Coordination Index Research Articles

Cycloaddition Reactions between H2C = CHR (R = H, CN, CH3) and a Cyclic P/B Frustrated Lewis Pair: A DFT Study.

The cycloaddition of ethylene, cyanoethylene, and propylene to a five-membered P/B frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) is shown to be highly favorable under normal conditions, as confirmed by the computed thermodynamic and kinetic data. All of these cycloaddition reactions are concerted as highlighted by the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) and Wiberg bond index calculations. Almost 70% of the reaction force is required for structural orientation to initiate electronic activity. The reactions are interpreted by the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis and conceptual density functional theory (DFT)-based reactivity descriptors. It appears that ethylene and propylene will act as nucleophiles, while the FLP will act as an electrophile throughout the cycloaddition reaction, however, cyanoethylene will act as an electrophile and the FLP as a nucleophile. Regioselectivities of the cycloadditon of cyanoethylene and propylene to the FLP are further verified through philicity and dual descriptors. It is demonstrated that an FLP can be forced to act as an electrophile or a nucleophile by intelligently selecting its partner in a cycloaddition reaction. Even the P and B centers would behave differently within the same FLP. This strategy may be properly exploited by the experimentalists in designing a suitable reaction for the synthesis of any useful molecule possessing the desired property.

Coordination changes in front-crawl swimming

We report the evolution of the coordination with velocity in front-crawl swimming which is used in competitions over a large range of distances (from 50 m up to 25 km in open-water races). Inside this single stroke, top-level swimmers show different patterns of arm organization. At low velocities, swimmers select an alternated stroke with gliding pauses during their propulsion. The relative duration of the gliding pauses on a stroke cycle is independent of the velocity in this first regime. Above a critical velocity, the relative duration of the gliding pauses starts to decrease as speed increases. Above a second critical velocity, the gliding pauses disappear and the swimmers start to superpose their propulsion phases. These three regimes are first revealed experimentally and then studied theoretically. It appears that below the first critical velocity, swimmers use a constant coordination index and vary their speed by varying their propulsive force to minimize their cost of propulsion. For larger velocities, swimmers use their maximum propulsive force and vary their recovery time to increase further their speed. The physical model developed is general and could be applied to understand other modes of locomotion.

Investıgatıon Of Respıratory Parameters, Hand-Eye Coordınatıons And Body Mass Indexes Of Superior İntelligence Students Between 8 And 9 Years

The aim of this study was to investigate respiratory parameters, hand-eye coordination and body mass indexes of gifted students aged 8-9 years. The population of the research consists of 124 students from 23,228 students in the second year in Malatya. The research group consists of 73 students (37 girls and 36 boys). To determine students' intelligence levels as data collection tools Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Savasir and Sahin, 1995) was applied, Mir Spirolab III brand spirometer is used for measurement of the functions, dart was performed for hand-eye coordination and weight and height measurements were taken for Body Mass Index (BMI). One - way ANOVA was used for comparisons. Significance level was tested with α = 0.05. The findings of the study showed that children with normal intelligence (n = 4) Wisc-r had a total of 105.75 ± 2.36; children with bright intelligence (n = 10) 114.30 ± 2.40; children with superior intelligence (n = 26) 124.30 ± 2.71; children with very high intelligence (n = 22) 134.18 ± 2.48; genius group (n = 11) children were found to score 145.73 ± 3.95. There was no statistically significant difference (p> 0.05) between FVC, FEV1, PEF, Dart mean and BMI according to intelligence groups of children. As a result, there was no significant difference between respiratory parameters, hand-eye coordination and BMI according to intelligence levels of 8-9 years old children. Therefore, it can be said that gifted children do not have any physical difference compared to the children in the other intelligence group.

Building a Common Project by Promoting Pedagogical Coordination and Educational Leadership for School Improvement: A Structural Equation Model

Leadership and teaching practices are the most important factors that affect student learning. Many studies have pointed out the combination of both of them in a common project as a guarantee to achieve school improvement. The present study sets out to define and contrast an explanatory model of pedagogical coordination as a function of management leadership, collaborative working, setting common goals, participation in decision making, involvement of teaching staff and professional development of teachers, in a sample of pedagogical leaders from secondary schools. A final sample of 547 participants from Granada and Jaen (Spain) was obtained. An instrument adapted from the DLI questionnaire (Hulpia 2009) was administered. Path analysis was conducted, which displayed good model fit for all considered indices (χ2 = 10.937; df = 2.187; p < 0.001; CFI = 0.998 TLI = 0.993; GFI = 0.994; RMSEA = 0.047). The main result was the identification of positive relationships between all dimensions of the questionnaire. It can be concluded that management plays a key role in the establishment of common goals at the school. Another important finding was that collaborative conditions should be present to favour the involvement and professional growth of the teacher. In summary, the existence of all of these conditions leads to high levels of all indices of pedagogical coordination in the examined secondary schools.

Optimal dynamic routing for two forklifts in narrow-Aisle racking warehouse

Determining storage location and planning path are the two most important components in warehouse management. Simultaneous resolution of these problems not only reduces the storage and retrieval time but also avoids the loss of goods. The article offers a scenario of a practical cold warehouse system with narrow aisle racking, where space optimization and time schedules are always the top priority. There are two forklifts considered to work parallel in the system, so aisle dispute is considered to minimize safety risks in the warehouse. Two algorithms used to optimize the path were introduced in the paper, which is the closest open location – COL and A star algorithm. The COL helps to determine the most appropriate storage location according to the user's requirements, including the type of goods to be exported or imported, finding storage location of the nearest empty cell by referring the weight of the road and obstacle might happen by two forklift truck in the system. The result of this algorithm is the determined Input and Output point of each forklift path. The coordinate index ​​of these two points is returned as input to the A-star algorithm to determine the shortest path for the forklift. With the A star algorithm, a clear path will be sought, including the comparison of clashes between vehicles in the system, preferring the shortest path for moving between two points. The travel route results are exported for goods execution devices. The system is simulated by MATLAB combined with V-Rep software for an intuitive interface and fully illustrates each task of each vehicle from time to time. Some traditional or single algorithms with the same assumptions about the system were also simulated and compared to see the effectiveness of the combination of two COL and A star algorithms in a narrow aisle racking system.

Use of Entropy in Developing SDG-based Indices for Assessing Regional Sustainable Development: A Provincial Case Study of China.

Sustainable development appears to be the theme of our time. To assess the progress of sustainable development, a simple but comprehensive index is of great use. To this end, a multivariate index of sustainable development was developed in this study based on indicators of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To demonstrate the usability of this developed index, we applied it to Fujian Province, China. According to the China SDGs indicators and the Fujian situation, we divided the SDGs into three dimensions and selected indicators based on these dimensions. We calculated the weights and two indices with the entropy weight coefficient method based on collecting and processing of data from 2007 to 2017. We assessed and analyzed the sustainable development of Fujian with two indices and we drew three main conclusions. From 2007 to 2017, the development index of Fujian showed an increasing trend and the coordination index of Fujian showed a fluctuating trend. It is difficult to smoothly improve the coordination index of Fujian because the development speeds of Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and Goal 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions) were low. The coordination index of Fujian changed from strong coordination to medium coordination from 2011 to 2012 because the development speed of the environmental dimension suddenly improved. It changed from strong coordination to medium coordination from 2015 to 2016 because the values of the development index of the social dimension were decreasing. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first SDGs-based multivariate indices of sustainable development for a region of China. These indices are applicable to different regions.

Validity of the Wide-range Assessment of Vision-related Essential Skills in Japanese Children with Learning Problems.

Our study revealed that the validity of a new Japanese visual-perceptual test was acceptable. Visual-perceptual abilities are important to activities of daily living; thus, accurate assessment of visual perception is especially important for children with neurodevelopmental disorders and particularly so for those with learning problems. Visual perception refers to the process by which one receives visual information through sensory impulses and then translates those impulses into meaning based on a previously developed view of the environment. A problem in Japan is the paucity of visual perception tests that use normative data from children who are native Japanese. The Wide-range Assessment of Vision-related Essential Skills (WAVES), which measures visual perception and eye-hand coordination skills and is based on Japanese normative data, was recently published in Japan. The validity of this test has not been comprehensively established. To investigate the validity of the WAVES, we used the Pearson correlation coefficient to calculate the degrees of association among WAVES scaled and index scores compared with Developmental Test of Visual Perception, Third Edition, scores from 108 elementary school children with symptoms of learning problems. Participants were recruited at Osaka Medical College Learning Disability Center and Sakai Seikeikai Learning Disability Center. The concurrent validity of the WAVES was supported by moderate correlation (r = 0.67, P < .01) between the total scores for visual perception and eye-hand coordination index from the WAVES and general visual perception index from the Developmental Test of Visual Perception, Third Edition, even though a correlation analysis of subtests found differences between the two tests. Our results showed that the indices from the two tests measured nearly the same underlying visual-perceptual constructs and indicated that the WAVES had acceptable levels of concurrent validity.

Monitoring Human Induced Floor Vibrations for Quantifying Dance Moves: A Study of Human–Structure Interaction

Human induced dynamic forces on structures are of interest in the area of human-environment interfaces. The research community is interested in characterizing human decisions and providing information on the consequences of human actions to control those human forces more effectively. Dynamic structures tend to vibrate when subjected to human induced motion. In the context of human-structure interactions, dance induced vibrations that are difficult to quantify solely by human perception can be quantified with sensors. This data can provide a unique opportunity for dancers to understand the quality of their dance with objective metrics. Previous work in capturing dance moves required wearable sensors attached to dancers’ body. Often an intrusive process, this method is not scalable if dancers are not familiar with technology and it limits their participation without access to special studios or facilities. If simple, deployable technology could be available to dancers, they could monitor their dance without engineers. This research integrates dancers’ interest in qualifying dance motion and engineering curiosity to study human induced vibrations. As a part of the framework, researchers used two indices that can differentiate a well synchronized group dance from asynchronous moves. The indices were derived from measurements of the movement of the structure dynamically excited by the dancers, hence quantifying dance coordination. These are the Harmony Index and Coordination Index, respectively. These two indices are based on time history data obtained from sensors installed on a wooden bridge where dancers performed at different levels of proficiency. The two indices obtained from the sensors are validated against the Visual Index, a qualitative index obtained from an expert who judged dance moves based on one video capture. The results of this research showed that the two indices quantify effectively the quality of the dancers, validated with the Visual Index. As a result, this research proposes using Low-cost Efficient Wireless Intelligent Sensor (LEWIS) to objectively sort different levels of dance quality. The future application of this human-centered sensing proposes sensing other types of human decisions using sensors, which contributes to quantify objectively human-infrastructure interfaces.

Symmetry in the front crawl stroke of different skill level of able-bodied and disabled swimmers.

Although swimming is recognized as a symmetrical sport, equivalence between each body side cannot be insured. Swimmers with physical and motor impairment may present asymmetries that are even more pronounced. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the symmetry of temporal coordination in the front crawl stroke phases and their dimensional characteristics among swimmers of different levels of skill and disabled swimmers. Forty-one swimmers (28 men and 13 women, 18,8 ± 3,3 years, divided 21 of them into groups of high and low level of skill and 20 in disabled swimmers group) performed a 50m maximum of front-crawl test while they were recorded by six synchronized cameras (four underwater and two above water) for analysis of the stroke phases, stroke dimensions (anteroposterior, mediolateral and vertical amplitude), index of coordination and hand speed. The symmetry index was calculated by the difference between the right and the left strokes. Comparisons were made using the Kruskal-Wallis test and multivariate comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney test, with p <0.05. Asymmetry was noted in anteroposterior and mediolateral amplitudes of the stroke, index of coordination, duration of the recovery phase, each of the underwater phases and in the hand speed during the downseep phase, regardless of the level of skill or impairment. The disabled swimmers also showed asymmetry in the vertical amplitude of the stroke as well as in the insweep and upsweep speed. The reasons for these asymmetries may be the preference for unilateral breathing, force imbalance between pairs of homologous muscles and motor control deficit. The training with stereotypic movements may explain the similarity of asymmetries among the different groups of swimmers.

Ecological security assessment of the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration based on an adapted ecological footprint model

The acceleration of urbanization and industrialization has led to new ecological security (ES) risks for urban agglomerations in developing countries. The level of ES with the goal of improving adaptive capacity is becoming the basis for space demand regulation and coordinated development of ecological economy. In relation to the actual socio-economic development of the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration (GPUA), three sub-accounts covering domestic water, production water and eco-environment water were added to the adapted ecological footprint model to reflect the underestimated water demand in the GPUA. Based on an analysis of the per capita ecological deficit and the dynamic changes in each account in the GPUA from 2005 to 2017, the ecological pressure index and eco-economic coordination index were used to evaluate the ES level of GPUA, and the footprint depth and footprint size were used to evaluate trends in the state of ES. The results show that (1) the GPUA water resource account is the second largest contribution account to the ecological footprint; (2) the GPUA has been at the 6th ES level, “completely unsafe”, since 2005; and (3) based on the three-dimensional ecological footprint, the GPUA needs 4.76 times current area to meet its resource consumption level, indicating that ecological insecurity levels will not improve. Therefore, improving the water resources management system, controlling the sources of atmospheric pollution, and strengthening the zoning of functional lands are recommended. Quantitatively analysing the relationships among the ES level, various resources environmental and economic activities provides a scientific basis for improving the resilience level of urban agglomerations in response to ecological changes.

Overall indexes of coordination in front crawl swimming

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to propose a group of parameters able to quantify not only arm coordination but also inter limb coordination. These include the well know index of coordination with the relative duration of the stroke phases and two new parameters: the Index of synchronization (Ids) between arms and legs actions; and the Index of inter limb coordination (IdIC) calculated as the relative foot position during successive arm stroke phases. These parameters were compared between experts and amateur swimmers in a maximal front crawl sprint. The influence of arm stroke in leg kick parameters was also assessed, comparing the full stroke condition with a condition without arms actions. Sixty-five per cent of expert swimmers used synchronized limb actions while 95% of amateur swimmers used non-synchronized limb motions. These synchronized expert swimmers also converged towards a specific coordination pattern between foot position and arm stroke phases. In the condition without arms, both groups changed kick rate and amplitude. The present study reveals the interdependency of arms and legs actions and the importance of coordination and synchronization between limbs. Therefore, the proposed group of overall indexes of coordination provides a more complete marker for the analysis of swimming technique.

Monitoring Grass Phenology and Hydrological Dynamics of an Oak–Grass Savanna Ecosystem Using Sentinel-2 and Terrestrial Photography

Annual grasslands are an essential component of oak savanna ecosystems as the primary source of fodder for livestock and wildlife. Drought resistance adaptation has led them to complete their life cycle before serious soil and plant water deficits develop, resulting in a close link between grass phenology and soil water dynamics. In this work, these links were explored using a combination of terrestrial photography, satellite imagery and hydrological ground measurements. We obtained key phenological parameters of the grass cycle from terrestrial camera data using the Green Chromatic Coordinate (GCCc) index. These parameters were compared with those provided by time-series of vegetation indices (VI) obtained from Sentinel-2 (S2) satellites and time-series of abiotic variables, which defined the hydrology of the system. The results showed that the phenological parameters estimated by the S2 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (r = 0.83, p &lt; 0.001) and soil moisture (SM) (r = 0.75, p &lt; 0.001) presented the best agreement with ground-derived observations compared to those provided by other vegetation indices and abiotic variables. The study of NDVI and SM dynamics, that was extended over four growing seasons (July 2015–May 2019), showed that the seasonality of both variables was highly synchronized, with the best agreements at the beginning and at the end of the dry seasons. However, stage changes were estimated first by SM, followed by NDVI, with a delay of between 3 and 10 days. These results support the use of a multi-approach method to monitor the phenology and the influence of the soil moisture dynamic under the study conditions.

Movement analysis in early infancy: Towards a motion biomarker of age

BackgroundEarly motor development is characterized by progressive changes in general movements paralleled by a gradual organization of the four limbs' repertoire towards the midline, as shown by computerised movement analysis. AimsOur aim was to test the performance of quantitative computerised kinematic indexes as predictors of post-term age in an independent cohort of typically developing subjects at fidgety age, tested cross-sectionally. SubjectsWe selected twelve low risk term infants, who were video recorded between 9 and 20 weeks (fidgety age) during one spontaneous movements session. Study designWe correlated post-term age with I)indexes of coordination including interlimb correlation of velocity and position, II)indexes of distance, including interlimb and limb-to- ground, both expressed as linear distance and as probability of midline limbs position III)indexes of global movement quality by calculating Hjorth's activity, mobility and complexity parameters. All indexes were calculated for both upper and lower limbs. ResultsSignificant positive correlations were found between post-term age and indexes of distance, and probability of occurrence of upper-limb antigravity patterns, and with both indexes of global movement quality. By combining linear and non-linear parameters related to the upper limb kinematics, we determined individual post-term age with a mean error of <1 week (5.2 days). No correlations were found between age and indexes of coordination. ConclusionsQuantitative computerised analysis of upper-limb movements is a promising predictor of post-term age in typically developing subjects at fidgety age.

Evaluation model of synergy degree for disaster prevention and reduction in coastal cities

Collaborative disaster prevention and reduction in coastal cities is an important measure to enhance disaster prevention capabilities, improve emergency efficiency and reduce disaster losses. Aiming at the problem of coordination assessment of disaster prevention and reduction between coastal cities, combined with the theory of collaborative governance and regional disaster system theory, this paper studies the coordination index system of disaster prevention and mitigation in coastal cities from the aspects of pre-disaster preparation coordination, disaster response coordination and post-disaster recovery coordination. Using principal component analysis to test the feasibility and structural validity of the index system, an evaluation model of synergy degree of disaster prevention and mitigation in coastal cities based on capacity coupling coefficient is constructed. Typhoons, rainstorms, floods, storm surges and red tides which occurred in coastal cities of China from 1990 to 2018 were selected to carry out empirical research. The evaluation results show that the contribution of the disaster response subsystem is higher than that of the pre-disaster preparation subsystem and the post-disaster recovery subsystem. The synergy degree of disaster prevention and mitigation in China’s coastal cities is restricted by the economic level of cities covered by disasters. The coastal cities with higher economic levels have higher coordination of disaster prevention and mitigation. However, in general, the synergy degree of disaster prevention and mitigation in coastal cities in China is low. The research results can provide policy basis for the improvement in the synergy degree of disaster prevention and mitigation in China’s coastal cities.

Coordination Dynamics of Upper Limbs in Swimming: Effects of Speed and Fluid Flow Manipulation

ABSTRACT Purpose: Motor outputs are governed by dynamics organized around stable states and spontaneous transitions: we seek to investigate the swimmers’ motor behavior flexibility as a function of speed and aquatic environment manipulations. Method: Eight elite male swimmers partook an eight-level incremental test (4% increment from 76% to 104% of their mean speed on 200 m front crawl) in a quasi-static aquatic environment (pool). Swimmers then partook another incremental test at similar effort in a dynamic aquatic environment (swimming flume) up to maximal speed. Stroke rate (SR), index of coordination (IdC) and intersegmental coupling of the upper limbs were computed from the inertial sensors located on the upper limbs and the sacrum. Results: With speed increase, SR values presented a steeper linear increase in the pool than in the flume. IdC values increased also in the pool but remained stable in the flume. Individual SR and IdC vs. speed increase displayed second-order polynomial dynamics, indicative of adaptive flexibility with a range of extremum values more restricted in the flume. Finally, a reduction of the in-phase coordination pattern was noted with flume speed increase. Conclusions: Action possibilities were strongly constrained in the flume at the highest speeds as the fluid flow led to discontinuity in the propulsive actions of the upper limbs and lack of in-phase inter-segmental coordination. This highlights that the behavioral flexibility was restricted in the flume in comparison to the pool, in which the exploitation of opportunities for action involved a larger number of degrees of freedom in the movement.

Preoperative Planning Algorithm for Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Cholecystectomy Combined With Appendectomy

Preoperative planning for robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery is critical stage. Recently, many studies focus on the preoperative planning of the robot-assisted minimally invasive single-site surgery. However, the preoperative planning for the robot-assisted minimally invasive combined surgery based on the optimization algorithm has not been reported. In order to improve the dexterity and coordination of the manipulators in the surgical areas and to reduce the preoperative adjustment time for the combined surgery, this paper proposes a preoperative planning algorithm based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) for robot-assisted minimally invasive Cholecystectomy combined with Appendectomy (RAMICA). The preoperative planning algorithm simultaneously optimizes the entry ports and configurations of the manipulators. The optimization objective functions of the preoperative planning algorithm consist of a novel global dexterity index ( GDI ) based on the coefficient of variation and the coordination index ( CI ) that reflects hand-eye coordination and instrument coordination. The constraints of the preoperative planning algorithm include the port placement constraint and the non-collision constraint. The preoperative planning scheme based on the optimization algorithm are verified by comparative simulations to provide the better dexterity and coordination of the manipulators. Finally, the contrast experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the preoperative planning scheme obtained by the optimization algorithm.

РHYSIOLOGICAL-HYGIENIC STANDARDS OF MOTOR ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION OF WAYS OPTIMIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF FORMATION OF EFFECTIVE PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM

The aim: Scientific substantiation of physiological-hygienic standards of motor activity of students of higher education institutions and ways of its optimization in the context of formation of an effective public health system. Materials and methods: The criteria for physiological-hygienic assessment of students' motor activity were: the values of daily energy, the quantity of locomotions, the duration of dynamic component in daily budget of time. Results: The data of complex assessment of the modern students' motor activity studying in the institution of higher medical education showed its low level. At the same time the application of measures aimed at optimizing motor activity of students ensured an improvement (p<0.01-0.001) of the functional characteristics of the mobility and balance of nervous processes and index of coordination of movements. Conclusions: In the course of the researches the physiological-hygienic standards of motor activity of students are scientifically substantiated: values of daily energy consumption - 9000-11000 kJ in young women, 11500-13500 kJ in young men, the quantity of locomotions in the daily cycle - 14000-18000 steps and 15000-19000 steps respectively, the duration of dynamic component in daily budget of time - 130-180 min and 140-190 min respectively.

A Coordinated Assessment between Green Finance and Ecological Environment along the Yangtze River Basin

Ecological environment is the basis for achieving sustainable development of an economy. As a financial innovation to support national economic development, green finance can rationally allocate and guide limited resources to the direction of environmental protection to the maximum extent. This paper introduces the coupled coordination model and takes the Yangtze River Basin as an example to measure the coupling relationship between green finance and ecological environment during 2003-2018. The main results show that: (1) The development level of green finance in the region is improving each year, but the overall foundation is still weak. (2) The level of the ecological environment has a stable and gradually improving trend. (3) The coupled coordination between the green financial system and eco-environmental system is gradually approaching the good coordination stage from the no coordinated stage. The coupling coordination index can reveal the overall characteristics of Yangtze River Basin and ensure regionally sustainable development.

Motor coordination and academic performance in primary school students

Objective: There is interest in studying the relationship between cognition and motor skills for decades. However, there are few studies that provide scientific evidence on the relationship between motor coordination and academic performance. Therefore, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 163 Spanish schoolchildren aged 6-9 years. Motor coordination was measured with the GRAMI-2 Test. Academic performance was obtained through the average grades of the subjects of language, mathematics, natural science, social science, English and artistic. The variables were calculated: motor coordination index and overall academic performance. The results obtained showed that schoolchildren with a better motor coordination index had higher marks in language, mathematics, natural science and English (p between < .01 and < .05). Dividing the sample according to the global academic performance, those with a good academic performance showed a better coordination performance in lateral jumps (p = .021) and a better motor coordination index (p = .008). These results indicate the existence of a positive relationship between motor coordination and academic performance, which may be this bidirectional link. This study could have practical implications to be taken into account by physical education teachers, such as, the increase in opportunities for physical activity during school and after school hours through the development of programs based on coordinative exercise, and especially oriented towards those less competent at the motor level.

Analysis of the decoupling effect and eco-economic coordination of the resident energy carbon footprint: a case study of Caijiapo Town, a national key town in western China.

National key towns are one of the most important units for mitigating China's carbon emissions from urbanisation, industrialisation and agricultural modernisation under China's rural revitalisation strategy. The rise in the carbon footprint (CF) corresponding to increasing populations and energy consumption in national key towns has not been underestimated. This paper aims to explore the impact of local resident energy consumption on the degree of coordination between ecology and the economy. To achieve this objective, the carbon pressure index (CPI), carbon occupancy index (COI) and eco-economic coordination index (EECI) are constructed by applying the CF, carbon carrying capacity (CC) and carbon deficit (CD) of Caijiapo Town from 2012 to 2017. Furthermore, the relationship between the CF, economic growth and per capita disposable income is described based on the decoupling index (DI). The results reveal that, apart from a decline in 2014, the per capita CF of Caijiapo Town has increased, with an average annual growth rate of 16.80%. The CF of different energy sources shows that the CF of natural gas is much larger than those of raw coal, oil and electricity. The DI between GDP, the per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents and the resident energy CF first decreases and then increases. The DI between GDP, the per capita disposable income of urban residents and the resident energy CF is 1.09 and 1.72, and urban residents are the main contributors to the resident energy CF from 2015 to 2017. The CPI and COI show an upward trend, and the eco-economic coordination index (EECI) of Caijiapo Town undergoes a change from poor coordination (grade II) to worst coordination (grade I) from 2012 to 2017. Therefore, the following suggestions are proposed: the CC should be treated as a constraint, energy utilisation should be improved, residents' consumption structure should be optimised, differentiated policies should be implemented for the energy consumption of urban and rural residents and a spatial planning system and operational mechanism should be established that combines multiple regulations into a single regulation.