Thioarsenites(III) are an advanced functional material platform owing to the stereochemically active lone pair cations. In this paper, two novel quaternary thioarsenites(III), AgMAsS3 (M = Cd, Hg), are successfully obtained by introducing double d10 cations. In the compounds, d10 cations show a variety of different coordination modes ([AgS4] and [HgS4] in AgHgAsS3 vs [AgS5] and [CdS6] in AgCdAsS3). As a result, AgHgAsS3 and AgCdAsS3 crystallize in the noncentrosymmetric Cc space group and centrosymmetric C2/c space group, respectively. The band gaps of AgHgAsS3 and AgCdAsS3 are determined experimentally as 1.90 and 2.20 eV, respectively. Meanwhile, title compounds exhibit strong photocurrent responses. Specifically, AgHgAsS3 has a large birefringence of 0.18 at 2100 nm and a moderate second harmonic generation of (0.5 × AgGaS2). Moreover, the origin of linear and nonlinear optical responses is investigated based on first-principles calculations. This study enriches the family of MI-MII-As-Q (M = Ag, Cu; MII = Zn, Cd, Hg; Q = chalcogen) chalcogenides and helps to understand and design other multifunctional optical materials.