Corrosion Behavior Of Copper Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of the Corrosion Behavior of Plain and Nanoporous Copper

This research investigates the corrosion behavior of copper (Cu) through a comprehensive analysis of both plain and nanoporous Cu thin films. A combination of weight-loss methods for quantitative analysis, along with polarization testing and scanning electron microscopy, is employed for both quantitative and qualitative assessments of Cu corrosion dynamics. The corrosion mechanisms in chloride and nitrate solutions are compared, with an additional discussion on the influence of atmospheric oxygen (O2). The results demonstrate that chloride ions and the presence of O2 create the most severe corrosion conditions, while the concentration of salts has a relatively minor effect on the corrosion behavior. Notably, the comparative study reveals that nanoporous Cu exhibits a greater corrosion tendency, as indicated by more negative corrosion potentials. However, its corrosion rates are lower than those of plain Cu, as determined by corrosion current density measurements.

Effect of Surface Polymeric Organosilicon Nanolayers on the Electrochemical and Corrosion Behavior of Copper.

The formation of polymeric self-organizing organosilicon surface nanolayers on copper occuring as a result of modification of the metal surface with organosilane-based formulations has been studied. The anticorrosive effect of such surface layers in corrosive chloride-containing electrolytes as well as in artificial and natural atmospheres has been studied in detail. It has been found that the maximum protective effect is observed at a thickness of 3.8 molecular layers, where the densest cross-linked polymer layers are formed that hinder the adsorption of chloride ions and other corrosive agents on the metal surface, thus significantly reducing the rate of their reactions with the surface copper atoms, and, as a result, inhibiting the corrosion and local anodic dissolution of the metal.

Effect of surface corrosion on the zeta potential of copper in acidic solutions

The comprehensive investigation was conducted to analyze the corrosion behavior and surface potential of pure copper surfaces in various acidic solutions. We carried out Zeta potential measurement, electrochemical measurement and in situ Raman spectroscopy to investigate the corrosion process and surface potential of copper in acidic solutions with different pH. It was found that the variation in zeta potential with pH corresponds to the corrosion behavior of copper during this process. In 1mmol / L aqueous chloride media, when the pH is greater than 3.5, unalloyed copper is oxidized to monovalent copper. At this stage, as the pH decreases, the zeta potential gradually increases. When the pH reaches 3.5, the Zeta potential reaches the highest, and the rate of cuprous oxide formation reaches the maximum. When the pH continues decrease, unalloyed copper begins to be oxidized to divalent copper, and the zeta potential will also decrease, the surface charge state shifts to the positive direction. Furthermore, our experimental findings are complemented by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.

Investigating the Effect of Explosive Welding Variables on the Corrosion Behavior of Copper–Aluminum–Copper in the Salt Environment

Investigating the Effect of Explosive Welding Variables on the Corrosion Behavior of Copper–Aluminum–Copper in the Salt Environment

Effective Corrosion Inhibition of Galvanic Corrosion of Cu Coupled to Au by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) in Acid Solution

This study investigates the effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the galvanic corrosion behavior of copper (Cu) coupled to gold (Au) in a printed circuit board (PCB) etching solution. Galvanic corrosion tests using ZRA (zero resistance ammeter) were performed to determine the optimal SDS concentration for corrosion inhibition. The corrosion current between Cu and Au decreased significantly with the addition of SDS, from 3.26 mA/cm2 to 0.248 mA/cm2 at 4 mM SDS, achieving an inhibitor efficiency (IE) of 92.3%. However, at 15 mM SDS, the corrosion current increased, and IE decreased to 80.5%. This phenomenon is attributed to the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SDS, where surfactant molecules aggregate and reduce surface adsorption properties. Similarly, ZRA tests were conducted to analyze the effects of PEG on galvanic corrosion. The corrosion current significantly decreased with PEG addition, achieving 98.1% IE at 1 g/L and 99.5% IE at 2 g/L. Beyond this concentration, no significant change in IE was observed, indicating saturation. Potentiodynamic polarization tests were also conducted to study the individual effects of SDS and PEG on Cu and Au. The results showed that SDS effectively inhibited Cu corrosion but had a minimal impact on Au. In contrast, PEG significantly reduced the corrosion current density for both Cu and Au, with reductions of 99.5% and 95.1%, respectively.

Effect of Temperature and NaClO on the Corrosion Behavior of Copper in Synthetic Tap Water

The corrosion behavior of copper was investigated in synthetic tap water with and without sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) at different temperatures during immersion for 70 d by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrochemical measurement techniques. The weight loss corrosion rate and pit depth of copper first increase and then decrease with the change in solution temperature from 25 to 80 °C. This is mainly related to the corrosion products formed on the copper surface. The main corrosion products change from Cu2O and Cu2(OH)2CO3 to CuO with the increase in solution temperature. The presence of 3 ppm NaClO slightly increases the weight loss corrosion rate and pit depth of copper under all temperatures except for 50 °C and reduces the temperature of the maximum corrosion rate from 50 to 40 °C. Free chlorine reduction accelerates the cathodic reaction of the corrosion process.

Studying the Effectiveness of an Expired Betamethasone Drug in Sulfuric Acid Solutions to Examine the Corrosive Behavior of Copper Using Weight Loss and Experimental Design

Utilizing expired pharmaceuticals as corrosion inhibitors for copper in acidic environments offers compelling advantages, including cost-effectiveness, reduced toxicity compared to traditional inhibitors, and contribution to pharmaceutical waste reduction through recycling. This study investigates the corrosion inhibition of copper in a sulfuric acid solution using varying concentrations of Expired Betamethasone Drug, employing weight loss and Experimental Design methods. The influence of temperature on copper's corrosion behavior is examined within the range of 293–333 K. Results show that inhibition efficiency increases with higher inhibitor concentrations but decreases with rising temperature. Thermodynamic analyses elucidate adsorption and activation processes, revealing that the adsorption of Expired Betamethasone Drug on copper surfaces is characterized as endothermic and spontaneous, aligning well with the Langmuir and Frumkin adsorption isotherms. The activation and free energies of inhibition reactions support a mechanism of physical adsorption. To establish the relationship between factors and responses, we employ response surface methodology (RSM) with regression statistical analysis and probabilistic assessment. Statistical analysis demonstrates highly significant quadratic models for inhibition efficiencies (IE) with a coefficient of multiple regressions (R²) of 0.999. Further model validation confirms a strong fit (adjusted R² = 0.997), with experimental observations closely matching predictions and a highly significant model (Q² = 0.989). The findings reveal that this expired drug exhibits substantial inhibitory power, exceeding 96%, in both experimental and predictive calculations.

Stress Corrosion Cracking of Copper in Humid Bentonite Powder

Copper is one of the candidate materials for over pack of nuclear waste geological disposal. Overpack would be exposed to hot oxygenated humid atmosphere in the initial stage of disposal, because air introduced during burying operation. In the present work, the authors examined the corrosion behavior of copper, which is contact with bentonite powder in humid environment. Specimens were prepared from oxygen-free pure copper sheets. The surface was groundwith SiC papers up to #2000 and then mirror-finished with alumina suspensions. Bentonite powder (Kunigel VI; Kunimine Ind., Co., Ltd.) was exposed to an air of 63, 75 and 80 % relative humidity at 60 ℃. Th bentonite power absorbs water, but is still keeping powder fluidity. The cupper specimens was buried in the humid bentonite power to observe behavior of corrosion, and also the Slow Strain Rate Testing (SSRT) was performed in the humid bentonite powder. Cathodic stripping voltammetry of specimens immersed in the humid bentonite power showedtwo peaks derived from copper oxide and copper sulfide to reveal thickness of corrosion products. Tarnish rupture type SCC of cupper was also confirmed by SSRT in the humid bentonite powder. In this presentation, correlation between properties of corrosion products and SCC susceptibility will be discussed.

Experimental Study Corrosion Parameters of Copper as an Eco-Friendly Heat Collector for Solar Water Heaters

The corrosion behaviour of copper as a solar collector material was adequately simulated in tests in a solar water heating system. The weight loss technique of corrosion determination was used under exposure conditions ranging from slightly acidic to alkaline. Uniform corrosion was observed and corrosion rates; calculated estimates of the life of a typical collector made of copper were evaluated and found to be below 0.0254 mmpy and the subsequent evaluation of the life of a 3mm thick pipe shows lives of over a hundred years under the varying exposure conditions. A significant fact is that uniform corrosion took place over the period of the test.

Investigation of copper corrosion behavior in chloride bath for nickel electrodeposition

The present study is devoted to the electrodeposition of nickel layers on copper substrates by cyclic voltammetry from chloride bath at a scan rate of 20 mV/s and at different bath temperatures between 25 and 55 °C and then after to their corrosion behavior in chloride bath. The electrochemical behavior and corrosion properties were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. While the surface analysis of nickel coating at different temperatures was conducted by optical microscopy and white light interferometer (WLI). The obtained results show that the Ni layers have been deposited successfully on the Cu substrates. It was found that raising the bath temperature to 55 °C leads to smoother, dense, compact and recovering Ni coatings with a grain size of 0.024 nm and 0.294 µm as average roughness, which is mainly due to Ni grain refinement. While the effect of increasing bath temperature leads to a decrease in the corrosion resistance of copper.

Electrochemical and surface investigations of copper corrosion in dilute oxychloride solution

The corrosion behavior of copper immersed in dilute oxychloride solution (100 μM) was studied through surface investigation and in-situ monitoring of open-circuit potential. The copper corrosion was initiated with copper dissolution into a form of CuCl2−, resulting in mass decrease within the first 40 h of immersion. This was followed by a hydrolysis reaction initiated by the CuCl2− at the copper surface, after which oxide products were formed and deposited on the surface, resulting in a mass increase. The formation of nucleation sites for copper oxide and its lateral extension during the corrosion process were examined using focused ion beam (FIB)-scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of metastable compounds such as atacamite (CuCl2·3Cu(OH)2) on the corroded copper surface was revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analysis.

Modeling Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Results of Cu and Cu-Thiosemicarbizide-Boron Nitride Nanosheets Electrodes in 3.5 wt% NaCl Solution, Based on an Electrochemical Reaction Mechanism

The corrosion behavior of copper and copper-functionalized boron nitride nanocomposites (Cu-BNNS) was studied in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Polarization curves and cyclic voltammetry experiments were used to differentiate the various stages of corrosion behavior. Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to understand the different steps in the degradation mechanism. The EIS results were analyzed using adsorption models at open circuit potential and at a bias potential of 250 mV, and different reaction kinetics parameters were quantified. During the first hour of immersion, the formation of CuCl increased on the Cu-BNNS, where the reaction constant for the formation of adsorbed CuCl was lower in the impedance model. However, on the Cu electrode, CuCl was not formed during the first hour, and the reaction constant was higher. The proposed model is consistent with the experimental observations from cyclic voltammetry, polarization, and scanning electron microscopy.

Effect of plasma treatment of copper on its corrosion behaviour in 3.5 % NaCl solution

The influence of plasma preoxidation treatment on the corrosion behaviour of copper in a 3.5 % NaCl solution was evaluated. The electrochemical techniques used included potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and linear polarization resistance at 20, 40 and 60 °C. The results showed that the preformed oxides included both cupric (CuO) and cuprous oxides (Cu2O). Potentiodynamic polarization curves showed a reduction in the corrosion current density value by one order of magnitude in the plasma-oxidized specimens. However, for longer exposure times, the corrosion rates were higher for the plasma-oxidized specimens. Corrosion rates increased with an increase in the testing temperature. The corrosion mechanism was changed by the plasma treatment since it was under charge control for the as-received specimens, whereas a diffusion-controlled mechanism was active for the plasma-oxidized specimens at temperatures of at least 20 °C.

Corrosion behavior of copper, aluminium, and stainless steel 316L in chicken fat oil based biodiesel-diesel blends

This study investigates the corrosion behavior of automotive materials in bio-based fuels. The Response Surface Methodology is employed to evaluate the corrosion rates of materials such as copper, aluminium, and stainless steel when they are exposed to chicken fat-based biodiesel. Copper, aluminium, and stainless steel showed minimum corrosion rate at a blend percentage of 5.86 % when they were immersed for 920 h and maximum corrosion rate at blend percentage 34.14 % when these were immersed for 920 h. Meanwhile, the maximum corrosion rate was observed at a blend percentage of 34.14 % corresponding to the same immersion period. Optimum values indicated by RSM for copper and aluminium were noted at a blend percentage of 10 % and an immersion period of 720 h. Similarly, for stainless steel 316 l, these were 10.91 % and 754.44 h, respectively. Additionally, trials using the B100 for 920 h were conducted on copper, aluminium, and stainless steel 316 l, and the results showed considerably higher corrosion rates than those previously found. The surface morphology of the materials was investigated by X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy, and it was revealed that copper was the most corrosive material in chicken fat oil-based biodiesel followed by aluminium and stainless steel 316 l.

Influence of blackberry leaf extract on the copper corrosion behaviour in 0.5 M NaCl

The research presented in this paper is focused on blackberry leaf extract (BLE) as a environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for copper in 0.5 M NaCl. The caffeic acid, quercetin-3-O-glucoside and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside were identified in BLE by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). The BLE functional groups were identified (ATR-FTIR). The electrochemical methods (potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical frequency modulation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) show that BLE acts as a mixed type of inhibitor (max. IE is 97.19 %). The corrosion process is controlled by diffusion (BLE lower than 15 g/L) and charge transfer (15 g/L BLE).

Temperature Effect on the Corrosion Behavior of Copper inhibited by3,4'-bi-1,2,4-Triazole in neutral salt-spray (NaCl 3%) Medium


 Abstract
 The temperature effect on the corrosion behavior of copper that was inhibited by 3,4'-bi-1,2,4-Triazole in NaCl 3% Medium was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization techniques. Inhibition effect was found to increase with decreasing the temperature. Polarization curves showed that 3,4'-bi-1,2,4-Triazole (bTA) act as mixed type inhibitors in 3% NaCl Medium. The obtained results showed that the 3,4'-bi-1,2,4-Triazole could serve as an effective inhibitor of the copper corrosion in 3% NaCl Medium at various temperature up to 55°C. 
 Keywords: copper, neutral salt-spray corrosion; electrochemical corrosion; corrosion behavior; corrosion resistance, 1,2,4-Triazole.

Evaluation of Anti-corrosive Efficacy of Prosopis Cineraria Extract on the Nitric Acid Corrosion of Copper

Anti-corrosive propensity of Prosopis cineraria extract on the corrosion behavior of copper (Cu) in nitric acid (HNO3) medium was investigated by applying gravimetric technique. Corrosion inhibition efficiency of Prosopis cineraria was observed to enhance with increasing concentration of extract and reduce with elevation in temperature. The inhibitor underwent physisorption on the Cu metal surface. Adsorption characteristics were approximated by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Highest inhibition efficiency (η%) 86.12 % was obtained at 303±1 K in fruit extract. It was observed that the extract acts as a benign potential corrosion inhibitor for Cu corrosion in 1.0 M HNO3 acid solution. Results revealed that existence of Prosopis cineraria extract enhances the energy of activation (Ea) of corrosion reaction. Adsorption parameters such as kinetic and thermodynamic [Gibbs free energy change (ΔG0ads) and adsorption equilibrium constant (Kads)] of adsorption process were determined from experimental data. These parameters show a strong interaction between surface of copper metal and inhibitor extract. The inhibitor adsorption process on surface of copper was found to be physical, exothermic and spontaneous. The surface morphology and characterization of copper was done by applying scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Corrosion Behavior of Copper Exposed in Marine Tropical Atmosphere in Rapa Nui (Easter Island) Chile 20 Years after MICAT

Atmospheric corrosion of copper, exposed on a tropical island in the South-Central Pacific Ocean, was reported and compared with those of a very similar study at the same site conducted 20 years earlier. The new measurements—taken over three years of exposure, from 2010 to 2013—quantified corrosion by mass loss, characterized corrosion products by X-ray diffraction (DRX) and Raman techniques, observed the attack morphology by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and evaluated the patina resistance using electrochemical techniques. The results showed a copper corrosivity category of C4, and the main copper patina compound, cuprite, was porous, nonhomogeneous, and thin. Electrochemical measurements showed cuprite layer growth as a function of the exposure time, and the morphology did not favor corrosion protection. Finally, when comparing the results to those of a study 22 years previous, the copper corrosion rates increased only slightly, even with increased contaminants associated with growing local populations and continuous tourism on the island.

Investigation of Inhibitory Effect of the Rubus idealis L. Extract on Corrosion of Copper

The aim of this work was to examine the impact of raspberry extract (Rubus idaeus L.) on copper corrosion characteristics. The raspberry leaf extract was prepared using Soxhlet extraction with ethanol as solvent. The estimation of the total polyphenol content in the obtained sample was determined by UV/Vis spectrophotometric method. The identification and quantification of phenolic acids was performed using HPLC analytical method.In addition, the aim of this work was to examine the impact of individual phenolic compounds (rutin, gallic acid, quercetin, and catechin hydrate) on the corrosion properties of copper. . , The corrosion rate of copper with the extract of the raspberryleafof the Polkavariety was tested. A copper corrosion test was performed in a 3% NaCl solution without and in the presence of the extract. The copper polarization resistance (Rp) values in 3% NaCl solution without and in the presence of the extract weredetermined by the linear polarization method. The corrosion behavior of copper in 3% NaCl solution without and in the presence of extract was determined by specific electrochemical parameters: corrosion potential (Ecorr), corrosion current density (Icorr), and slopes of the anode (βa) and cathode (βk). The electrochemicalimpedance spectroscopy method was used to examine the corrosion behavior of copper in 3% NaCl solution without and in the presence of extract. The results obtained by Tafel extrapolation showed that the corrosion rate decreases in the presence of the tested extract. Studies conducted by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method show that the tested extract slows down the kinetics of the corrosion process, which is visible through an increase in resistance. The results confirm that the examined extract can be used for protection in an aggressive medium, such as a 3% NaCl solution.

Influence of Relative Humidity and Oxygen Concentration on Corrosion Behaviour of Copper in H2S-Containing Liquid Petroleum Gas

In this paper, the influences of relative humidity (RH) and concentration of O2 on copper corrosion in H2S-containing LPG (liquid petroleum gas) were studied. The corrosion products obtained in different environments were also analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In H2S-containing LPG, RH has pronounced influence on the corrosion grade of copper. The variation in the critical point (CP) with the RH of LPG is a linear relationship. The presence of O2 in dry H2S has limited influence on the corrosion of copper. In the presence of different RHs, the CP always follows a negative exponential function with O2 concentration. The analysis of different corrosion products implies different corrosion behaviours and mechanisms, which are dependent on the presence or absence of water vapour. The corrosion mechanisms obtained in four different environments were also proposed.