Copper Nanoparticles Research Articles

Template-Assisted Electrodeposited Copper Nanostructres for Selective Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide.

In this study, we demonstrate the electrodeposition of copper nanoparticles (NPs) on pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) utilizing sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as a soft template. The utilization of the surfactant had an impact on both the physical arrangement and electrochemical characteristics of the modified electrodes. The prepared Cu-SDS/PGE electrodes had hierarchical dendritic structures of copper NPs, thereby increasing the surface area and electrochemical catalytic activity in comparison with Cu/PGE electrodes. The Cu-SDS/PGE electrode showed excellent catalytic activity in reducing hydrogen peroxide, resulting in the sensitive and selective detection of hydrogen peroxide. The electrode exhibited a good sensitivity of 21.42 µA/µM/cm2, a lower limit of detection 0.35, and a response time of less than 2 s over a wide range spanning 1 µM to 1 mM of hydrogen peroxide concentrations. The electrodes were also highly selective for H2O2 with minimal interference from other analytes even at concentrations higher than that of H2O2. The approach offers the benefit of electrode preparation in just 5 min, followed by analysis in 10 min, and enables for the quantitative determination of hydrogen peroxide within 30 min. This can be achieved utilizing a newly prepared, cost-effective electrode without the need for complex procedures.

Room-temperature rapid oxygen monitoring system in high humidity hydrogen gas environment towards water electrolysis application

Water electrolysis is one of the key processes for carbon-free hydrogen (H2) generation, yet it inherently presents the risk of oxygen (O2) permeation, a significant concern that must be addressed. Contrary to external atmospheric conditions, the environment within a water electrolysis system is characterized exclusively by high-purity H2, little O2, and moisture (H2O). However, there has been limited research on sensors capable of detecting O2 crossover in such a pure H2 atmosphere under high humidity conditions. In this study, we developed an electrolysis O2 monitoring (E-OM) sensor based on a semiconducting metal oxide (SMO) that can operate at a room-temperature with such high humidity through photoactivation with 365 nm LED light. A porous In2O3 nanofilm, prepared by glancing angle deposition (GLAD), was used as the gas sensing material, and copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) were decorated on the In2O3 surface through electron beam evaporation to accelerate the O2 adsorption. Remarkably, the E-OM sensor showed a humidity-independent response to O2 gas in the H2 atmosphere. Meanwhile, since the response of the E-OM sensor itself was not fast enough for water electrolysis system application, convolutional neural network (CNN)-based signal processing in the time domain was applied. As a result, our E-OM sensor system could predict O2 concentrations from 0 to 2 vol% in an H2 environment with a relative humidity (RH) of 30–90 %, and the detection time was under 5 s. This development could enable safe, rapid, and cost-effective monitoring of O2 crossover in H2 production infrastructure.

Size-dependent effects of Cu° nanoparticles on electronic properties and ethanol dehydrogenation catalysis via Cu⁺-O-Cu⁺ species

Copper (Cu) nanoparticles, widely utilized as catalysts in industrial applications, exhibit intriguing behavior in structure-sensitive reactions like ethanol dehydrogenation. Contrary to expectations, the catalytic activity does not consistently increase as the size of Cu nanoparticles decreases. In Cu catalysts, the particle size significantly effects the Cu0/Cu+ ratio on the nanoparticle surface. Decreasing the size of Cu nanoparticles promotes their oxidation, leading to the formation of Cu+ and O2− species. This alteration subsequently influences the structural and electronic properties of the catalytic Cu sites. Through Cu nanoparticle calculations, the presence of an O ad-atom was identified to modify the electron density at the Cu site, thereby altering the ethanol adsorption energy and impacting the overall catalytic activity. The increase in O coverage, due to size effects, resulted in a notable decrease in the heat of adsorption on Cu nanoparticles (by approximately 20 kJ mol− 1). The observed high ΔEads indicates that more ethanol molecules could reach the transition state for the reaction, subsequently augmenting turnover rates (TOF) and reducing the apparent activation energy (Eaap) concerning Cu particle size.

Evaluation of the Effects of High Silver and Copper Nanoparticle Concentrations on Vaccinium myrtillus L. under Field Conditions.

The extensive development of nanotechnologies has allowed nanoparticles to impact living systems through different pathways. The effect of single exposure to high concentrations of silver and copper nanoparticles (50-200 mg/L) on Vaccinium myrtillus L. under field conditions was investigated. Nanoparticle uptake in different segments of Vaccinium myrtillus L. was assessed by applying inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy and a particle-induced X-ray emission technique. Copper nanoparticles mainly accumulated in the roots and leaves, while silver nanoparticles showed a higher affinity for the roots and berries. The nanoparticles' effects on the pigments and antioxidant activity of the plant's leaves were also evaluated. The possible human health risk associated with the consumption of nanoparticle-contaminated berries was assessed. The results indicated that the consumption of berries contaminated with nanoparticles presented a low risk for human health.

Aviation aspects of engine oil conveying copper tiny particles embedded in a rotating disk with a binary chemical reaction

Nanofluids have significant industrial applications and motivating heat transfer characteristics for various factors that contribute to the movement of nanofluids are essential significance. The aim of the present study focused on importance of heat transfer analysis on engine oil conveying copper nano particles embedded in a porous rotating disk with potential application in aerospace technology. In this model we considered magnetohydrodynamics, non-linear thermal radiation, thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The present investigation utilized copper nanoparticle and engine oil as a base fluid. The mathematical flow equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by employing suitable self-similarity variables. The resultant ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by using the Midrich technique in the Maple software. The results are calculated to measure the impact of active parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration equations are presented graphically and in tabular form. Higher values of the magnetic field parameter the velocity profile decreased while the opposite tendency we noticed on energy profile. When increasing the radiation parameter values the energy profile increased. In both cases when increasing the magnetic field and radiation parameter values the Nusselt number profile increased. The research has important implications in a number of real-world situations. In particularly, the advancement of aircraft technology has presented manufacturers with new criteria and problems for the functioning of their devices. It is essential that, in order to guarantee the secure operation of aerospace machinery, the failure mechanisms be identified and the operational durability of critical structural components be improved as quickly as possible.

Molecular dynamics study of the thermal radiatively pressure-driven flow of two immiscible hybrid nanofluids through a curved pipe with viscous dissipation

Hybrid nanomaterials significantly enhance thermal systems through improved thermal conductivity, efficient energy storage, and customized thermomechanical properties. Due to their superior thermophysical characteristics, hybrid nanofluids are crucial in fields such as industry, biomedicine, transportation, and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the current article scrutinizes the characteristics of heat transfer on the thermally radiative flow of two immiscible hybrid nanofluids through a curved pipe induced due to a pressure gradient in an axial direction. The pipe is divided into two distinct regions: namely, (i) Region 1 (core) is filled with base fluid kerosene oil containing copper (Cu) and carbon nanotube (CNT) nanoparticles, while (ii) Region 2 (peripheral) is filled with base fluid water containing zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles. The complex curvilinear coordinates called toroidal coordinates are used to form a mathematical model for the present problem. The fluid in the core region is assumed to be more viscous than that of the peripheral region as such types of flows are observed in real life (viz. blood flow through arteries). Equations governing the flow are considered without ignoring any curvature ratio terms and are solved analytically by considering the perturbation series. The continuity of velocities and shear stresses at the fluid-fluid interface is taken into account along with no-slip, symmetric, and regularity conditions while solving the two-fluid flow problem under consideration. The effect of various fluid parameters such as curvature ratio, Reynolds number, viscosity ratio, and density ratio on the axial velocity and temperature is studied through 2-dimensional graphs, contour plots, and streamlines. The results show that the axial velocity of immiscible fluids flow decreases with an increase in the concentration of nanomaterials. Heat transport characteristics of nanofluid are increased by the addition of nanomaterials.

Expression of concern: Copper nanoparticle anchored biguanidine-modified Zr-UiO-66 MOFs: a competent heterogeneous and reusable nanocatalyst in Buchwald-Hartwig and Ullmann type coupling reactions.

Expression of concern for 'Copper nanoparticle anchored biguanidine-modified Zr-UiO-66 MOFs: a competent heterogeneous and reusable nanocatalyst in Buchwald-Hartwig and Ullmann type coupling reactions' by Hojat Veisi et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 22278-22286, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA02634H.

Hydrogen Boride Sheets and Copper Nanoparticle Composites as a Visible‐Light‐Sensitive Hydrogen Release System

AbstractHydrogen boride (HB) sheet is a new class of 2D materials comprising hydrogen and boron, synthesized through ion‐exchange and exfoliation techniques. HB sheets can release hydrogen (H2) under light irradiation and is predicted to be a promising H2 storage material. However, its application is limited to the UV region. One approach to enable a visible‐light‐driven system is the utilization of plasmonic metallic nanoparticles. The present study reports H2 release from copper (Cu) nanoparticle‐modified HB sheet (HB/Cu) under visible‐light irradiation. Copper nanoparticles possess unique and strong plasmonic responses in the visible‐light range, making them ideal light absorbers in this system. HB/Cu nanocomposites are synthesized using a simple mixture of copper acetate and HB sheets in acetonitrile, where HB sheets reduced copper ions to metal copper nanoparticles. The photoirradiation results shows that HB/Cu nanocomposites released more H2 than the bare HB sheets under visible‐light irradiation. This is probably due to the plasmonic photothermal effect of copper metal, which enhances H2 generation from the HB sheets. This material offers a viable and cost‐effective approach for developing visible‐light‐sensitive systems.

Study on the preparation of bimetallic silver-copper nanoparticles by electron beam irradiation

Silver and copper nanoparticles are well-known as good antimicrobial agents. In this study, we reported the preparation and characterization of bimetallic silver-copper nanoparticles (Ag-CuNPs) prepared by the electron beam (EB) irradiation method. Chitosan (CTS) was used as a stabilizer agent. The obtained Ag-CuNPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The influence of the different concentrations in the range of 100–1,000 ppm of Ag+ and Cu2+ ions at the mass ratio of [Ag+]:[Cu2+] = 1/1 on the particle size and particle size distribution of the Ag-CuNPs was investigated. The TEM results showed that the average size of the Ag-CuNPs was 11.02–13.73 nm when the total concentration of Ag+ and Cu2+ ions was 250 – 1,000 ppm, respectively. The EB-irradiation method can be applied in the production of Ag-CuNPs on a large scale.

Utilization of Plant based Nanoparticles Emerging in Nano-biomedical Science to Target Drug Deliveries for Breast Cancer Treatment: Existing Work and Future Need

Abstract: Cancer is a major global health concern and a hereditary disease brought on by alterations in the genetic code that controls how cells behave. In the United States and other countries, breast cancer is very common among females. Through the development of innovative biocompatible Nanocomposites for therapy, which demonstrate a highly appropriate manner of nanoparticles, Nanomedicine offers incredible potential to develop cancer treatment and diagnosis. More than 60% of anticancer medications on the market today are derived from natural sources. Historically, plants have been used to treat a wide range of illnesses, including cancer. This work aimed to treat breast cancer with plant-based nanoparticles. The information was gathered from research that has already been published on Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. Different nanoparticles have been shown to be effective drug delivery agents to treat breast cancer. These include gold, silver, platinum, iron, zinc oxide, copper nanoparticles, and other metals, such as nickel, manganese, silica, titanium, palladium, cerium, and platinum. It was discovered that all metal preparation nanoparticles have an effective function in the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. In conclusion, the characteristics of biomolecules included in plant extracts may be connected to the greenproduced NPs. Because of their high effectiveness, plant based NPs synthesis will be necessary in the future to treat breast cancer.

Green synthesis of zero‐valent copper nanoparticles for removal of D‐yellow 119 textile dye from aqueous medium

AbstractZero‐valent copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were beneficially green synthesized via Ficus Benjamina leaves. Applying scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Ficus Benjamina nano zero‐valent copper (FB‐nZVCu), an innovative adsorbent, was examined. The obtained zero‐valent CuNPs have a size range of 16–18 nm. The removal of D‐yellow 119 dye from textile wastewater was tested using this novel adsorbent. Many operating parameters were examined and tested to control the adsorbent's maximum removal efficiency. These variables included dye concentration, stirring rate, time, pH, and adsorbent dosage. Different adsorption mechanisms have been tested, and the Langmuir isotherm (qmax = 21.83 mg g−1) and (R2 = 0.9993) represent adequate for the adsorption process. The FB‐nZVCu green adsorbent is a promising material for eliminating D‐yellow 119 from simulated and real samples, according to the data obtained and the fruitful analysis. The impact of different operating factors was examined using IBM SPSS Statistics software. They were shown to be responsible for approximately 94% of the factors influencing the removal process.

Melting rheology of Prandtl Eyring hybrid nanofluid flow with slip condition past a Riga Wedge through Darcy-Forchheimer medium

The current matter examines the 2D flow of Prandtl Eyring hybrid (Al2O3+Cu/SA) nanoliquid through a porous media with a velocity slip mechanism along the melted Riga wedge. A combination of Alumina (Al2O3) and Copper (Cu) nanoparticles in a sodium alginate (SA) base liquid is called a hybrid nanofluid. Furthermore, the physical meaning of the flow behavior is explored with Darcy-Forchheimer. Heat sink/source, nonlinear thermal energy, and viscous dissipation, applications all need the computation of heat transference. The current flow problem is modelled in the system of highly nonlinear PDEs based on flow assumptions. We use an appropriate similarity transformation to turn these PDEs into ODEs. We simulate the obtained paired nonlinear higher-order ODEs employing the ideas from the bvp4c Matlab scheme. With the help of the graphics, several physical dimensionless factors are discussed and their unique effects on the flow profile are shown. One of the study's most notable findings is that applying boundary slip and Riga impact can increase velocity because of weak electromagnetic forces. At lower velocities, wedge flow through a Darcy-Forchheimer medium is primarily driven by viscous resistance under Darcy's law, with little in the way of inertial forces. It is also noteworthy that the temperature differential, thermal radiation, nanoparticle volume percentage, and Eckert number all enhance the nanoliquid thermal profile in both Prandtl Eyring fluid and hybrid nanofluid. The Nusselt number is increased for both the melting and fluid parameters.

Silicon surface texturing via TBAB-SDS composite additives enhanced copper-assisted chemical etching

Uneven etching and low fabrication efficiency impede the large-scale applications of copper-assisted chemical etching (Cu-ACE) for texturing light-trapping structures on the surface of silicon wafers. To address this, a composite additive composed of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was introduced into the Cu-ACE system. The results indicated that TBAB accelerated the etching rate and improved the texturing uniformity, while SDS enlarged the size of the formed structures and enhanced their ultraviolet light absorption efficiency. The prepared inverted pyramid structure reduced the reflectivity of the silicon wafer surface to 3.8 %, thus exhibiting efficient light-trapping capabilities. The etching evolution under various TBAB concentrations and different HF/H2O2 ratios was studied by characterizing the surface contact angle and copper deposition morphology. The results indicated that electrostatic attraction between TBAB and dangling bonds on the silicon wafer surface enhanced material transfer at the reaction interface and changed the electron distribution around dangling bonds, thus facilitating the catalytic metal attack on these bonds. The copper ion reactivity was decreased due to complexation between the dissociated alkyl sulfate ions of SDS and copper ions, which favored the deposition of larger copper nanoparticles during etching, thereby increasing the size of structures. This research offers valuable insights to enable the large-scale applications of Cu-ACE.

Synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticle of Solanum Virginianum and Coccinia Grandis extract: A comparative study of thermal behavior

Synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticle of Solanum Virginianum and Coccinia Grandis extract: A comparative study of thermal behavior

Electroless Deposition for Robust and Uniform Copper Nanoparticles on Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Microfiltration Membranes.

Filtration membranes coated in metals such as copper have dramatically improved biofouling resistance and pathogen destruction. However, existing coating methods on polymer membranes impair membrane performance, lack uniformity, and may detach from their substrate, thus contaminating the permeate. To solve these challenges, we developed the first electroless deposition protocol to immobilize copper nanoparticles on electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers for the design of antimicrobial membranes. The deposition was facilitated by prior silver seeding. Distinct mats with average fiber diameters of 232 ± 36 nm, 727 ± 148 nm and 1017 ± 80 nm were evaluated for filtration performance. Well-dispersed copper nanoparticles were conformal to the fibers, preserving the open-cell architecture of the membranes. The copper particle sizes ranged from 20 to 140 nm. Infrared spectroscopy revealed the PAN fiber mats' relative chemical stability/resistance to the copper metallization process. In addition, the classical cyclization of the cyano functional group in PAN was observed. For model polystyrene beads with average sizes of 3 μm, Cu NP-PAN fiber mats had high water flux and separation efficiency with negligible loss of Cu NP from the fibers during flow testing. Fiber size increased flux and somewhat decreased separation efficiency, though the efficiency values were still high.

Electrochemical sensing of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) by adapted carbon paste electrode

The recent investigation targets to use adapted carbon paste (CP) with copper nanoparticles (CuNs) operating in a phosphate buffer (PBS) medium with a pH range of 5.0–8.0, to synthesize a novel, susceptible, and simple electrochemical sensor for the detection of one of the most important drugs, vitamin B6. Copper (Cu) is one of the most three common essential trace elements found in the bodies of both humans and animals, along with iron and zinc for all crucial physiological and biochemical functions. Its properties, which are assessed using a variety of methods including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), have also drawn a lot of attention recently. We considered the effects of pH, buffer, scan rate, interference, and calibration curve. The susceptible electrode's linear calibration curve encompassed concentration values between 8.88 and 1000.0 µM. The calculated limits of detection and quantification were 32.12 and 107.0 µM, respectively. Furthermore, this method was established in real human urine samples and drug validation which have been shown satisfactory results for vitamin B6 detection.

Carbon dioxide mixed air promoting plasma-driven nitrogen oxidation conversion

Utilization of plasma-driven direct nitrogen oxidation for the production of nitrates presents a promising strategy for realizing artificial nitrogen fixation while minimizing carbon emissions. However, the conventional plasma-driven synthesis method employing air as the feed gas exhibits unsatisfactory nitrogen conversion efficiency due to insufficient oxygen. In this study, we introduced carbon dioxide as an additional source of oxygen and mixed it with air, utilizing electrochemically synthesized copper nanoparticles as a catalyst, which significantly improved the efficiency of plasma-driven nitrogen oxidation. The introduction of carbon dioxide not only provides sufficient O* for the nitrogen oxidation process, but also facilitates the high-value conversion of carbon dioxide with 99.99% selectivity in the synthesis of carbon monoxide. Additionally, we also designed a cyclic reaction device to further enhance the nitrogen oxidation efficiency. As a result, this plasma-driven cycle reaction system achieved a maximum nitrogen conversion rate of up to 11.4%.

One‐Step Laser Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles and Laser‐Induced Graphene in a Paper Substrate for Non‐Enzymatic Glucose Sensing

AbstractThe synergy resulting from the high conductivity of graphene and catalytic properties of metal nanoparticle has been a resource to improve the activity and functionality of electrochemical sensors. This work focuses on the simultaneous synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and laser‐induced graphene (LIG) derived from paper, through a one‐step laser processing approach. A chromatography paper substrate with drop‐casted copper sulfate is used for the fabrication of this hybrid material, characterized in terms of its morphological, chemical, and conductive properties. Appealing conductive properties are achieved, with sheet resistance of 170 Ω sq−1 being reached, while chemical characterization confirms the simultaneous synthesis of the conductive carbon electrode material and metallic copper nanostructures. Using optimized laser synthesis and patterning conditions, LIG/CuNPs‐based working electrodes are fabricated within a three‐electrode planar cell, and their electrochemical performance is assessed against pristine LIG electrodes, demonstrating good electron transfer kinetics appropriate for electrochemical sensing. The sensor's ability to detect glucose through a non‐enzymatic route is optimized, to assure good sensing performance in standard samples and in artificial sweat complex matrix.

Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles from Terminalia arjuna (L.) bark extract: Characterization and potential for mercury degradation

The focus of this study is on synthesizing copper nanoparticles through a green approach, utilizing Terminalia arjuna bark extract. The ultra violet (UV) spectral analysis of copper nanoparticles synthesized through environmentally friendly methods revealed distinct absorption peaks at 287 nm, 575 nm, and 898 nm, indicative of significant light absorption. These peaks elucidate the nanoparticles' optical characteristics, shedding light on electronic transitions and surface plasmon resonance phenomena. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis displayed various peaks, suggesting vibrations associated with copper nanoparticles and functional groups in T. arjuna bark extract. The X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) data exhibited characteristic peaks corresponding to metallic copper's crystallographic planes, confirming the formation of highly crystalline copper nanoparticles. Atomic force microscopy results depicted surface morphology and particle size distribution. Copper nanoparticles show promise in mercury degradation due to their high surface area and catalytic activity. They interact effectively with mercury ions through adsorption, reduction, and oxidation processes, leading to sequestration or transformation into less toxic forms. Functionalization enhances their affinity towards mercury, while synergies with other nanomaterials boost efficiency. Green synthesized copper nanoparticles offer an eco-friendly solution for effective mercury remediation, promising advancements in sustainable nanotechnological approaches for global environmental sustainability. KEY WORDS: Mercury, Copper, Terminalia arjuna, Remediation Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(6), 1703-1713. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.16

Green synthesis and antimicrobial activity of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPS) by Piper longum fruit extract

Many applications of green synthesis in the field of environment and biomedicine aiming at decreasing the use of toxic chemicals through utilizing of plants which are safe. In this study, at 0.1 M concentration of copper sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O), CuNPs were prepared and identified by changing the blue color into green color (ethanolic extract) and from blue color to black color (water extract) and the spectrophotometric detection of ultraviolet and infrared spectra. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) pattern was utilized to confirm the crystal structure of CuNPs. The morphology and size of the CuNPs was measured by a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM). Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) was used for identification of the elemental composition of CuNPs involving copper and oxygen. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was utilized to confirm the shape of prepared copper nanoparticles. In vitro antibacterial activity was tested using two methods including desk diffusion assay considering zones of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against six types of certain bacterial types (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis). The results showed potent inhibitory activity of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and water extract (Ext. 2) against all bacterial strains. KEY WORDS: Copper nanoparticles, Piper Longum, Extract, Synthesis, Antibacterial Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(6), 1653-1666. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.12