Cefepime respectively, especially on isolate (15) with zones of inhibition/mm were 19.33 ±0.33, 18.33 ±0.33, 16.33 ±0.33, 15.33 ±0.33, 14.67 ±0.33, and 12.7±0.58, respectively. The results indicated that the synergistic effect gave clear zones of inhibition against all isolates compared with the inhibition effect of nano-copper oxide and antibiotics.

Utilizing the 2nd harmonic Nd: YAG laser ablation in liquid for the production of copper oxide quantum dots: Influence of laser fluence and ablation duration

One environmentally friendly technique for creating colloids of nanoparticles is pulsed laser ablation in liquid, which stands out for its ability to create nanoparticles free of contamination without the use of hazardous chemicals. In the present work, A Q-Switched Nanosecond Nd: YAG laser was utilized to precisely produce colloidal copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) through the laser ablation of a copper target immersed in distilled water. The impact of the laser fluence and laser ablation time on the size, morphology, and concentration of the generated CuONPs was investigated experimentally. The UV–visible absorption spectra of CuONPs display surface plasmonic resonance peaks in the UV region, which are attributed to interband transitions. The energy band gaps of the colloidal CuONPs were determined using UV–visible spectroscopy, and they ranged between 3.45 and 3.72 eV at various ablation times and laser fluences. The TEM micrographs were used to assess the size and morphology of the CuONPs, while the concentration and elemental composition were determined using ICP and EDXA spectroscopy. The TEM images of the CuONPs indicate a spherical shape at various laser ablation times and laser fluences. The average size of the CuONPs decreased to the quantum size range. The experimental results show that increasing laser fluence from 28.6 to 51.5 × 103 J/cm2 while keeping laser ablation time fixed for 30 min resulted in a reduction in the average size of the nanoparticles from 8.5 to 4.6 nm, respectively. Moreover, increasing laser ablation time from 10 to 50 min at a constant incident laser fluence of 34.3 × 103 J/cm2 decreased the average size of the CuONPs from 6.8 to 4.3 nm, respectively. The concentration of the synthesized CuONPs increased as laser fluence and laser ablation time increased.

Modification of clinoptilolite as a natural zeolite by copper oxide nanoparticles for efficient desulfurization of kerosene

In recent years, researchers are looking for ways to reduce the amount of sulfur in kerosene. Therefore, desulfurization of kerosene is considered an important commercial and environmental process. Among the hard and complicated methods available for the desulfurization process, natural zeolites can be a suitable alternative for the desulfurization of oil products due to their economic efficiency, biocompatibility, and natural abundance of oil reserves. In this research, natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) was modified with CuO nanoparticles and used as adsorbent for desulfurization of kerosene. The effect of important parameters such as adsorbent dose, pH of solution and initial adsorbate concentration were investigated. Results indicated the optimum conditions as follows: dose of adsorbent 2 g, pH 10 and the adsorbate dose 200 ppm. Results showed that the modified adsorbent is a suitable, low-cost and good efficiency for the desulfurization process of kerosene.

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) alters its metabolite accumulation to cope with CuO nanoparticles by promoting antioxidant production and carbon metabolism.

Copper-based nanoparticles (NPs) are gradually being introduced as sustainable agricultural nanopesticides. However, the effects of NPs on plants requires carefully evaluation to ensure their safe utilization. In this study, leaves of 2-week-old lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were exposed to copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs, 0 [CK], 100 [T1], and 1000 [T2] mg/L) for 15days. A significant Cu accumulation (up to 1966mg/kg) was detected in lettuce leaves. The metabolomics revealed a total of 474 metabolites in lettuce leaves, and clear differences were observed in the metabolite profiles of control and CuO-NPs treated leaves. Generally, phenolic acids and alkaloids, which are important antioxidants, were significantly increased (1.26-4.53 folds) under foliar exposure to NPs; meanwhile, all the significantly affected flavonoids were down-regulated after CuO-NP exposure, indicating these flavonoids were consumed under oxidative stress. Succinic and citric acids, which are key components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, were especially increased under T2, suggesting the energy and carbohydrate metabolisms were enhanced under high-concentration CuO-NP treatment. There was also both up- and down-regulation of fatty acids, suggesting cell membrane fluidity and function responded to CuO-NPs. Galactinol, which is related to galactose metabolism, and xanthosine, which is crucial in purine and caffeine metabolism, were down-regulated under T2, indicating decreased stress resistance and disturbed nucleotide metabolism under the high CuO-NP dose. Moreover, the differentially accumulated metabolites were significantly associated with plant growth and its antioxidant ability. Future work should focus on controlling the overuse or excessive release of NPs into agricultural ecosystems to limit their adverse effects.

Formulation and Characterization of Moringa Oleifera Nano Particles

The synthesis of copper oxide nano particles (CuO NPs) using moringa oleifera leaves extract as a green reducing agent has gained significant interest due to its eco-friendly and cost-effective nature. Moringa oleifera leaves extract acts as a reducing agent and capping agent simultaneously, making it a promising alternative to traditional methods. The size, shape, and optical properties of the synthesized CuO NPs can be controlled by varying the concentration of moringa oleifera leaves extract and reaction time. The synthesized CuO NPs exhibit excellent antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and catalytic activities, making them suitable for various applications in bio medicine, wastewater treatment, and energy storage. Overall, the green synthesis of CuO NPs using moringa oleifera leaves extract holds great potential for sustainable and green nanotechnology. FTIR and UV Studies carried out in which it showed that drug-drug and drug-excipients are compatible.

Impact of CuO nanoparticles on the viscosity and vibration damping characteristics of shock absorber oil

This study investigates the potential of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles as additives to enhance the viscosity and vibration-damping characteristics of shock absorber oil. Shock absorbers play a critical role in vehicle safety and handling by mitigating vibrations from road irregularities. However, their effectiveness deteriorates over time. To address this, CuO nanoparticles were explored for their ability to improve lubricant performance. Nano-lubricants were prepared by dispersing CuO nanoparticles at varying concentrations of 0.25 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, and 1.5 wt% in a base oil using ultrasonication. The novelty of this research lies in the innovative use of CuO nanoparticles to significantly enhance the viscosity and vibration-damping properties of shock absorber oil. The viscosity of these nano-lubricants increased significantly, with the 1 wt% CuO nano-lubricant achieving a 20% increase at 25 °C compared to the base oil, indicating improved load-carrying capacity and potential friction reduction. Vibration damping performance was evaluated using a dedicated shock absorber test rig. The nano-lubricants exhibited reduced overall vibration acceleration compared to plain oil, with a 15% improvement in damping effectiveness at the optimal CuO concentration. However, the transmissibility ratio, a key damping metric, did not show significant variation, suggesting that traditional shock absorber designs might require modifications to fully leverage the benefits of CuO nanoparticles. These findings demonstrate the potential of CuO nanoparticles to enhance the viscosity and damping characteristics of shock absorber oil, leading to improved performance at lower temperatures.

Phytosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles and their application in Pb2+ detection from surface water

Phytosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles and their application in Pb2+ detection from surface water