Copper Oxide Nanofluid Research Articles

Non-singular fractional approach for natural convection nanofluid with Damped thermal analysis and radiation

The studies of ordinary derivatives based nanofluids have limitations and some restrictions to solve and analyze the integer ordered leading partial differential equations and also have some memory effect complications. Fractional order in nanofluids can enhance and analyze more efficiently the memory effects on nanofluid behavior by different fractional derivatives techniques. In this study, the analytical solution of nanofluids containing water as a base fluid with copper oxide and silver as nanoparticles with heat and mass characteristics is investigated. The water-based nanofluid is flowing on an infinite sheet with constant temperature and thermal radiation. The dimensionless partial differential governing equations are solved in the sense of the most recent definition of fractional derivatives that is the Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative. To dig out the mathematical solution of the developed fractional model of temperature and velocity field, the Laplace transformation technique and some of its inverse method i.e. Zakians method are utilized. To enhance the innovation of this article, the graphical and numerical representation of temperature and velocity fields are described and discussed by varying the values of different constraints such as fractional parameter and volume fraction. As a result, we concluded from the graphical illustration of the parameters, in comparison to copper oxide and silver nanofluid, CUo-water nanofluids has always slightly greater heat transfer rate as compared to Ag-water fractional nanofluid, which also depends on the enhancement of volume fraction. Furthermore, temperature and velocity profile shows decaying behavior with the enhancement in the fractional parameterβ.

Experimental investigation to study the effect of synthesized and characterized monotype and hybrid nanofluids in minimum quantity lubrication assisted turning of bearing steel

A minimum quantity lubrication system using biodegradable cutting fluids has facilitated the excellent machining performance and is observed as more sustainable. In the view of enhancement of machining performance, the utilization of nanofluids with a minimum quantity lubrication system as a cutting fluid delivered noteworthy outcomes. For the present experimental investigation, the monotype nanofluids (copper oxide and zinc oxide) and a hybrid nanofluid (copper oxide/zinc oxide) were synthesized by using a two-step method. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis were performed to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. A vegetable oil was utilized as a base fluid and three types of nanofluids were prepared by the addition of a surfactant (butenol). Also, ultrasonication has been performed to avoid the agglomeration of nanoparticles into the base fluid. The thermal conductivity evaluation of prepared nanofluids was carried out by using a hot wire method. The effects of three nanofluids were investigated by considering three machining input variables (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) on response variables (surface roughness and cutting zone temperature) during bearing steel turning under nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication cooling conditions. The multi-objective optimization was performed by using grey relational analysis and found that the hybrid nanofluid (copper oxide/zinc oxide) was noted as the highly effective cooling condition as equated to copper oxide and zinc oxide monotype nanofluid. The hybrid nanofluid (copper oxide/zinc oxide) shows a 65% and 60% reduction in surface roughness on comparing with copper oxide and zinc oxide nanofluids, respectively. Also, the minimization of cutting zone temperature was observed under the hybrid nanofluid (copper oxide/zinc oxide) by 11% and 13% on equating with copper oxide and zinc oxide nanofluids, respectively.

Effect of Variable Compression Ratio on Performance and Emissions in Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Waste Cooking Oil with Copper Oxide Nano Fluid Blends

One of the challenging issues in the world today is waste management. Improper waste management could be the main source of environmental pollution. In this context, an attempt has been made to prevent the disposal of large quantities of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) from hotels and restaurants and utilize them as a fuel in diesel engines. WCO is one of the viable alternative fuels, used by researchers in Compression Ignition (CI) engines due to its low cost, no toxicity, biodegradability and renewability. In this research, copper oxide (CuO) nano fluids were prepared by an one-step chemical synthesis method in different mass fractions of 15 ppm, 25 ppm, 35ppm and 50 ppm and blended with WCO. Based on the fuel stability, WCOCN25 and WCOCN50 test fuels are considered. The diesel and WCO were considered as base fuels. A fully equipped, single cylinder, four stroke, water cooled, direct injection, variable compression ratio diesel engine was used for experimentation. The compression ratio of the engine was varied from 16:1 to 18:1. The engine was loaded at different loading conditions by an eddy current dynamometer to measure the performance and emission parameters for the test fuels. The experimental results have shown that the addition of CuO nano fluids and increasing the compression ratio improved the Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) of the engine. It is observed that the combustion parameters have been improved due to the higher ignition delay and catalytic activity of CuO nano fluids. In addition, CuO nano fluids have a major role in controlling hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and smoke emissions.

A Case Study on Copper-Oxide Nanofluid in a Back Pipe Vacuum Tube Solar Collector Accompanied by Data Mining Techniques

A Case Study on Copper-Oxide Nanofluid in a Back Pipe Vacuum Tube Solar Collector Accompanied by Data Mining Techniques

Study On Effectiveness Using Copper Oxide Nanofluid In Shell And Tube Heat Exchanger

Study On Effectiveness Using Copper Oxide Nanofluid In Shell And Tube Heat Exchanger

Investigation of heat-transfer and fluid dynamic of nanofluids used in heating building

This paper proposes an approach to investigating numerically the behavior of pressure drop and heat transfer flowing through a pipe under constant wall heat flux for copper (II) oxide (CuO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanofluids. This approach consists of (a) using the industrial computational fluid dynamics code Ansys CFX 15 for all the simulations reported in this paper, (b) validating the numerical results for the flow of water by comparing the Nusselt number and friction factor in a circular tube used in heating buildings in cold regions and (c) evaluating the use of the three nanofluids in heating buildings. An excellent concordance is obtained with the water- and nanofluid-associated theoretical–empirical heat transfer and pressure drop correlations. Numerical results showed that the use of nanofluids in heating buildings is more efficient. From the thermal condition, the aluminum oxide nanofluid is more effective than the copper (II) oxide and silicon dioxide nanofluids, and the performance index of the aluminum oxide nanofluid is also higher compared with those of copper (II) oxide and silicon dioxide nanofluids. The analysis shows that using nanofluids in heat exchangers could reduce volumetric and mass flow rates. Nanofluids require smaller heating systems, which are able to distribute the same quantity of thermal energy using base fluids. This will also reduce environmental pollutants because smaller heating units use less power.

NUMERICAL STUDY OF VARIATION IN DRAG AND VIRTUAL MASS FORCES FOR A NANOFLUID FLOW THROUGH A MICROCHANNEL USING EULERIAN-EULERIAN TWO-PHASE MODEL

Laminar forced convection of copper oxide (CuO) and titanium oxide (TiO2 ) water-based nanofluid flow through a microchannel has been studied numerically using a Eulerian–Eulerian two-phase model. The governing equations of the liquid phase and solid phase are solved using sixth-order compact finite difference schemes. The effects of Reynolds number and nanoparticle volume concentrations on drag and virtual mass forces are reported. Estimation of thermal conductivity for nanofluid has been discussed here using two-phase results. Results show that significant heat transfer enhancement is observed with an increase in Reynolds number and nanoparticle volume concentrations compared with pure water. The 2 vol % CuO nanofluid has shown 3.44% and 18.65% enhancement in average Nusselt number compared to pure water for Re = 50 and Re = 600, respectively. An increase in particle concentration from 1% to 3% leads to a 4.45% increase in the average Nusselt number at Re = 200 for CuO nanofluid. A significant change of 26.5% is found in the dimensionless drag force with an increase in Reynolds number from 50 to 600. A negligible change in dimensionless drag force is observed with an increase in nanoparticle concentrations for Re ≥ 200. The virtual mass force is less significant than the drag force for nanofluid flows. Present results show a small deviation between the obtained and experimental thermal conductivity of nanofluid. The developed two-phase numerical model is validated with the numerical and experimental results available in the literature.

Investigate the effect of nano cutting fluid and cutting parameters under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) on surface roughness in turning of DSS-2205

The Paper focused on Effect of Nano cutting fluids under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and parameters on surface roughness during turning of Duplex stainless steel-2205. The Nanofluids are prepared via two step processes dispersing the nano particles of Aluminium oxide (Al2O3), Copper oxide (CuO) and Silicon carbide (SiC) with the base fluid of Neat Cut oil with different volume concentration 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7%. The experimentation were conducted based on face centered composite design(CCF) with varying % of volume concentration of nano particles, speed, feed and depth of cut. ANOVA was used to examine the influence of turning factors on roughness. The ANOVA and R-Squared value reveals the developed models were significant. The results revealed that copper oxide nano fluid are better surface roughness fallowed by silicon carbide and aluminium oxide and feed was the most significant factor followed by DOC, concentration of nano particles and cutting speed.

Numerical Investigation in Augmentation of Heat Transfer in a Rectangular Duct Using Al2O3 and CuO Nanofluids

A numerical investigation was conducted to predict the greater thermal enhancement in the rectangular duct using different nanofluids – Aluminum oxide (Al2 O3) and Copper oxide (CuO) are employed in the investigation and magnitude are compared with base fluid to ascertain the augmentation of thermal efficiency. Ansys-Fluent 13 used for simulation to identify the augmentation of heat transfer among fluids. A simulation conducted in Laminar flow with Reynolds number (Re) ranges from 20 to 40 at constant heat flux 2000 W/m2. The research reported the contour of temperature distribution, pressure variation, and magnitude velocity, Result reveals that copper oxide nanofluids have produced significant thermal performances than other nanofluid particles.

Enhancement of heat transfer in radiator using copper oxide nano fluids

Many industries requires higher cooling rate for equipment which intern affects the life and efficiency of the equipment. However fluids have limited rate of heat transfer through material. Has limitation for developing higher amount of heat transfer per unit time for cooling purpose. Nano fluids are prepared by separating nano particles in base fluid such as water, oil etc. which is used for higher amount of heat transfer per unit time. Innovative heat transfer fluids are synthesized by suspending metal oxide nano size solid particles. Experiments on nanofluid shown that it has higher thermal conductivity compared to its base fluid. These nano sized particles which are suspended in fluid changes thermal motion between different particles of fluid which increases the amount of heat transfer per unit time. As can be seen from the literature extensive research work is done on aluminium oxide–water and Copper oxide–water nano fluids. In this research utilized nanoparticles as CuO (copper oxide) as it has enormous thermal conductivity, had prepared CuO nanoparticles followed by nanofluid preparation. This article deals entirely about Copper oxide nanofluid with distilled water as base fluid, sodium dodecyl sulphate as surfactant and the percentage increment of amount of heat transfer per unit time of nano fluid is higher than that of base fluid and sample size found by X-Ray diffraction (XRD).

Unsteady Free Convection Flow of Nanofluid with Dissipation Effect over a Non-Isothermal Vertical Cone

This paper investigated unsteady free convection flow of nanofluid with dissipation effect over a non-isothermal vertical cone. The dimensional governing equations that consists of continuity, energy and momentum equations are reduced by using appropriate dimensionless variables along with variable wall temperature as its initial and boundary conditions. The case when water is the base fluid has been considered and the effects of the solid volume fraction on the flow and heat transfer characteristics are determined for Silver (Ag), Copper (Cu), Alumina (Al2O3) and Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanofluids. The purpose of the study is to investigate numerically the mathematical model by using the Crank-Nicolson method. The discretization equations were computed, and numerical results were plotted using MATLAB software. It has been shown that when the nanoparticles volume fraction increases, the NuX increases and the velocity profile decreases. Moreover, for Silver(Ag), Copper(Cu) and Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, the thermal boundary layer decreases at first but later started to increase at certain values as the nanoparticles volume fraction increases. However, for Alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles, the temperature profile increases as the nanoparticles volume fraction increases. It has also been found in this problem that the Alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles have the highest heating performance while Silver (Ag) nanoparticles have the highest cooling performance.

A review of inclusion of nanofluids on the attainment of different types of solar collectors

Energy is a basic necessity of survival on the planet earth. One of the most promising and excellent way of harnessing the solar energy is the implications of solar collectors. Sun is readily available for such kind of applications throughout the year. A large scale solar concentrator plant is required to convert sun energy into heat energy. This task is accomplished by various kind of solar collectors loaded with various kinds of nanofluids. In this work, the effect of introduction of different kinds of nano-particles mixed with base fluids in various kinds of solar collectors has been discussed. The search for the increment of heat gain of solar collectors lead the researchers to the use of various kinds of nanofluids such as carbon nanofluid, aluminum oxides nanofluid, silver nanofluid, copper oxide nanofluid and many more together with working liquid. It has been observed that the output increases several times by the inclusion of nanofluids as a working fluid in solar collectors. Therefore, various studies are underway to prove the importance of nanofluids as a base fluid in different types of collectors to seek the optimal action of nanofluids in different collectors. Lots of nanofluids are categorized according to the performance they give when they are used as an alternate fluid along with base fluids in solar stills. The action of some available nanofluids as a working fluid in different collectors has been reviewed in this article followed by the conclusion based on study.

Thermal and Fluid Dynamic Performance Comparison of Three Nanofluids in Microchannels Using Analytical and Computational Models

The fluid dynamic and thermal performance of three nanofluids containing aluminum oxide, copper oxide, and silicon dioxide nanoparticles dispersed in 60:40 ethylene glycol and water base fluid as a coolant in a microchannel heatsink are compared here by two methods. The first is a simple analytical analysis, which is acceptable for very low nanoparticle volumetric concentration (1–2%). The second method is a rigorous three-dimensional finite volume conjugate heat transfer and fluid dynamic model based upon a constant heat flux boundary condition, which is applicable for cooling electronic chips. The fluids’ thermophysical properties employed in the modeling are based on empirically derived, temperature dependent correlations from the literature. The analytical and computational results for pressure drop and Nusselt number were in good agreement with the nanofluids showing a maximum difference of 4.1% and 2.9%, respectively. Computations cover the practical range of Reynolds number from 20 to 200 in the laminar regime. Based on equal Reynolds number, all of the nanofluids examined generate a higher convective heat transfer coefficient in the microchannel than the base fluid, while copper oxide provided the most significant increase by 21%. Based on the analyses performed for this study, nanofluids can enhance the cooling performance of the heatsink by requiring a lower pumping power to maintain the same maximum wall temperature. Aluminum oxide and copper oxide nanofluids of 2% concentration reduce the pumping power by 23% and 22%, respectively, while maintaining the same maximum wall temperature as the base fluid.

Performance enhancement of a direct absorption solar collector using copper oxide porous foam and nanofluid

The current research proposes the idea of using water-saturated metal oxide foams and water-based nanofluids as solar absorber in the direct absorption solar collectors (DASCs). Specifically, the novel solar collector design utilizes copper oxide (CuO) porous foam and nanoparticle with high optical properties and is expected to have enhanced thermal performance than the conventional collectors utilizing pure water. The finite volume technique is used to solve the governing equations of flow and heat transfer in the radiative participating media. Also, to establish the reliability and accuracy of numerical solutions, the obtained results are compared with the corresponding numerical and experimental data. The computations are carried out for different nanoparticle volume fractions, foam pore sizes, working fluid mass flow rates, and both porous layer thicknesses and positions (inserted at the lower or upper wall of the collector). It is found that the efficiency of DASC partially/fully filled with metal oxide foam is maximized when the collector is completely filled with it. Compared with the water flow, the numerical results show that the collector efficiency using CuO nanofluid and metal oxide foam is improved by up to 26.8% and 23.8%, respectively. Moreover, considering the second law of thermodynamics, the use of CuO nanofluids in the DASC seems to be more effective than the use of CuO porous foam.

Finite element simulations for natural convective flow of nanofluid in a rectangular cavity having corrugated heated rods

In this study, numerical simulations of natural convection in a partially heated rectangular cavity containing water-based copper oxide nanofluid (CuO–water) have been carried out. The flow field and heat transfer inside the cavity are influenced by two corrugated heated rods. The governing partial differential equations are transformed to dimensionless coupled nonlinear partial differential equations using some suitable variables. For the thermophysical properties of nanofluid, Koo and Kleinstreuer–Li model is implemented in the governing equation. Numerical solutions of the resulting system of equations are obtained utilizing finite element method. The simulations for flow field and thermal distribution are portrayed in terms of line graphs, streamlines and isotherms. The results are executed for various Rayleigh numbers $$(10^4\le {\mathrm{Ra}} \le 10^6)$$ , nanoparticle volume fractions $$(0.0\le \phi \le 0.2)$$ , amplitudes of the corrugated heated rods $$(0.05\le A_{\mathrm{m}} \le 0.2)$$ and wavelength numbers $$(0 \le n \le 20)$$ . Results depict that the thermal distribution and flow field are getting stronger because of increasing Ra and n. The impact of nanoparticle volume fraction is found to be useful in intensifying the heat transfer rate because of dominant convection. It is worth mentioning that with an increase in $$A_{\mathrm{m}}$$ the thermal distribution in the entire cavity is control by convection.

Experimental study on the influence of copper oxide nano-fluid on surface integrity in turning of AISI O1 steel

Turning operation is one of the most used operations at various industries and obtaining desired machined surface qualityis one of the important concerns of researchers. In this investigation the effects of using copper oxide nano-fluid ascompared with conventional fluid (soluble oil) as coolant and lubricant on surface integrity of machined surface of heattreated cold work tool steel (AISI O1) as workpiece has been investigated. So cutting speed and tool’s feed rate have beenconsidered as input variables and surface roughness, created white layer thickness and density of generated surface crackshave been considered as output parameters and regarding full factorial method of design of experiments a set of experimentsfor each kind of coolants has been designed and performed. The results have been shown that adding copper oxide nanoparticles as equal as 1% in volume to deionized water as base fluid decreases the amount of machined surface roughness ascompared with using soluble oil. Also using the prepared copper oxide nano-fluid decreases the amount of created whitelayer thickness and density of generated surface cracks on machined surfaces as compared with soluble oil.

Numerical Study on Performance of Flat Tube with Water Based Copper Oxide Nanofluids

Abstract The aim of the present study is to perform numerical analysis on the performance of a flat tube with copper oxide nanofluids. The nanofluid was passed through a virtual 3D model of a flat tube. Advantages of using nanofluids instead of pure base fluid were evaluated. The thermophysical properties of the nanofluid were calculated using correlations (function of temperature and volumetric concentration nanoparticles) developed from experimental work. It was observed that the heat transfer performance of a flat tube increased with increase in particle concentration, temperature and Reynolds number. The pressure drop across flat tube increased with increasing volumetric concentration of nanoparticle and Reynolds number

A numerical study on the performance of water based copper oxide nanofluids in compact channel

The conventional fluids such as the water, ethylene glycol and mixture of water – ethylene glycol has been reached at their limit of heat transfer due the low thermal performance for the ultra - high performance vehicle. The objective of the present study to evaluate the performance of copper oxide nanofluids in the compact channel for the heat transfer applications. The compact channel used in many heat transfer application i.e. compact heat exchanger. The performance of nanofluids has been compared with base fluid numerically. The nanofluids were considered at different nanoparticles concentration i.e. 0.1 to 0.5% and various thermophysical properties have been estimated with well developed models for each thermophysical property. The heat transfer performance have been evaluated and it has been that heat transfer rate of compact channel significantly increased with increase in the nanoparticle concentration. The heat transfer rate for the nanofluids was approximately 23% higher than that of the base fluids at the same conditions. The thermal conductivity and Brownian motion of nanoparticles are important parameters to enhance the heat transfer performance. The heat transfer performance also increased with increase in fluid inlet temperature. On the other side pressure drop is also increased with the addition of copper oxide nanoparticles.

Heat Transfer using Nanofluid

Latest trend of miniaturization of thermal systems, calls for the improvement in their efficiency. Nanofluid contains the nanoparticles having large surface area and improves the thermal efficiency. This enhancement is the function of different mechanisms and parameter. This paper explores the heat transfer nature of nanofluids by addressing the experimental studies available in literature and conducting an experimental study using water based Copper oxide nanofluids. Nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy to confirm the material, size and morphology of the nanoparticles. Thermal conductivity analysis has been performed at 30˚C, 40˚Cand 50˚C with 0.1%,0.5% and 1% concentration by weight. Mechanism of agglomeration, concentration and size of particles are found to be more significant in affecting the heat transfer. The maximum enhancement of 22.9 % in thermal conductivity is found in case of 1% weight concentration nanofluids consisting of small size (20nm) nanoparticles at temperature of 50˚C.

Heat Transfer using Nanofluid

Latest trend of miniaturization of thermal systems, calls for the improvement in their efficiency. Nanofluid contains the nanoparticles having large surface area and improves the thermal efficiency. This enhancement is the function of different mechanisms and parameter. This paper explores the heat transfer nature of nanofluids by addressing the experimental studies available in literature and conducting an experimental study using water based Copper oxide nanofluids. Nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy to confirm the material, size and morphology of the nanoparticles. Thermal conductivity analysis has been performed at 30˚C, 40˚Cand 50˚C with 0.1%,0.5% and 1% concentration by weight. Mechanism of agglomeration, concentration and size of particles are found to be more significant in affecting the heat transfer. The maximum enhancement of 22.9 % in thermal conductivity is found in case of 1% weight concentration nanofluids consisting of small size (20nm) nanoparticles at temperature of 50˚C.