Coping Preferences Research Articles

Psychological aspects in day-case surgery

Many reasons have helped to achieve the expansion of day surgery in health care system. First, surgical and pharmacological advances have dramatically reduced length of hospitalizazion needed for recovery from anaesthesia and operation. Second, day surgery has the potential to be more cost-effective than inpatient surgery. Third, patients generally are satisfied with day surgery because they have no or minimal side effects, are discharged the same day they have surgery and there is a minimal disruption in their everyday life. In this new era of safe, efficient, convenient, economical and speedy surgical interventions and minimal hospital stay, considerable attention must be given to some psychological issues, as anxiety and its management and information provision. Several studies have highlighted causes and degree of anxiety experienced by patients admitted in day surgery and a lack of an adequate and documented support. A combination of consistent strategies and interpersonal skills may have the potential to become the base of a formal psychoeducational plan implemented to manage anxiety. An essential component of anxiety management is information provision. Since lack or inadequacy of information is one of the main complaints with day surgery and the most common cause of patients' dissatisfaction, a formal and structured programme of information delivery is required. The timely and appropriate provision of different levels of information tailored to patient's coping styles and preferences has been strongly recommended. The information provided must cover the whole range of procedural, behavioural and sensory information and include pre-operative, operative and post-operative phases.

Personality Dimensions in Schizophrenia: Associations with Symptoms and Coping Concurrently and 12 Months Later

Background: Research has indicated that stable individual differences in personality exist among persons with schizophrenia, and that they likely predate the onset of illness. Less is known about whether individual differences in personality are related to levels of psychopathology and function. Sampling and Methods: This study tested the hypotheses that levels of neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness are associated with symptomatology and coping in schizophrenia both concurrently and as measured 12 months later for 46 participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Baseline assessments were conducted, which included measurements of the personality dimensions of neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness measured using the NEO, coping preferences using the Ways of Coping Questionnaire and symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. The symptom and coping measures were repeated 12 months after the date of the baseline assessment. Results: Univariate correlations comparing baseline assessments suggested that higher neuroticism and lower extraversion were concurrently linked to more emotional discomfort and avoidant coping. Agreeableness was linked only to positive symptoms. Correlations controlling for baseline levels revealed greater levels of neuroticism at baseline, predicted a preference for resigning when under stress and higher emotional discomfort 12 months later. Lesser levels of agreeableness continued to predict greater positive symptoms 12 months later. No long-term associations were found between coping and symptoms at 12 months with levels of extraversion. Conclusions: The results suggest individual differences in personality are associated with psychopathology in schizophrenia and may affect function over time. More research is needed with broader samples and with more frequent follow-up assessments.

Neurocognitive Deficits as a Barrier to Psychosocial Function in Schizophrenia: Effects on Learning, Coping, and Self-Concept

Recently, research has linked deficits in neurocognition, which emerge early in schizophrenia, with psychosocial impairments. However, it is uncertain how these deficits lead to sustained dysfunction. In this review, we explore how neurocognitive deficits could disrupt function at three levels: learning, coping preference, and self-concept. We offer a model in which neurocognitive impairment may directly limit skills acquisition and the development of a rich personal narrative. We suggest that both limited skills acquisition and an impoverished narrative may subsequently feed into a habitual style of avoidant coping, leading to a cycle of sustained dysfunction. Implications for cognitive, rehabilitation, and psychotherapeutic interventions are discussed.

Gender-specific issues in cardiac rehabilitation: do women with ischaemic heart disease need specially tailored programmes?

Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) has changed from a disease of middle-aged men in the late 1970s to a disease of elderly women in the 2000s. Most clinical studies during the past three decades have been conducted with men. Cardiac rehabilitation programmes were also developed with special regard to improving the rate of return to work in middle-aged men. The rehabilitation needs of older patients and women in particular have been largely neglected. The aim of this review is briefly to outline our present knowledge on gender issues in cardiac rehabilitation, and to specify barriers with regard to physical activities especially in (older) women. Coping with a cardiac event, women tend to minimize or play down the impact of their health situation and avoid burdening their social contacts. After a first cardiac event, women report greater psychological distress and lower self-efficacy and self-esteem. In addition, older age, lower exercise levels and reduced functional capacity or co-morbid conditions such as osteoporosis and urinary incontinence are barriers to physical activities in women with IHD. Recent studies on psychosocial intervention revealed less favourable results in women compared with men. These findings have not yet been well explained. This emphasizes our current lack of knowledge about the processes and determinants of successful psychosocial interventions in men and women with IHD. A large (European) trial on gender-specific coping styles, needs, and preferences of older women, and the effects of psychosocial intervention is proposed.

Stress, coping and consumer preferences: a two‐way transitional event history analysis

AbstractMore than 20 years ago, Andreasen suggested the importance of studying life status changes for understanding a consumer’s likelihood of changing his or her preferences, attitudes and behaviours. The present study attempts to further advance this approach by providing a conceptual framework within which future research can be conducted. It also suggests the utilization of newly developed statistical techniques congenial to studying changes in behaviours and preferences over time. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal data are used to fill gaps in previous research and demonstrate the value of this approach. While Andreasen’s data revealed a significant negative relationship between stress due to life status changes and brand preference changes when subjected to conventional analysis, the two‐way transitional event history analysis of our data yielded a significant positive relationship between the two variables. The results suggest that when a consumer experiences high levels of stress, he or she is likely to engage in subsequent consumption‐coping behaviours which include changes in brand preferences.

Being restricted in participation after a traumatic brain injury is negatively associated by passive coping style of the caregiver

Purpose: To examine whether the caregivers’ coping style is associated with the functional outcome of the traumatic brain injury (TBI) patient 1 year post-injury.Method: A cross-sectional study among patients with a TBI, including their primary caregivers. The study included 51 patients aged 17–64 years with a moderate-to-severe TBI and 51 caregivers (23 parents and 28 partners) aged 23–67 years. The coping preferences of the caregivers were assessed at minimum 6 and maximum 12 months post-injury, by filling out the Utrecht Coping List (UCL) and were related to limitations in activity, as measured with the Frenchay Activities Index and with restrictions in participation as measured with the Sickness Impact Profile-68 of TBI patients 1 year post-injury. The patients were interviewed at their homes; the caregivers received and returned the UCL by mail.Results: The patients’ age and the caregivers’ coping style are independently associated with restrictions in participation 1 year post-injury.Conclusions: A passive coping style of the primary caregiver is negatively associated with the patient's functional outcome in terms of participation in society.

Genetic susceptibility testing for Alzheimer disease: Motivation to obtain information and control as precursors to coping with increased risk

Objective This study investigated appraisals, including motivation, and coping preferences for undergoing Apolipoprotein E (APOE) susceptibility testing for Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods Participants were 60 adult children of individuals affected with AD enrolled in a trial investigating use and impact of APOE susceptibility testing. An exploratory qualitative study was undertaken in which participants were interviewed about their testing experience. Results Most participants viewed genetic testing as providing valuable information that could help direct future health care decisions and meet their emotional concerns about living at increased risk. Participants related their motivation for genetic testing to their worries about developing AD, preference to seek information about health threats, and need to feel in control of their health. Conclusion Even without prevention or treatment options, genetic testing may be a useful coping strategy for some at-risk individuals. Practice implications Once testing becomes clinically available, practitioners need to address the value and limitations of testing as well as appraisals and efforts to cope.

Obsessive–compulsive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia: Associations with coping preference and hope

Although agreement exists regarding the high occurrence of obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms in schizophrenia, it is less clear how OC symptoms are related to the traditional symptoms of schizophrenia and co-occurring deficits. One possibility is that there may be two distinct groups of persons with schizophrenia who experience OC symptoms: one group with poor and another with relatively good function. In the present study, the relationships between OC symptoms, coping, and hope were examined among 67 persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. First, participants with significant levels of OC symptoms were compared with participants without OC symptoms. Then, participants with significant levels of both OC symptoms and negative symptoms were compared with participants with negative symptoms, but no OC symptoms, and to participants with neither OC symptoms nor negative symptoms. Analysis of variance revealed participants with significant levels of OC symptoms were significantly more likely to experience greater levels of hopelessness and endorse a preference for avoidant focused coping strategies relative to participants without significant OC symptoms. Participants with both negative symptoms and OC symptoms also had less hope and greater preferences for ignoring stressors than participants with negative symptoms but no OC symptoms and participants with neither OC symptoms nor negative symptoms. Implications for theory, practice and research are discussed.

Coping preferences of head and neck cancer patients - Indian context

Cancer is a major health-related stress and demands adequate coping. Patients with head and neck carcinoma (HNC) often face exhaustive and debilitating treatment as well as physical and functional residual effects such as disfigurement, compromised speech, dry mouth and difficulty in swallowing. Understanding how patients cope with these challenges is important in comprehensive care of patients with HNC. To assess and evaluate the coping preferences of head and neck cancer patients. Towards this goal, a prospective study was conducted at the Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai. 176 HNC patients participated in the study. The age group ranged from 19 to 87 years. The questionnaire used for assessing coping preferences was Jalowiec coping preference scale containing 40 items, with responses ranging on a 5-point scale. The variables chosen were treatment, site, education, survival, age and gender. SPSS 9.0 version was used for both descriptive and multivariate analysis. No significant difference was observed in the preference of Emotion-Oriented Coping (EOC) in relation to age, treatment, site, education and survival. Treatment, site, education and gender showed significant differences in the preference of Problem-Oriented Coping (POC). There was, however, no difference in the preference of POC among the patients with different survival periods and age. In conclusion, HNC patients adapt both EOC and POC during the course of the illness. Literates, males and patients subjected to different modalities of treatment preferred more of POC compared to other groups.

Association of neurocognition, anxiety, positive and negative symptoms with coping preference in schizophrenia spectrum disorders

It is recognized that persons with schizophrenia tend to cope with stress in a relatively avoidant and ineffectual manner and that this coping style is linked to poorer outcome. Less is understood, however, about the interrelationship between symptoms, deficits in neurocognition and coping style in schizophrenia. To determine the extent to which various neurocognitive deficits and symptoms are related to coping style in schizophrenia, measures of positive symptoms, negative symptoms, state and trait anxiety levels, verbal memory and executive function were correlated with self-report of preference for a range of active and avoidant coping strategies. Participants were 42 persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorders enrolled in outpatient psychiatric care. Stepwise multiple regressions indicated that greater preferences for taking action when faced with a stressor were significantly (p<.05) linked to lesser positive symptoms and lesser state anxiety while greater preferences for thinking or talking about possible solutions were linked to lesser impairments in neurocognition. A greater preference for resigning in the face of stress was significantly linked to greater levels of negative symptoms and trait anxiety, while a preference to ignore stressors was linked to both greater levels of positive symptoms and graver impairments in neurocognition. Implications for understanding the genesis of psychosocial dysfunction and for the development of rehabilitative interventions are discussed.

Hope, Awareness of Illness, and Coping in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Controversy exists regarding whether awareness of schizophrenia is linked with healthier or poorer psychosocial function. This study examined whether hope might interact with insight to affect function at the level of active versus avoidant coping preferences among 96 persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Factorial multivariate analysis of variance comparing groups classified on the basis of hope and insight scores revealed a significant interaction between hope and insight (Wilks lambda = 2.7; p< 0.05). Post hoc analyses indicated that persons with high insight and high hope demonstrated the most adaptive coping preferences, whereas those with high insight and lower hope demonstrated the least.

Perceived family support, negative mood regulation expectancies, coping, and adolescent alcohol use: Evidence of mediation and moderation effects

The stressor vulnerability model of alcohol use posits that individuals learn to use drinking as a coping response when they believe healthier means of coping are unavailable. The present study evaluated hypotheses derived from the model adding two potential coping resources that may be important for adolescents—perceived family support and expectancies for negative mood regulation. Students in Grades 9–12 ( N=210, 50% female) completed self-report measures of family environment, alcohol expectancies, coping preferences, negative mood regulation, motives for drinking, and drinking behavior. Recent drinking, lifetime drinking, and drunkenness were positively associated with stronger tension reduction alcohol expectancies, and drinking to cope (DTC) completely mediated these relations. DTC also was associated with avoidant coping dispositions and with the interaction between tension reduction alcohol expectancies and avoidant coping dispositions. Family support and NMR expectancies were only modestly correlated with DTC and not correlated with drinking measures. In regression analyses, family support and NMR expectancies were not associated with DTC independent of tension reduction expectancies and avoidant coping disposition. However, these two coping resource variables moderated the relations of other predictors with DTC and with drunkenness. The present study supports the stressor vulnerability model and highlights the importance of family support and NMR expectancies as coping resources related to drinking processes. Because many of the tenets of the model appear to extend to adolescents, it may have considerable utility as a conceptual framework for the design and implementation of prevention programs.

The Impact of Property Rights on Households’ Investment, Risk Coping, and Policy Preferences: Evidence from China

Even though it is widely recognized that giving farmers more secure land rights may increase agricultural investment, scholars contend that, in the case of China, such a policy might undermine the function of land as a social safety net and, as a consequence, not be sustainable or command broad support. Data from three provinces, one of which had adopted a policy to increase security of tenure in advance of the others, suggest that greater tenure security, especially if combined with transferability of land, had a positive impact on agricultural investment and, within the time frame considered, led neither to an increase in inequality of land distribution nor a reduction in households' ability to cope with exogenous shocks. Household support for more secure property rights is increased by their access to other insurance mechanisms, suggesting some role of land as a safety net. At the same time, past exposure to this type of land right has a much larger impact quantitatively, suggesting that a large part of the resistance to changed property rights arrangements disappears as household familiarity with such rights increases.

A college community's vicarious stress reaction to September 11th terrorism.

This study examined the effects of vicarious exposure to the September 11 terrorist attacks in an academic community, just after the three-month period that delineates acute from chronic post-traumatic stress. An entire academic community of 1693 students, faculty, and staff was surveyed electronically regarding their perceived stress symptoms and coping behaviors. The survey yielded a 37 percent response rate. About 76 percent showed one or more substantial symptoms of stress, and 32 percent showed three or more. The most prominent symptom clusters involved persistent avoidance and persistent arousal. Respondents primarily relied on coping through optimism, reassessing priorities and relationships, giving and receiving support, and becoming better informed on terrorism-related topics. Differences in symptoms and coping preferences were found based on sex, group (student, faculty, staff), and exposure to previous crisis. This study indicates that despite time and distance from the site of the terrorism, all segments of a college community continue to experience some degree of distress. Such distress can interfere with academic performance, personal health, and relationship stability. Rather than rely on formal support service delivery, most appear to rely on established interpersonal relationships. This suggests that providing support to vicarious victims in the future might emphasize training for friends and family, rather than relying on established service delivery systems. Language: en

Choice of Land Tenure in China: The Case of a County with Quasi‐Private Property Rights

Previous articleNext article No AccessChoice of Land Tenure in China: The Case of a County with Quasi‐Private Property Rights*James Kai‐sing KungJames Kai‐sing KungHong Kong University of Science and Technology Search for more articles by this author Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 50, Number 4July 2002 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/343135 Views: 138Total views on this site Citations: 29Citations are reported from Crossref © 2002 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Lawrence W.C. LAI, Stephen N.G. DAVIES, K.W. CHAU, Lennon H.T. CHOY, Mark H. CHUA, Terry K.W. 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Land Rights in Rural China: Facts, Fictions and Issues

China's rural economic reforms radically altered land tenure in rural China. With the granting of land use rights and residual income rights to farming households between 1979 and 1983, agriculture shifted from a collective-based to a familybased system. Land was not privatized, however. Ownership remained "collective", with local officials, typically at the village level, exercising a major influence over the allocation of land and the way households could use land. The initial land allocations to families were typically based on household size, household labour supply, or both. The central government's policy was that these allocations were supposed to be for 15 years. In some villages, land use contracts have been respected; in other villages, however, local leaders have periodically redistributed land among households and have intervened throughout the reform period to determine how farmers are able to use the land. The initial reforms triggered an unprecedented acceleration of agricultural growth in China. From 1979 to 1984, the gross value of agricultural output increased in real terms at an annual rate of 7.6 per cent, and grain production rose by 4.9 per cent annually.' Empirical studies attribute a significant part of this increase to enhanced incentives, as farmers were able to keep the output and

Exploratory evidence of coping styles following acute stress in sport

The purpose of this study was to examine evidence of coping style following eight stressful events in competitive sport. Participants consisted of 140 athletes, 102 males and 38 females, ranging in age from 18 to 43 yrs (M = 23.1 years) from New South Wales, Australia, representing a range of competition levels and sports. An inventory was generated that measured athletes' coping styles, depicted as approach (eight items) and avoidance (eight items). All 140 participants had experienced only three of the eight original sources of stress: Opponent Success, Making an Error, and Bad Call. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted on athletes' coping responses to one of these stressors. Opponent Success, resulting in three factors explaining 41% to 55% of the variance. These were labelled “refocus”, “contemplation”, and “rationalisation” coping styles, conceptually commensurate with avoidance, approach, and avoidance coping styles, respectively. The three-factor model representing approach and avoidance coping styles was subsequently supported by confirmatory factor analyses conducted on two stressors, Making an Error and Bad Call. Cross-situational consistency coefficients of r = 0.32 (refocus), 0.39 (contemplation), and 0.47 (rationalisation) indicate that the athletes were reasonably consistent in their coping responses across three stressful situations, while also displaying a degree of variability in coping preferences. It was concluded that athletes exhibit a coping style and that approach and avoidance coping styles appear to be a valid framework within which to examine the coping process in sport.

Predicting change in depression following renal transplantation: Effect of patient coping preferences.

Improvement in patient quality of life is a central goal of renal transplantation. This study examined the hypothesis that change in depression following transplantation would vary as a function of patient coping preferences. Sixty patients were assessed with the Krantz Health Opinion Survey and the Beck Depression Inventory while on the waiting list for a cadaveric renal transplant. Patients were reassessed approximately 12 months later. Among the 33 patients receiving a transplant during the follow-up period, those with a high preference for health-related information exhibited a substantial reduction in depression. In contrast, patients low in preference for information showed a slight increase in depression. Among the 27 patients who were not transplanted during the follow-up period, preference for information had no effect on depression. Patient differences in preference for behavioral involvement did not exert a significant effect on depression.

Predicting change in depression following renal transplantation: Effect of patient coping preferences.

Predicting change in depression following renal transplantation: Effect of patient coping preferences.

A Note on the Causal Factors of China's Famine in 1959–1961

A Note on the Causal Factors of China's Famine in 1959–1961