Coping Methods Research Articles

Hope, coping strategies, and their predictors in older patients with prostate and breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy: A cross-sectional study.

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the level of hope, coping methods, and the factors affecting them in patients aged 60 years and over who were diagnosed with breast and prostate cancer and who were receiving radiotherapy (RT) as part of their treatment. A total of 66 patients (37 breast cancer and 29 prostate cancer patients) were included in this cross-sectional study. The RT and treatment information of the patients were collected by using the records in the hospital database. The scale responses, baseline characteristics, and demographic information of the participants were collected through the questionnaire form and scales [HHI (Heart Hope Index), COPE (Coping Attitudes Assessment Scale), and VAS (Visual Analogue Scale)]. Two surveys were administered to the participants before and after radiotherapy treatment. A first survey was administered to the participants 10-15 days before radiotherapy treatment, and the second survey was administered within 2-3 weeks after radiotherapy treatment. The weight and waist circumference of the patients were also measured before and after radiotherapy. The median age of the participants was 65 (interquartile range (IQR): 62.0-70.2) years. There was a decrease in the weight (mean change (MC): -1.5, 95% CI: -2.9 to -0.2, P = 0.029) and waist circumference (MC: -1.8, 95% CI: -3.2 to -0.4, P = 0.014) of the participants after RT. There was no significant change in the HHI (MC: 0.4, 95% CI: -0.7 to 1.5) and COPE (MC: -0.6, 95% CI: -3.2 to 2.0) total scores of the patients before and after RT (P = 0.459 and P = 0.650, respectively). When only patients with prostate cancer were studied, the self-help sub-dimension of COPE (MC: -1.5, 95% CI: -2.7 to -0.3, P = 0.013) was found to be lower. Multidimensional evaluations and interventions may be required in terms of hope levels and coping attitudes of cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. There is an increasing need for further studies in larger populations and cohorts related to this topic in the literature.

Trauma Levels After the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes in Türkiye

The purpose of this study is to determine the post-earthquake trauma levels of individuals who experienced the earthquakes that occurred on February 6, 2023, in Türkiye. 2034 individuals who experienced the earthquake were reached through cross-sectional design and convenience sampling methods within the scope of this study. “Socio-demographic information form” and the “Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Determining Scale” were used as data collection tools. An Independent Sample T Test, One-Way ANOVA test and Pearson Correlation Analysis were performed through IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Results of the research reveal that the trauma levels of the participants are influenced by the following factors: being young, female, and single; low income level; having been diagnosed with a mental illness before the earthquake; being trapped under the rubble; injury and/or death of a family member; witnessing the collapse of buildings and witnessing someone being seriously injured; destruction or damage to the house; staying in temporary housing after the earthquake; losing a large amount of property/money; and, migrating to another city. Praying and seeking support from family and social networks were the most commonly used coping methods. The research results are anticipated to contribute to the utilization of trauma-related information in post-earthquake social services.

Navigating the Storm: Coping with Conflict and Political Change for Mental Health Resilience

The severe impact of conflicts-which often occur in chaotic and unstable environments-has on mental health, both for people and communities. South-East Asia incurs a disproportionately significant invisible cost to mental health due to persistent political instability, global conflicts, and terrorism.1 These events may induce anxiety and stress, which may culminate in an array of mental health issues, including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and generalized anxiety disorders. These circumstances are rendered more catastrophic by the continuous threat of violence, displacement, and loss, which makes it challenging for people to retain their resilience in terms of mental health. For example, the prolonged conflict in Kashmir has had a significant impact on people’s mental health in the region.2 Several psychological wounds are the result of sustained violence and uncertainty. Similarly, millions of people in the region have experienced suffering and grief because of terrorism and political unrest.2 Communities impacted by these crises in these areas have a cumulative strain on their mental health.3 The general well-being of these communities is declining due to various factors, including increased stress levels, restricted access to healthcare, and an atmosphere of uncertainty.4 The visible psychological impact on people and their neighbours underscores the importance of acknowledging the broader implications of these crises on mental health. To develop and maintain mental health resilience amid these challenges, people must learn coping mechanisms.5 Recognizing the seriousness of this issue is crucial, but so is offering those impacted resources and assistance. Numerous therapies and coping mechanisms may be helpful. Teaching individuals about the psychological consequences of political unrest and violence is one of academia’s most essential roles. Academic institutions may reduce stigma, increase awareness, and encourage people to seek assistance by conducting research and implementing educational programmes.6 To assist people and communities in overcoming trauma and developing resilience, mental health practitioners can provide psychosocial interventions like counselling and therapy.7 For those impacted, establishing support systems within communities may be a beneficial resource. These networks may allow people access to mental health experts and a safe atmosphere to discuss their feelings and experiences. Mental health professionals can conduct workshops on resilience building, and these sessions can offer valuable strategies and skills to improve psychological resilience in the face of hardship.8 Access to Services for Mental Health is imperative for governments and non-governmental organizations to guarantee that mental health treatments are easily accessible to individuals who require them.9 This involves encouraging the education and placement of mental health specialists in conflict-affected regions. Understanding and resolving the mental health issues brought on by political unrest and violence are critical tasks for academia. Research in this area is crucial to clarify the intricate relationship between political instability and mental health. Scholars can make the following contributions: Research and Data Analysis: Academic institutions might research to understand better the psychological impacts of political unrest and violence in Pakistan and South-east Asia.10 We can determine patterns and risk factors by gathering information and examining the mental health conditions of impacted groups. Policy Recommendations: Based on their research, academia might advocate policies to facilitate better access to mental health care in places affected by violence.11 When tackling the mental health problem, countries and international organizations can follow these guidelines. Public Awareness Initiatives: To de-stigmatize mental health concerns and motivate people to seek therapy, academia may initiate public awareness initiatives. Advertisements might also inform the public about the distinct symptoms and signs of diseases linked to trauma. Training and Capacity Building: Educational establishments have the potential to provide instruction to mental health professionals who can work in areas of conflict. The training may concentrate on culturally aware methods and the difficulties brought on by trauma associated with conflicts.9 There cannot be denying the relationship between political unrest, global conflicts, and terrorism and the impact they have on mental health. These situations have a profound impact on people and communities, frequently resulting in severe mental health problems. In addition to academia’s active participation, coping methods and treatments can assist in lessening these difficulties and support individuals who require it. Prioritizing mental health as the foundation of resilience is crucial as we address the ongoing conflicts in these areas. To address this critical issue and ensure that people and communities can manage the storm of political transition with their mental health, academic research, community support, and government policy must collaborate.

Using smart and connected health services to cope with pandemics: The interaction effects of event and coping appraisals

Pandemics like COVID-19 disrupt conventional healthcare services, pushing toward smart and connected health solutions including mobile healthcare applications. However, the dynamics of disruptive events influencing smart health service adoption are not well-understood. By incorporating the concept of event disruption into cognitive appraisal theory, this paper develops a research model on how individuals’ event appraisals (event disruption and event threat) interact with coping appraisals (response efficacy and self-efficacy) of smart and connected health services in driving their future usage of smart and connected health services as a coping method. We tested the model using a mixed-methods approach with quantitative and qualitative data. First, we conducted an online survey to collect quantitative data from individuals with experience in using smart and connected health services. The results showed that the moderating effect of the cognitive appraisals of an external event stimulated the usage of smart and connected health services. We then collected archival qualitative data via multiple social media platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic to cross-validate the results of the quantitative study. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

Workplace mental health resilience: usability and impact study of a mental health coping mobile app on a corporate setting

IntroductionMental health resilience is crucial to professional wellbeing and productivity, being that 57% of company employees are reporting burnout. Additionally, early-stage preventive mental health interventions are not common, and typically employees only have access to mid-stage professional care.ObjectivesThe aim of this project is to provide employees with a preventive self-coping tool, enabling open and inclusive care. Specifically, the aim is to assess the receptivity, usability and impact of the usage of a mobile app that provides coping strategies based on positive psychology and a burnout-risk screening.MethodsA mobile app was used with the purpose of being accessible to everyone, independently of their financial capacity. The app also promotes inclusiveness, by aggregating several approaches and methods for mental health coping, which are recommended given the needs of each user. The app was released to a large Portuguese company with 700 employees, in which employees could download it voluntarily.ResultsAfter 7 months, the results showed 37% receptivity rate, 24% improvement on anxiety levels, 36% improvement on workplace wellbeing, 23% increase on mental health self-coping skills, and 21% improvement on burnout-risk levels. These metrics were acquired via app’s back-end, self-reporting, and our model for burnout-risk screening.ConclusionsFirst results showcase the positive impact of adding such a mobile solution to the employees’ mental healthcare. Next steps will be conducting a longer study, adding control groups and productivity assessment.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Syrian refugees’ experiences while receiving mental health services and psychiatric nursing care: A qualitative study

Introduction Millions of people have migrated because of violence, wars, disasters, and human rights violations, all of which have increased rapidly in recent years. Türkiye has hosted millions of refugees since 2010. Few studies have focused on the mental health needs of refugees or how these needs have been addressed in Türkiye.ObjectivesThis study examined the experiences of Syrian refugees in a community center in Turkiye as they access mental health services and receive psychiatric nursing care.MethodsA qualitative design was adopted in the study. Data were collected from southern Turkiye between November and December 2021. The researchers conducted three semistructured focus group interviews following Colaizzi’s phenomenological method to analyze the qualitative data. A total of 19 Syrian refugees participated in the focus group interviews.Results Three key themes related to immigrants’ experiences of receiving mental health services and nursing care were identified: barriers to receiving mental health services, coping with negative experiences in Turkiye, and satisfaction with mental health services. The participants identified the barriers they experienced while receiving health services as those pertaining to language, discrimination, and stigmatization. They also mentioned the methods of coping with these negative experiences in Turkiye. Despite their negative experiences, they expressed satisfaction with the mental health services they received, especially psychiatric nursing care.Conclusions This study determined that Syrian refugees face barriers to accessing and receiving mental health services. They stated that mental health professionals in Turkiye approach them with empathy, particularly those in psychiatric nursing. Healthcare professionals may be trained in culturally sensitive care to increase awareness. Studies have frequently examined the experiences of nurses providing care to refugees, but few have focused on evaluating nursing care from the perspective of refugees. Syrian refugees have reported various obstacles in accessing and receiving mental healthcare services. Health professionals, especially psychiatric nurses in mental health psychosocial support centers, must facilitate the processes to eliminate these obstacles.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The needs for digital health and eHeath literacy of cancer patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers: A multicenter, descriptive correlational study

PurposeDigital health is an indispensable tool, but its use depends on the eHealth literacy (eHL) of end-users. This study aimed to understand the need for digital health and eHL among cancer patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers and to identify differences in digital health needs related to the eHL of cancer patients. MethodsA multicenter, descriptive correlational study was conducted and included a total of 209 patients, 150 caregivers and 150 healthcare providers. Digital health needs were identified, and eHL was measured using the Korean version of the eHealth Literacy Scale. Differences in digital health needs in relation to the eHL of patients were analyzed. ResultsThe most necessary digital health functions among cancer patients and caregivers were ‘information and education on symptom management after cancer treatment’ and ‘education on coping methods for each type of cancer’ (87.1–94.0%). Healthcare providers reported the need for a digital health function for ‘medication information’ and assisting in ‘medical appointments’ (96.7–98.0%). The preferred types of digital health were telemonitoring, mobile services, and telemedicine by telephone (81.3–90.5%). The mean eHL score of the cancer patients was 28.84 ± 6.75. Differences existed in the need for digital health functions and preferences for digital health types between cancer patients with high and low eHL. ConclusionsCancer patients and caregivers expressed strong needs for digital health that provide information and education about symptom management and coping with cancer. Digital health interventions for cancer care need to be developed to reflect the identified needs and preferences and eHL of end-users.

Circadian Preferences and Coping Styles to Stressful Life Events in Depression Patients

IntroductionDepressive disorder is a common public health problem that significantly impairs quality of life and has a high risk of mortality and morbidity.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate circadian rhythm differences, stressful life events and coping styles in patients with depression.MethodsThe study involved 100 participants, including 50 patients with depression and 50 healthy controls, recruited from the psychiatric clinic of one-university hospital. The participants completed a sociodemographic information form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Life Events Checklist (LEC-5), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations-Short Form (CISS-21) and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ).Results The mean age of the patients with depression was 31.88±10.6 years, and the control group was 29.84±8.02 years. There were no significant relationships between the variables including gender and some other sociodemographic characteristics except education level. There were significant differences between the depression and control groups in terms of coping styles for stressful life events. Emotional coping was significantly higher in patients with depression compared to the control group, whereas task-oriented coping was significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05). The majority of both depression and the control group consisted of intermediate type. Natural disasters, severe suffering, and other stressful events or experiences were more frequent stressful life events in the depression group. Task-oriented coping scores and emotional coping scores showed significant discrimination with sensitivity and specificity values.ConclusionsRecognizing stressful life events and the coping strategies used to deal with them is important for identifying future mental problems such as depression and developing treatment and follow-up plans. Longitudinal studies are needed to fully understand how the reporting of mature and dissociative coping methods interacts with depression in recovery from traumatic events.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Measures Taken by Nurses to Protect Themselves from the Covid-19 Virus and Methods They Use to Cope with Stress

Objective: In the present study, the aim was to determine the measures taken by nurses to protect themselves from the COVID-19, and methods they use to cope with stress. 
 Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out with 237 nurses working in Manisa City Hospital, located in Manisa, between August 2020 and March 2021. Data were collected with the Nurse Information Form, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Ways of Coping with Stress Questionnaire. In the analysis of the data, numbers, percentage distribution, Mann Whitney u test, Kruskal Wallis test and Spearman correlation analysis were used. 
 Results: Protective equipment used most by the nurses while they gave care to patients with COVID-19 were gloves (96.6%), masks (95.3%) and N95 masks (90.7%). Among the issues that caused the nurses to have stress most were the fear of transmitting viruses to their families or immediate circles, and experiencing physical or psychological disorders. The mean score the nurses obtained from the overall Perceived Stress Scale was 30.36±5.63. The mean scores the nurses obtained from the sub-dimensions of the Ways of Coping with Stress Questionnaire were as follows: Self-confident approach sub-dimension: 19.83±3.44, optimistic approach sub-dimension: 13.99±2.37, desperate approach sub-dimension: 18.23±4.15, submissive approach sub-dimension: 12.89±2.98 and seeking social support sub-dimension: 10.83±1.97. 
 Conclusion: In our study, the majority of the nurses felt stressed during the COVID-19 pandemic. They were not competent enough to use the methods of coping with stress. Health institutions should reduce the stress on nurses and provide support to motivate them to work keenly.

Adolescents’ Methods for Coping with Cyberbullying

Adolescents’ Methods for Coping with Cyberbullying

Cyber Victimization, Coping Methods, and Attitudes of the Family Toward Internet Use in Adolescents Applying to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department During the Pandemic

Cyber Victimization, Coping Methods, and Attitudes of the Family Toward Internet Use in Adolescents Applying to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department During the Pandemic

Recognizing and coping with suicidal thoughts: Amixed-methods investigation of digital safety plan content.

Suicide safety plans are a personalized means of documenting how a person at risk of suicide recognizes and intends to cope with emerging suicidal thoughts. This study aimed to understand how users of digital suicide safety plans describe their warning signs, methods of coping and any relationships between these that may emerge. A sample comprising 150 users of the Australian suicide safety planning smartphone app Beyond Now consented to share the content of their safety plans. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify themes in overall plan content. Most participants identified as women (61%), had a history of at least one suicide attempt (61%) and completed their plans by themselves (84%). Three major themes emerged: (1) interpersonal challenges and complexity; (2) matching coping strategies to warning signs; and (3) helpful and harmful digital technology use. Most plans appeared to demonstrate high self-awareness of warning signs and available supports. Safety plan content provides a window into the thought process underlying the recognition of suicidal thoughts and the attempts to manage them. An opportunity exists for practitioners and support persons to use this content when collaboratively supporting a safety plan user to improve their coping strategies and support networks.

Life After Bars: A Narrative-Case Study of Ex-convicts

In the Philippines, ex-convicts face severe hurdles during reintegration, including public stigma, restricted work opportunities, insufficient support, and discriminatory behaviors, all of which impede a smooth return to society. This qualitative narrative case study investigates the psychological, social, and economic aspects of ex-convicts’ lives after jail. The Life Course Perspective is used as the study’s theoretical framework, acknowledging the importance of personal, societal, and historical elements in individual development. Six successfully reintegrated participants, each with a minimum five-year prison sentence, constituted the basis for in-depth interviews conducted in a quiet and secure atmosphere using snowball sampling. The study sought to explore ex-convicts’ issues, coping methods, life realizations, and viable therapeutic programs. The findings highlight the numerous challenges, such as societal stigma, economic constraints, and disrupted social bonds. Coping methods, which include spiritual rehabilitation and emotional acceptance, emerge as critical components of the reintegration process. Life realizations become transforming forces, characterized by a dedication to positive change and social contributions, which is frequently motivated by familial support and a desire to protect loved ones. For effective reintegration, the study underlines the importance of public acceptance, tailored interventions, and support networks. It finds that addressing these issues, as well as encouraging familial stability, boosting community involvement, and engaging employers, are critical to reducing recidivism and facilitating long-term rehabilitation. Recommendations urge for coordinated efforts from families, communities, and businesses, emphasizing the importance of a complete strategy to assisting ex-convicts on their path to successful society reintegration.

Addressing the Chemotherapy Induced Oral Mucositis

A severe and common side effect of chemotherapy treatment for cancer is oral mucositis, which refers to the inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth. It occurs because of the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy on the epithelial mucosa. The physical and mental well-being of patients undergoing chemotherapy can be significantly affected by this side effect, making it crucial to address oral mucositis promptly. Oral mucositis can give rise to several challenges for patients. One of the primary issues is pain, which can range from mild discomfort to severe soreness, making it difficult for patients to eat, drink, or even speak. The discomfort can lead to a decreased appetite, resulting in nutritional deficiencies and weight loss. Additionally, the presence of open sores in the mucosa increases the risk of infection, particularly in patients with compromised immune systems. If left untreated, these issues can have a substantial impact on the overall quality of life for chemotherapy patients. Fortunately, there are various approaches available to manage and alleviate the difficulties associated with chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. These interventions aim to reduce pain, promote oral hygiene, and support adequate nutrition. A literature search was conducted using different databases (PubMed, Google scholar). Through this review process, 16 articles were identified that were relevant to coping with chemotherapy induced oral mucositis. Different studies conducted by various multidisciplinary teams are included in this article. To lessen the effects of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis, there are several coping mechanisms. This includes a combination of pharmacological, non-pharmacological interventions and even home remedies that are part of complementary therapies. The purpose of this article is to understand the chemotherapy induced oral mucositis and it’s management. Keywords: Oral mucositis, chemotherapy induced oral mucositis, coping method.

사회복지관의 안전교육에 대한 사회복지사의 요구분석

Objectives Based on the needs analysis of social workers at social welfare centers regarding safety education, this study was conducted to create a safety culture and establish a safety management system to respond to a rapidly changing environment, and to prepare basic data for revitalizing safety education.
 Methods To achieve the research purpose, a mail survey was conducted targeting to social workers working at the social welfare centers located in Busan Metropolitan City. Based on the survey results, a t-test was conducted on the difference between the required level of safety education and the current level, and the priorities of safety education were derived through Borich needs analysis and the LF model.
 Results The contents that should be prioritized in safety education at social welfare centers were derived, including ‘Concepts of abuse, violence, and sexual violence and countermeasures’, ‘Safety management method according to the client life cycle’, ‘Coping method in case of safety accidents within the facility’, ‘Organizational management to promote safety awareness and safety culture’, and ‘Coping method against social disasters’.
 Conclusions Based on these results, implications for creating a safety culture in social welfare centers, activating safety education, and establishing a safety management system were presented.

Experiences and psychosocial challenges of volunteer nurses in Turkey devastating earthquake zones: Lessons to be learnt for prevention of health system problems in disasters: A qualitative study.

This research aimed to investigate the experiences and psychosocial challenges encountered by volunteer nurses who provided care in the zones affected by the devastating earthquake that struck Turkey in 2023. This qualitative study involved semistructured, in-depth interviews with 15 volunteer nurses who were actively working in earthquake-affected regions. The study was conducted between June 2023 and July 2023. Participants were selected from diverse provinces (Hatay, Gaziantep, Adıyaman, Kahramanmaraş, and Malatya) affected by the earthquake, ensuring maximum variability. Individual online interviews were conducted using Google Meet, with data collection continuing until saturation was achieved. The study adhered to the COREQ checklist for reporting qualitative research. Three main themes and eight subthemes were developed: (1) Management and Coordination (failure to meet basic needs, bureaucracy, duty, and authority issues, problems with supplies and equipment); (2) Professional Experiences (working conditions, education, perspective on the profession); and Psychosocial Problems and (3) Coping Methods (psychological problems, methods of coping with problems). The study showed that volunteer nurses encountered management and organizational obstacles, were profoundly impacted by the disaster's psychosocial aspects, and often struggled with inadequacies in handling psychological challenges. Despite these challenges, the nurses reported a sense of competence in delivering care services. The insights derived from this study hold valuable lessons for future disaster response strategies. For this reason, it is recommended to plan the necessary training and initiatives to professionally strengthen the field of disaster nursing.

Lived Experiences of Single Mothers After Childbirth: Postpartum Depression (PPD) Stories

This qualitative study used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to analyze single mothers' postpartum depression experiences. The study highlighted the problems participants faced as students and single mothers. Satellite campus students participated in the study. The researcher used purposive and snowball sampling to identify 15 teenage single mothers with one to three children. They weren't necessarily diagnosed or treated for PPD. Single mothers experience different postpartum depression symptoms. Insecurity, tearfulness, irritability, physical symptoms, self-blame, self-harm, unreasonableness, giving up, isolation, and suicidal ideations are symptoms experienced during postpartum depression. According to their stories, PPD symptoms could be a result of the abrupt changes in their life as new mothers. Emotion-focused coping, problem-focused coping, and religious coping were most commonly used by single mothers. Future research should investigate these coping methods. This study contributes a theoretical understanding of the postpartum depression experiences and coping mechanisms of single mothers.

Wellness in Chronic Care (WCC) families, illness & disability: an integrative clinical intervention model

ABSTRACT This paper describes the Wellness in Chronic Care (WCC) model, an innovative integrative clinical intervention method aimed at helping social workers manage the care of patients living with chronic illnesses and their families. The goal is to propose appropriate clinical responses to the changing reality of the health system. This new reality poses new challenges that require caregivers (social work practitioners and family members) to develop suitable skills and expertise. The intervention method we developed offers a new paradigm that entails partnership and the need to assume responsibility in decision-making while coping with the illness over time. The intervention provides practical tools and methods for coping and managing the illness. These factors have contributed to building a specifically tailored intervention program for patient and family care to achieve an effective and meaningful wellbeing. An assessment of the training program of the intervention model and its implementation is presented. The model was found to be essential yet some found it difficult to make the needed changes.

Contribution of the Characteristics of the Disaster Affected People to Practice the Disaster Coping Strategies

A study was conducted in Gangachara Upazila of Rangpur district, Bangladesh from September to December 2018 to determine how the characteristics of affected individuals contribute to the implementation of coping methods during disasters. Information was gathered from a sample of 302 respondents, chosen at random from the population affected by the disaster through both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Among the nineteen personal, economic, and social factors of the disaster-affected individuals, fourteen showed a positive association, two showed a negative relationship, and three showed no significant relationship with their disaster coping strategies. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified six key variables that significantly contributed to explaining 33.6 percent of the total variations: education (23 percent), income generating activities (3.6 percent), awareness about social safety net programme (2.9 percent), disaster affected land (1.2 percent), farm size (1.9 percent), and perception of climate change (1.0 percent). Path analysis indicated that disaster-affected land had the highest direct positive value (0.589), while farm size had the highest overall indirect influence (0.643) on disaster coping strategy practices. The order of importance for the disaster coping strategies practiced by affected people is as follows: disaster affected land, education, participation in income generating activities, awareness about social safety net programme, perception of climate change, and farm size.

Effect of family-centered care on the anxiety levels among family members of patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

The present study aims to determine the effect of family-centered care on anxiety levels among family members of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This study was a randomized clinical trial study that was conducted on the families of Iranian cardiac surgery patients. In the intervention group, family-centered care was implemented, and the content of the intervention included providing informational and emotional support to the family member and the family member's participation in patient care according to the set framework. A total of 144 family members of patients undergoing cardiac surgery were included in this study. Among the 144 family members, 71 were in the intervention group, and 73 were in the control group. The changes in the state anxiety score before and after the intervention were significant between the two groups, and the changes were higher in the control group (P=0.043). Also, there was no significant difference in the changes in trait anxiety before and after the intervention between the two groups (P>0.05). In general, the high prevalence of anxiety in patients' families has negative functional consequences on both patients and their families. To reduce the level of anxiety, special attention should be paid to knowing the effective factors and appropriate coping methods. Nevertheless, it is important to note that additional research is warranted to delve deeper into this matter in future studies.