Coordination Layer Research Articles

Supramolecular Reconstruction of Self-Assembling Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Natural photosynthetic systems require spatiotemporal organization to optimize photosensitized reactions and maintain overall efficiency, involving the hierarchical self-assembly of photosynthetic components and their stabilization through synergistic interactions. However, replicating this level of organization is challenging due to the difficulty in efficiently communicating supramolecular nano-assemblies with nanoparticles or biological architectures, owing to their dynamic instability. Herein, we demonstrate that the supramolecular reconstruction of self-assembled amphiphilic rhodamine B nanospheres (RN) through treatment with metal-phenolic coordination complexes results in the formation of a stable hybrid structure. This reconstructed structure enhances electron transfer efficiency, leading to improved photocatalytic performance. Due to the photoluminescence quenching property of RN and its electronic synergy with tannic acid (T) and zirconium (Z), the supramolecular complexes of hybrid nanospheres (RNTxZy) with Pt nanoparticles or a biological workhorse, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, showed marked improvement in photocatalytic hydrogen production. The supramolecular hybrid particles with a metal-phenolic coordination layer showed 5.6- and 4.0-fold increases, respectively, in the productivities of hydrogen evolution catalyzed by Pt (Pt/RNTxZy) and MR-1 (M/RNTxZy), respectively. These results highlight the potential for further advancements in the structural and photochemical control of supramolecular nanomaterials for energy harvesting and bio-hybrid systems.

Supramolecular Reconstruction of Self‐Assembling Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Natural photosynthetic systems require spatiotemporal organization to optimize photosensitized reactions and maintain overall efficiency, involving the hierarchical self‐assembly of photosynthetic components and their stabilization through synergistic interactions. However, replicating this level of organization is challenging due to the difficulty in efficiently communicating supramolecular nano‐assemblies with nanoparticles or biological architectures, owing to their dynamic instability. Herein, we demonstrate that the supramolecular reconstruction of self‐assembled amphiphilic rhodamine B nanospheres (RN) through treatment with metal‐phenolic coordination complexes results in the formation of a stable hybrid structure. This reconstructed structure enhances electron transfer efficiency, leading to improved photocatalytic performance. Due to the photoluminescence quenching property of RN and its electronic synergy with tannic acid (T) and zirconium (Z), the supramolecular complexes of hybrid nanospheres (RNTxZy) with Pt nanoparticles or a biological workhorse, Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1, showed marked improvement in photocatalytic hydrogen production. The supramolecular hybrid particles with a metal‐phenolic coordination layer showed 5.6‐ and 4.0‐fold increases, respectively, in the productivities of hydrogen evolution catalyzed by Pt (Pt/RNTxZy) and MR‐1 (M/RNTxZy), respectively. These results highlight the potential for further advancements in the structural and photochemical control of supramolecular nanomaterials for energy harvesting and bio‐hybrid systems.

Overt Scientific Bias and Clandestine Acts by Trusted Scientists: The Flawed Application of the Linear No-threshold Model.

The Health Physics Society (HPS) released a video documentary on the history of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model in April 2022. It exposed many scientific and ethical failings of many leaders, influential scientists, and organizations that have resulted in the current system of radiological protection. Since then, the society received many comments; most were supportive, while a few criticized the video documentary as delivering an anti-LNT message. Shortly thereafter, many emails discovered via an independent Freedom of Information Act request revealed multiple layers of coordination between prominent people in the field of radiation protection to coopt the leadership within the HPS and suppress information they perceived or assumed to be contrary to a pro-LNT message. Many of these emails were published by JunkScience.com, an independent organization that exposes faulty scientific data and analyses used to advance special interests and hidden agendas. This Forum article is intended to document in the peer-reviewed literature the JunkScience.com findings of clandestine acts by trusted scientists within the radiation protection community. The emails exposed strong personal biases, actions taken by leaders within the National Commission on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) to "save the Society" from its "downward spiral," and actions taken by NCRP and HPS members serving on a National Academies of Sciences committee to suppress scientific information relevant to the debate about health effects in low-dose environments. These anti-science actions harm our entire profession and the trust that Congress bestows on our scientific organizations expecting to receive objective recommendations based on sound science. It is important that these events are recorded in the scientific literature from a historical perspective. The radiation protection community will be judged not by what is revealed in this article but by what actions are taken from here.

Molecular recognition on the surface of concentrated hydrochloric acid: Hydration configuration-driven preferential recognition of Rh (III) anions with inner-coordinated water molecules

Comprehension of selective recognition of anions is confined to a phenomenological list of solvents, hardly surpassing Pedersen’s empirical observations of cationic-crown ether binding. In this work, a novel strategy employing thin-layer oil membrane extraction (TOMX) on the surface of concentrated hydrochloric acid is proposed for controllable recognition and separation of anions with different hydration configurations. Four typical chloric-complexing anions, RhCl63−, PdCl42−, PtCl62− and FeCl4−, usually coexisting in the concentrated hydrochloric acid leaching solutions of precious metal concentrates were focused. A surprising phenomenon was noticed that the octahedral RhCl5(H2O)2− anions with inner-coordinated water molecules were preferentially recognized by 18C6 macrocyclic molecule. However, the planar quadrilateral Pd (II) chloric-complexing anions with a hydration configuration via water molecules attacking the central Pd (II) atoms along the Z-axis direction can be separated subsequently. The Pt (IV) and Fe (III) chloric-complexing anions respectively with an octahedral and tetrahedral outer-coordinated hydration shell configuration were the last to be recognized. Such an order in extracting Rh (III) > Pd (II) > Pt (IV) > Fe (III) anions depends on their hydration capacity and the preferential affinity towards the interface, which is almost impossible during the conventional stirring and oil droplet dispersed extraction. Because of a lower concentration of dissociated hydrogen ions on the surface of concentrated hydrochloric acid compared to its bulk concentrations, the hydration of those chloric-complexing anions was enhanced. The Rh (III) anions with inner-coordinated water molecules exhibit a higher interfacial affinity than other anions. The water molecules entering the inner coordination layer of Rh (III) chloric-complexing anions, cooperating with its outer-coordinated hydration shell, act as a hydrogen bond “water bridge” to interact with 18C6 molecules, which makes it easier to feel the influence from the aqueous laminar shear flow under the thin-layer oil membrane, thereby driving the preferential recognition of easily hydrated Rh (III) anions at the interface. The controllable “water bridge” interactions driven by shear flow can be activated or deactivated on the surface of concentrated hydrochloric acid by adjusting the shear flow rate. This work lays a foundation for the future development of a controllable flexible molecular recognition technology at liquid–liquid interfaces.

Designing Co-coordinated phytic acid 3D network structure for superhydrophilic property of TiO2 nanoparticles

Traditionally, nano-TiO2 as one of the hydrophilic materials has garnered significant attention due to its inherent stability, non-toxicity, and abundance. However, its limited number of hydroxyl groups fails to meet the actual needs for superhydrophilic applications. Therefore, it is crucial to explore a simple and efficient method to introduce more hydroxyl groups to enhance the hydrophilicity of nano-TiO2. In this work, hydroxyl‑rich phytic acid (Pa) was introduced into the surface of nano-TiO2 and a 3D network structure of Co-coordinated phytic acid was further constructed to extremely enhance the hydrophilicity and stability of nano-TiO2. The TiO2@Pa-Co suspension was prepared by adsorbing hydroxyl‑rich Pa molecules on the surface of nano-TiO2 and assembling Co-coordinated Pa and then modified onto a glass slide by a conventional spin-coating method to obtain TiO2@Pa-Co thin film. The hydrophilic performance tests demonstrated that the TiO2@Pa-Co thin film presented innate superhydrophilic properties, as evidenced by a water contact angle of 2.0°, significantly smaller than that of the blank TiO2 (65.0°) and TiO2@Pa (29.1°) thin films. Notably, it also displays good durability, corrosion resistance, and anti-fogging properties. The superhydrophilic performances can be attributed to the ability of phytic acid to offer a large number of hydroxyl groups for improving the hydrophilicity of TiO2, while the Co ions act as a bridge, connecting with Pa and further construct a 3D network structure for the enhanced hydrophilic stability of TiO2. This study presents an inventive design concept to prepare superhydrophilic and stable TiO2 thin film by developing an organo-metallic coordination layer.

Regulating Second Coordination Shell of Ce Atom Site and Reshaping of Carrier Enable Single-Atom Nanozyme to Efficiently Express Oxidase-like Activity.

Single-atom nanozymes (SANs) are considered to be ideal substitutes for natural enzymes due to their high atom utilization. This work reported a strategy to manipulate the second coordination shell of the Ce atom and reshape the carbon carrier to improve the oxidase-like activity of SANs. Internally, S atoms were symmetrically embedded into the second coordination layer to form a Ce-N4S2-C structure, which reduced the energy barrier for O2 reduction, promoted the electron transfer from the Ce atom to O atoms, and enhanced the interaction between the d orbital of the Ce atom and p orbital of O atoms. Externally, in situ polymerization of mussel-inspired polydopamine on the precursor helps capture metal sources and protects the 3D structure of the carrier during pyrolysis. On the other hand, polyethylene glycol (PEG) modulated the interface of the material to enhance water dispersion and mass transfer efficiency. As a proof of concept, the constructed PEG@P@Ce-N/S-C was applied to the multimodal assay of butyrylcholinesterase activity.

Density dependence for the dielectric permittivity of simple gases and liquids

The present work is devoted to the analysis of polarization effects in atomic systems of the argon type. Special attention is given to the manifestation of the polarizabilities of two particles in the density dependence of the dielectric permittivity of a system and its effective molecular polarizability. It is shown that the effective polarizability of a molecule in the liquid state of a system is mainly caused by deviation of the molecular distribution in the first coordination layer from the spherical one. Due to this, the atomic polarizability inherent to rarefied gas increases practically twice near the triple point. The interconnection between the atomic polarizability and the proper volume of an atom is discussed in detail. It is established that the optimal size of an atom follows from the kinematic shear viscosity measurements.

Microstructure and properties of forsterite-zirconia composite ceramics for solar thermal storage

Solar thermal power generation is an important direction of energy utilization, and thermal storage materials are the key to ensure the continuous use of energy. In this paper, forsterite - zirconia composite ceramics were prepared by adding different contents of 3Y–ZrO2 and their physical properties, phase composition, microstructure thermal shock resistance and thermal physical properties were studied. The results showed that the water absorption, bulk density and bending strength of sample A3 sintered at 1600 °C (59.10 wt% fused magnesia, 40.90 wt% quartz and 30 wt% 3Y–ZrO2) were 0.35 %, 3.27 g/cm3 and 83.66 MPa, respectively. The crystal phase of sample A3 was forsterite and c-ZrO2. Mg2+ and Y3+ replace Zr4+, formed oxygen vacancy in the anion position, distort the coordination layer and release some interlayer stress to promote the stability of c-ZrO2. In the sintering process, the zirconia solid solution existed in the form of second phase, which reduced the growth rate of periclase, facilitated the pore discharge in the sample and promotes sintering. The thermal conductivity of forsterite - zirconia composite ceramics at room temperature was 5.52 W/(m·K). At 1000 °C, the specific heat capacity and heat storage density were 1.09 J/(g·K) and 1062.36 kJ/kg, respectively. The forsterite - zirconia composite ceramic prepared in this study was suitable for high temperature environment, its heat storage capacity was excellent, and it was suitable for high temperature heat storage system.

Exploring the impact of S-doped Fe-N-C materials on the ORR mechanism within a constant potential solvation model

The widespread application of S doping in Fe-N-C materials aims to enhance the catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). However, the current doping strategies are primarily centered on the first coordination layer encompassing Fe atoms. Consequently, this study employs first-principles calculations to compute the formation and binding energies of FeN4 doped with S atom. It further delves into the influence of diverse doping sites on catalyst stability and meticulously analyzes the configurations and corresponding ORR activities of four catalysts, namely FeN4S-N (Number=0∼3), utilizing a constant-potential implicit solvent model to simulate authentic electrocatalytic environments. The findings reveal that under vacuum conditions, FeN4S1 exhibits the utmost ORR activity, boasting a potential of 0.53 V. Conversely, within the constant-potential implicit solvation model, FeN4S2 emerges as the catalyst with the highest ORR activity, achieving a potential of 0.39 V. Therefore, calculations leveraging the constant-potential solvation model offer more realistic insights into catalyst design, thereby guiding the development of superior catalysts.

The neuroimmune CGRP–RAMP1 axis tunes cutaneous adaptive immunity to the microbiota

The somatosensory nervous system surveils external stimuli at barrier tissues, regulating innate immune cells under infection and inflammation. The roles of sensory neurons in controlling the adaptive immune system, and more specifically immunity to the microbiota, however, remain elusive. Here, we identified a mechanism for direct neuroimmune communication between commensal-specific T lymphocytes and somatosensory neurons mediated by the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the skin. Intravital imaging revealed that commensal-specific T cells are in close proximity to cutaneous nerve fibers in vivo. Correspondingly, we observed upregulation of the receptor for the neuropeptide CGRP, RAMP1, in CD8+ T lymphocytes induced by skin commensal colonization. The neuroimmune CGRP-RAMP1 signaling axis functions in commensal-specific T cells to constrain Type 17 responses and moderate the activation status of microbiota-reactive lymphocytes at homeostasis. As such, modulation of neuroimmune CGRP-RAMP1 signaling in commensal-specific T cells shapes the overall activation status of the skin epithelium, thereby impacting the outcome of responses to insults such as wounding. The ability of somatosensory neurons to control adaptive immunity to the microbiota via the CGRP-RAMP1 axis underscores the various layers of regulation and multisystem coordination required for optimal microbiota-reactive T cell functions under steady state and pathology.

Anchoring Fe Species on the Highly Curved Surface of S and N Co‐Doped Carbonaceous Nanosprings for Oxygen Electrocatalysis and a Flexible Zinc‐Air Battery

AbstractOxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of critical significance in the advancement of fuel cells and zinc‐air batteries. The iron‐nitrogen (Fe−Nx) sites exhibited exceptional reactivity towards ORR. However, the task of designing and controlling the local structure of Fe species for high ORR activity and stability remains a challenge. Herein, we have achieved successful immobilization of Fe species onto the highly curved surface of S, N co‐doped carbonaceous nanosprings (denoted as FeNS/Fe3C@CNS). The induction of this twisted configuration within FeNS/Fe3C@CNS arose from the assembly of chiral templates. For electrocatalytic ORR tests, FeNS/Fe3C@CNS exhibits a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.91 V in alkaline medium and a E1/2 of 0.78 V in acidic medium. The Fe single atoms and Fe3C nanoparticles are coexistent and play as active centers within FeNS/Fe3C@CNS. The highly curved surface, coupled with S substitution in the coordination layer, served to reduce the energy barrier for ORR, thereby enhancing the intrinsic catalytic activity of the Fe single‐atom sites. We also assembled a wearable flexible Zn‐air battery using FeNS/Fe3C@CNS as electrocatalysts. This work provides new insights into the construction of highly curved surfaces within carbon materials, offering high electrocatalytic efficacy and remarkable performance for flexible energy conversion devices.

Anchoring Fe Species on the Highly Curved Surface of S and N Co-Doped Carbonaceous Nanosprings for Oxygen Electrocatalysis and a Flexible Zinc-Air Battery.

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of critical significance in the advancement of fuel cells and zinc-air batteries. The iron-nitrogen (Fe-Nx ) sites exhibited exceptional reactivity towards ORR. However, the task of designing and controlling the local structure of Fe species for high ORR activity and stability remains a challenge. Herein, we have achieved successful immobilization of Fe species onto the highly curved surface of S, N co-doped carbonaceous nanosprings (denoted as FeNS/Fe3 C@CNS). The induction of this twisted configuration within FeNS/Fe3 C@CNS arose from the assembly of chiral templates. For electrocatalytic ORR tests, FeNS/Fe3 C@CNS exhibits a half-wave potential (E1/2 ) of 0.91 V in alkaline medium and a E1/2 of 0.78 V in acidic medium. The Fe single atoms and Fe3 C nanoparticles are coexistent and play as active centers within FeNS/Fe3 C@CNS. The highly curved surface, coupled with S substitution in the coordination layer, served to reduce the energy barrier for ORR, thereby enhancing the intrinsic catalytic activity of the Fe single-atom sites. We also assembled a wearable flexible Zn-air battery using FeNS/Fe3 C@CNS as electrocatalysts. This work provides new insights into the construction of highly curved surfaces within carbon materials, offering high electrocatalytic efficacy and remarkable performance for flexible energy conversion devices.

Formation Mechanism and Analysis of Intelligent Connected Vehicles Fleet under Meta-Cellular Automata Simulation Conditions

Abstract This paper analyzes the intelligent networked fleet formation mechanism under adaptive cruise control (CACC). By constructing a communication architecture system including network layer, coordination layer, control layer and physical layer, and based on environment sensing technology and 5G network, a layered control structure for autonomous driving vehicles is established. In the study, the inter-vehicle distance control strategy is proposed, and combined with the theory of metacellular automata, the study constructs an intelligent networked fleet model, which adopts the full speed difference model and adaptive cruise control vehicle following model. The simulation analysis is carried out through the actual data of a section of G6 Beijing-Tibet Expressway, and the simulation environment is a two-lane highway of 3000m, considering different CAV vehicle penetration rates (0% to 100%). The results show that with the increase of CAV penetration, the traffic flow and the congestion significantly improved. The intelligent Connected Vehicles fleet performs well in the obstacle avoidance task, effectively reducing unnecessary lane changes and shortening the congestion time compared to the conventional system, with the distance error controlled within 1m. This study shows that the intelligent connected vehicles-connected fleet has significant advantages in improving traffic flow’s operational efficiency and safety.

Embedding the intermetallic Pt5Ce alloy in mesopores through Pt–C coordination layer interactions as a stable electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

E-Pt5Ce with a rich Pt–C coordination layer prepared by a rapid Joule thermal shock method exhibits high oxygen reduction activity and superb stability.

A novel 2D Eu-MOF as a dual-functional fluorescence sensor for detection of benzaldehyde and Fe3.

Lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) have unique advantages in sensing due to their excellent optical properties. In this study, we synthesized a dicarboxylic acid ligand with amide groups and successfully synthesized a novel two-dimensional (2D) MOF with the molecular formula C42H31EuN4O10 (Eu-MOF) by a solvothermal method. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction showed that amide groups are exposed on the outside of the two-dimensional coordination layer, with the possibility of recognizing specific molecules through hydrogen bonding interactions. The ligand's "antenna effect" enables Eu-MOF to emit a strong luminescence characterized by the "f-f" transition. Further studies have revealed that Eu-MOF could be used as a bifunctional fluorescent probe for the selective detection of benzaldehyde and Fe3+. The sensing mechanism has been analyzed in detail through powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis, UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence lifetime measurement, and density functional (DFT) theory calculation. This design and research can provide a reference for subsequent related work.

Remote p–d orbital hybridization via first/second-layer coordination of Fe single atoms with heteroatoms for enhanced electrochemical CO2-to-CO reduction

d–p orbital hybridization induced by S/N in the coordination layer of pyrrole-type Fe–N4 can modulate the electronic structure of Fe single atoms, enabling *COOH adsorption and *CO desorption to exclusively furnish CO but suppressing H2 formation.

Syntactic Layer of Coordination and Conjuncts Agreement: Evidence from Pakistani English Newspapers

The architectural spin of linguistic elements is schematized as a projection from the lexicon and is considered as the universal machinery to account for all the linguistic phenomena according to generativist dictums. Pakistani English newspapers are ever under investigation from various linguistic angles, such as discourse analysis, code mixing, syntactic features, etc., but coordination and its agreement have always been ignored among Pakistani scholars. In the current study, the internal syntactic layer of conjoined phrases, clauses, and sentences has been hierarchically envisaged using empirical evidence from Pakistani English newspapers. This study adopts qualitative designed research and takes Murphy and Puškar (2018) as a framework to analyse coordination and agreement patterns in newspaper discourse. According to this framework, there are some syntactic operations (merge, agree, move) and steps to conjoin the phrases, clauses, and sentences in a uniform way. This study proposes that coordination and agreement are the recursive processes within the generative paradigm. The study furthermore predicts that the patterns of agreement within conjoined phrases, clauses, and sentences are first conjunct agreement (FCA), and last conjunct agreement (LCA) on various positions: subjective and objective conjoined expressions have been investigated, and these agreement patterns are due to the gender (p) and number (#) agreement.

Precise Construction of Cu‐Based Catalysts using Surface Molecular Modifiers for Electroreduction of CO2 to Multi‐Carbon Products

AbstractConverting CO2 into valuable chemicals has been intensively explored in recent years. Benefited from the substantial cost reduction of renewable electricity, the electrochemical methods have been emerging as a potential means for CO2 capture and conversion. Recently, molecular tuning has been recognized as a powerful technique to modify catalyst's surface and verified effective in improving CO2RR performance. However, there are few comprehensive and insightful reviews on molecularly modified Cu‐based catalysts to precisely modulate the activity and selectivity of C2+ products in CO2 reduction. Herein, the development of CO2RR plausible reaction mechanisms is first introduced. The process and reaction pathways of the carbon‐carbon coupling are briefly discussed. Four main aspects of the molecular tuning strategy of the CO2RR are described as the first coordination layer, second coordination layer, outer layer, and confined effects. The understanding of the improved C2+ performance is demonstrated for molecularly modified Cu‐based catalysts. The challenges and perspectives in this field are addressed to further inspire the disclosure of the fundamental understanding in CO2RR, the system optimization, advanced in situ and operando techniques, and integration of CO2 capture and conversion technology with high activity and selectivity for durable applications.

Hydration MgCl2-NaCl-KCl molten salt using a novel approach for training machine learning potential

The structural information and thermophysical properties of high-temperature magnesium electrolytes play critical roles in controlling the energy consumption of industrial production and the quality of magnesium alloys. Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations can achieve accuracy similar to that of DFT while overcoming the limitations of high-temperature experiments by integrating machine learning (ML) strategies. However, many AIMD simulation tasks, computationally expensive due to configuration and volume optimization, are required to construct an initial dataset for the current ML potential training scheme. To bypass this issue, we developed a novel scheme using Deep Potential to generate ML potential that can be applied to multiple temperatures, improving efficiency without compromising accuracy. A short-time AIMD simulation at a certain target temperature was involved, followed by an iterative task using the DP-GEN package to generate an initial dataset based on a varying upper bound for model force deviation. This dataset was then used in a new DP-GEN task to train ML potential. Our method has been applied for the first time to the molten MgCl2-NaCl-KCl system with trace amounts of water (hydration MNK). The trained potential effectively predicted interatomic energies and forces, with errors of 0.5517 meV/atom and 3.063 meV/Å, respectively, denoting the trained potential is similar accuracy relative to DFT. DPMD simulation, the large-scale methodology, was performed to investigate the structural information and thermophysical properties of the hydration MNK system. Through analyzing the obtained structural information, Coulombic interactions are the dominant forces in the melt and a stronger affinity between Na+ and water molecules relative to other cations. H2O is unable to cross the first coordination layer of Cl-Mg. There are also differences in how the hydrogen and oxygen atoms of the water molecules interact with the cations in the melt. This work discusses the temperature-dependent evolution of several thermophysical properties, including density, self-diffusion coefficient, viscosity, and ionic conductivity. Our results show that density, viscosity, and ionic conductivity all exhibit negative relationships with temperature. In addition, the order of diffusion is as follows: DMg2+<DCl-<DNa+<DK+<DH2O.

Automatic axial vertebral rotation estimation on radiographs for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by deep learning

PurposeAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional spine deformity governed by lateral curvature and axial vertebral rotation (AVR). Estimating AVR is important for treatment decisions and the prediction of AIS progression. However, manual AVR measurements have intra-observer and inter-observer errors, and therefore this paper proposes an automatic AVR measurement method to address the low precision issue of manual measurement. MethodWe develop an improved feature extraction module for vertebral landmark detection and pedicle segmentation. The improved coordinate convolution layer combined Polarized Self-Attention mechanism is applied in the feature extraction module to help the High-resolution Network to extract coordinate information. Based on vertebral landmark detection and pedicle segmentation, we propose an automatic AVR measurement algorithm to estimate the AVR. ResultsThe mean radial error (MRE) of vertebral landmark detection is 2.70 mm pixels, and the dice coefficient of pedicle segmentation is 72.45%. Compared with the original model, the MRE decreases by 2.13 mm, and the dice coefficient improves by 4.61%. For the AVR measurement results, the testing set contains 37 spine radiographs, including 481 vertebrae and 962 AVR measurements (481 vertebrae by two observers). The average measurement error is lower than 5°, which is within the standard of clinical measurement error. ConclusionThe results demonstrate that the proposed network performs well in vertebral landmark detection and pedicle segmentation, and the proposed AVR measurement is adopted for clinic diagnosis of AIS. SignificanceOur method achieves automatic AVR measurement, reducing the error introduced by manual measurement and improving the efficiency of orthopedists.