Coordination Ability Research Articles

Coordination ability of the dodecachloro-closo-dodecaborate anion [B12Cl12]2– in silver(I) complexation in the presence of S-donor ligands

The coordination ability of Ag2[B12Cl12] in the presence of S-containing ligands (tetrahydrothiophene, tetramethylthiourea, 1,3-diisopropyl-2-thiourea, 1,3-dithiole-2-thione) was studied. Mononuclear silver(I) complexes [Ag(L1)4]2[B12Cl12] (L1 is tetrahydrothiophene) and [Ag(L2)3]2[B12Cl12] (L2 is tetramethylthiourea) as well as binuclear silver(I) complexes [Ag2(Lx)6][B12Cl12] (x = 3, 4; L3 is 1,3-diisopropyl-2-thiourea, L4 = 1,3-dithiole-2-thione) were isolated and studied by NMR, IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In all complexes isolated, the perhalogenated boron cluster [B12Cl12]2– plays the role of a counterion.

Non-Fluorinated Cyclic Ether-Based Electrolyte with Quasi-Conjugate Effect for High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries.

Fluorinated ether-based electrolytes are commonly employed in lithium metal batteries (LMBs) to attenuate the coordination ability of ether solvents with Li+ and induce inorganic-rich interphase, whereas fluorination inevitably introduces exorbitant production expenses and environmental anxieties. Herein, a non-fluorinated molecular design strategy has been conceptualized by incorporating methoxy as an electron-donating group to generate a quasi-conjugate effect for tuning the affinity of Li+-solvent, thereby enabling the cyclic ether solvent 2-methoxy-1,3-dioxolane with weak solvation ability and exceptional Li metal-compatibility. Accordingly, the optimized electrolyte exhibits anion-dominant solvation structure for inorganic-rich interphase and fulfills an impressive Li plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency of 99.6%. As-fabricated Li||LiFePO4 full cells with limited Li (N/P = 2.5) showcase a high capacity retention of 83% after 150 cycles, indicating excellent cycling stability. Moreover, the full LMBs demonstrate exceptional tolerance towards a wide temperature range from -20 oC to 60 oC, displaying a remarkable capacity retention of 90% after 110 cycles at -20 oC. Such a molecular design strategy offers a promising avenue for electrolyte engineering beyond fluorination in order to cultivate high-performance LMBs.

Controllably hydrolytic dehydrogenation of NH3BH3 over micropore-dominant porous carbon confined RuPd ultrafine alloys

At present, controllable producing hydrogen from the catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB, NH3BH3) is very meaningful and challenging. Therefore, developing an effective catalyst for the reaction, clarifying its catalytic mechanism, and realizing controllable hydrogen release are extremely indispensable. In this work, RuPd nanoalloys are evenly confined by the agricultural waste wheat straw-derived carbon (denoted as WSC) with a micropore-dominant porous structure and plentiful N/O doping. Attributing to the particular support effect of WSC and the interesting RuPd alloy effect, the as-prepared bimetallic catalysts provide encouraging catalytic performance in AB hydrolysis. Catalyzed by the optimal Ru0.50Pd0.50@WSC, the turnover frequency (TOF) and hydrogen evolution rate are 214.5 min−1 and 50800 mL min−1 g−1, respectively, and the apparent activation energy is only 23.2 kJ mol−1. Moreover, introducing proper NaOH (1.5 M) further accelerates hydrogen release (TOF = 502.8 min−1, specific rate = 119100 mL min−1 g−1). The isotope experiments depict a kinetic isotope effect of 2.85, evidencing the vital role of the hydrogen–oxygen bond scission in this catalytic reaction. More importantly, benefitting from the difference in adsorption energy and strong coordination ability, the “on–off” control for the hydrolysis of AB over Ru0.50Pd0.50@WSC can be realized with the Zn2+/EDTA2- system. This study provides an attractive metal alloy catalyst and some insights for the controllable hydrolysis of AB.

The impact of dexmedetomidine on ketamine-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment in young mice.

The potential neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine against ketamine-induced neurotoxicity remain inconclusive. This study aims to investigate the influence of dexmedetomidine on ketamine-induced neuronal apoptosis and neurodevelopmental toxicity. In vitro experiments employed concentrations of 0.1uM for dexmedetomidine and 50 uM for ketamine individually as well as their combination. Changes in apoptotic proteins and dendritic development in neurons were assessed after a 6-h exposure to the drugs with evaluations conducted 24hs' post-treatment. In vivo experiments entailed intraperitoneal administration starting from postnatal Day 7 (P7) continuously for 3days (P7-P9) using dosages of 100 mg/kg for ketamine and 1mg/kg for dexmedetomidine alone or combined. Learning, memory and motor coordination abilities were evaluated via rotary rod tests and shuttle box experiments at P30 and P60, respectively. Dexmedetomidine effectively mitigated ketamine-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons but did not alleviate associated dendritic developmental abnormalities. Although causing reduced motor coordination in mice, no improvement was observed with regard to this effect or reaction speed when treated with dexmedetomidine alongside ketamine. This study demonstrates that while dexmedetomidine can mitigate ketamine-induced neuronal apoptosis, it has limited impact on its associated neurodevelopmental toxicities.

Role of Solvent Coordination in the Multi-electron Redox Cycle of Nickel Diethyldithiocarbamate.

Nickel(II) diethyldithiocarbamate, NiII(dtc)2, is known to undergo a 2e- ligand-coupled electron transfer (LCET) oxidation to form [NiIV(dtc)3]+. However, the thermodynamics and kinetics of this 2e- process can be greatly affected by solvent coordination. For low coordinating solvents like acetonitrile and acetone, 2e- oxidation is observed via cyclic voltammetry (CV) at a single potential while stronger coordinating solvents like methanol, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and pyridine exhibit a 1e- oxidation wave by formation of [NiIII(dtc)2(sol)x]+ intermediates. The decay of these complexes to eventually yield [NiIV(dtc)3]+ was monitored as a function of CV scan rate and temperature to extract rate constants and activation parameters. A thorough analysis of activation parameters revealed that ΔHapp⧧ generally increased with solvent coordination ability, suggesting solvent dissociation was a key factor in the rate limiting step. However, ΔSapp⧧ was found to be negative for all solvents, suggesting an associative mechanism in line with dimer formation with NiII(dtc)2 to facilitate ligand exchange. Density function theory calculations supported the competitive nature of dissociative and associative steps. Using these calculations, we propose two paths for decay of [NiIII(dtc)2(sol)x]+ species based on the coordination strength of the solvent. These studies point to the ability of solvents to either aid or hinder multielectron LCET reactions.

A ratiometric fluorescence sensor with different responsive modes based on carbon dots-embedded Tb-MOFs for the determination of norfloxacin and levofloxacin

Norfloxacin (NOR) and levofloxacin (LEV) are the two most frequently used fluoroquinolones (FQs) in clinic. Their residues seriously endanger the ecosystem and human health. Due to their similarity in structure and properties, it is urgent to develop an efficient and sensitive strategy for detection and differentiation. Herein, we synthesized a novel ratiometric fluorescent sensor for the first time by combining N, S co-doped carbon dots (CDs) and the precursors of Tb-MOFs through a facile one-pot method. The introduction of CDs effectively facilitated the energy transfer between Tb3+ and FQs, overcoming the limitation that single Tb-MOFs could not identify similar antibiotics. Specifically, the presence of NOR resulted in reverse signal response through the inner filter effect and antenna effect. The synergistic effect of these two mechanisms contributed to achieving signal amplification accompanied by a distinguishable color transition. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.036 μM. Different from NOR, the addition of LEV reduced the electron density of the system, weakened the coordination ability of Tb3+ with LEV, and induced a single signal response with Tb3+ fluorescence intensity as a reference signal (LOD = 0.383 μM). Furthermore, the method proved to be rapid and visual, allowing for the straightforward analysis of FQs residues in water, food matrices, and biological samples with satisfactory precision. By integrating N, S-CDs@Tb-MOFs with flexible substrates, the paper-based sensor facilitated the visual quantitative determination of FQs by reading RGB values. The developed sensor presents a promising strategy for the identification and real-time monitoring of antibiotics.

Development of static balance in professional-applied physical training of cadets with specific learning conditions.

Annotation. Successful professional activity of specialists of the National Police of Ukraine is ensured through the formation of a wide range of professional competencies, which, in particular, provides for the comprehensive development of professionally significant physical qualities during the training of cadets in higher education institutions with specific learning conditions. Taking into account the growing complexity and variety of tasks facing modern police officers, the list of priority physical qualities that a graduate of a higher education institution should have is expanding. The analysis of the content of educational programs in the practical disciplines of higher education institutions shows that they are mainly focused on the development of cadets: strength, flexibility, speed qualities, strength and speed endurance. In the educational process, not enough attention is paid to the development of coordination abilities, which ensure the rational distribution of muscular efforts during physical exercises, the optimal amplitude of movements, the efficiency of motor actions and the economy of energy consumption, and prevent injuries. The authors focus on the fact that modern control tests and standards for assessing physical fitness, used in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, do not make it possible to fully assess the level of development of priority motor qualities of future police officers. It is proposed to use in the educational process of higher education the test for assessing static equilibrium according to the method of E. Y. Bondarevskiy. To develop coordination abilities, it is recommended to use the following exercises: from somat yoga; swimming; Nordic walking; maintaining balance on an unstable platform, with the performance of acyclic motor actions; on a reduced support area; on one leg.

Complex Formation of Ag+ and Li+ with Host Molecules Modeled on Intercalation of Graphite.

Pi-stacked and box-shaped host molecules with xanthene as the basis and pyrene as the π-plane were synthesized to verify cation-π interactions between graphene and metal cations. Since crystal structure analysis was not available, DFT calculations were performed to determine the optimized structure, and the π-planes were found to have a slipped parallel structure, with average distances of 456.2-581.0 pm for the stacked compound and 463.4-471.4 pm for the box-shaped compound. Li+ and Ag+ were chosen as acceptors for complexation with metal ions, and their interactions with the π-plane were clarified by NMR titration. Clearly, the interaction with metal ions increased when pyrene π-planes were stacked rather than the pyrene itself. In the stacked compound, the association constants of Ag+ and Li+ were similar; however, in the box-shaped host molecule, only Ag+ had moderate coordination ability, but the interaction with Li+ was very weak, comparable to the interaction with pyrene. As a result, intercalation is more likely to occur in stacked host compound 1, which has some degree of freedom in the pyrene rings, than in the box-shaped compound.

Influence of lay‐up sequences on cylindrical parts drawability of CFRP laminates

AbstractCarbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) is one of the ideal materials in the field of automotive lightweight. As one of the traditional manufacturing processes of CFRP, autoclave process has long production time, high cost and complicated operation. To overcome these shortcomings, deep drawing can be used for CFRP forming. It has the advantages of stable product quality, good repeatability, low cost, simple operation and can produce parts with complex shapes. In this paper, the influence of lay‐up sequences on the drawability of cylindrical parts was studied by using self‐made deep drawing device. The results showed that among the four lay‐up sequences [0]°12, [0/90]°6, [0/90/45/‐45/90/0]°S and [15/30/……/180]°, the [15/30/……/180]° lay‐up parts had excellent deformation coordination ability due to less angular variation in the fiber direction, and the maximum depth of 21.99 mm could be obtained. Due to the influence of wrinkles, the thickness of [15/30/……/180]° parts increased at the die corner and side wall. The thickness decreased at the flange, punch corner and bottom due to the compressive pressure. In addition, [15/30/……/180]° lay‐up parts benefited from the high level of in‐plane isotropy of the helicoidal structure, it had the fewest forming defects. The resin poor areas and resin rich areas were less and no fiber cracks were found.Highlights Investigated the influence of lay‐up sequences on the drawability of CFRP. The forming depth of [15/30/……/180]° parts was 21.99 mm. [15/30/……/180]° lay‐up parts had the best drawability. No cracks were found on the [15/30/……/180]° part.

Evaluating the Governance Ability of Urban Public Health Using EM-AHP-TOPSIS Method: A Case Study in China.

Evaluating the governance capacity of urban public health is the key to improving the level of urban public health. We aimed to evaluate the governance ability of urban public health. An index system of governance ability of urban public health was established. The governance ability of urban public health was evaluated, and major constraints against the ability improvement were analyzed through the EM (Entropy Method)-AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process)-TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) model and data of urban agglomeration in Yangtze River Delta, China in 2023. Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Suzhou, and Ningbo rank top 5 in terms of governance ability of public health, and they are in the first echelon. Hefei, Yancheng, Wuxi, Taizhou and Shaoxing rank 6-10, and they are in the second echelon. The remaining 17 cities are in the third echelon. Major sources of governance ability of urban public health and major factors that decrease governance ability are Medical Facility (A12), Health Improvement (A33), Medical Staff (A13), Government Ability (A11), and Health Loss (A34). For urban agglomeration in Yangtze River Delta, China, public health foundations, environmental exposure risks, public health performance, and public health emergencies all can influence the governance ability of public health. Accurate evaluation of the governance ability of urban public health can provide guidance and policy propositions to improve the governance system of public health and improve the emergency coordination ability of the government.

Hollow Core-Shelled Na4Fe2.4Ni0.6(PO4)2P2O7 with Tiny-Void Space Capable Fast-Charge and Low-Temperature Sodium Storage.

Iron-based mixed polyanion phosphate Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 (NFPP) is recognized as a promising cathode for Sodium-ion Batteries (SIBs) due to its low cost and environmental friendliness. However, its inherent low conductivity and sluggish Na+ diffusion limit fast charge and low-temperature sodium storage. This study pioneers a scalable synthesis of hollow core-shelled Na4Fe2.4Ni0.6(PO4)2P2O7 with tiny-void space (THoCS-0.6Ni) via a one-step spray-drying combined with calcination process due to the different viscosity, coordination ability, molar ratios, and shrinkage rates between citric acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone. This unique structure with interconnected carbon networks ensures rapid electron transport and fast Na+ diffusion, as well as efficient space utilization for relieving volume expansion. Incorporating regulation of lattice structure by doping Ni heteroatom to effectively improve intrinsic electron conductivity and optimize Na+ diffusion path and energy barrier, which achieves fast charge and low-temperature sodium storage. As a result, THoCS-0.6Ni exhibits superior rate capability (86.4 mAh g-1 at 25 C). Notably, THoCS-0.6Ni demonstrates exceptional cycling stability at -20 °C with a capacity of 43.6 mAh g-1 after 2500 cycles at 5 C. This work provides a universal strategy to design the hollow core-shelled structure with tiny-void space cathode materials for reversible batteries with fast-charge and low-temperature Na-storage features.

Hollow Core‐Shelled Na4Fe2.4Ni0.6(PO4)2P2O7 with Tiny‐Void Space Capable Fast‐Charge and Low‐Temperature Sodium Storage

AbstractIron‐based mixed polyanion phosphate Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 (NFPP) is recognized as a promising cathode for Sodium‐ion Batteries (SIBs) due to its low cost and environmental friendliness. However, its inherent low conductivity and sluggish Na+ diffusion limit fast charge and low‐temperature sodium storage. This study pioneers a scalable synthesis of hollow core–shelled Na4Fe2.4Ni0.6(PO4)2P2O7 with tiny‐void space (THoCS‐0.6Ni) via a one‐step spray‐drying combined with calcination process due to the different viscosity, coordination ability, molar ratios, and shrinkage rates between citric acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone. This unique structure with interconnected carbon networks ensures rapid electron transport and fast Na+ diffusion, as well as efficient space utilization for relieving volume expansion. Incorporating regulation of lattice structure by doping Ni heteroatom to effectively improve intrinsic electron conductivity and optimize Na+ diffusion path and energy barrier, which achieves fast charge and low‐temperature sodium storage. As a result, THoCS‐0.6Ni exhibits superior rate capability (86.4 mAh g−1 at 25 C). Notably, THoCS‐0.6Ni demonstrates exceptional cycling stability at −20 °C with a capacity of 43.6 mAh g−1 after 2500 cycles at 5 C. This work provides a universal strategy to design the hollow core–shelled structure with tiny‐void space cathode materials for reversible batteries with fast‐charge and low‐temperature Na‐storage features.

Sports Games in the Context of Developing Children’s Coordination Ability as a Component of Physical Development

The article explores how sports games and physical exercises influence the development of children’s coordination an essential aspect of their physical development. Its relevance is underscored by the current critical state of children’s health and the rising number of children with special needs. Today’s youth must become healthy individuals, integrating intellectual, moral, vocational and physical education. The article aims to define such concepts as “ability”, “coordination” and “coordination ability”, analyze existing literature on how physical exercises affect children’s coordination and examine the role of kinesiological exercises in enhancing children’s motor skills. Research methods include theoretical and systematic analysis of relevant scientific literature. As is known, physical activity plays a crucial role in the effective development of children’s coordination ability. This article analyzes those studies that underscore the significance of engaging in activities such as basketball, volleyball, rowing and choreography to improve it. It also examines the advantages of kinesiological exercises. A key insight of this research is that high coordination levels not only foster physical development but also enhance social and cognitive growth, thereby boosting children’s learning capabilities and their interactions with peers. Thus, it is vital to incorporate physical exercises into children’s routines, considering their age and individual needs.

Syntheses and antimicrobial activities of two coordination polymers assembled with Ag[sbnd]N and Ag[sbnd]O bonds

Two new coordination polymers ({[Ag(p-phda)2](BF4)} n (1) and {[Ag2(1,5-nds)(DMSO)2] DMSO}n (2) (p-phda: p-phenyldiacetonitrile, 1,5-nds: 1,5-naphthalene disulfonic acid, DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide) were synthesized and characterized by IR, EA,TG and X-ray single crystal diffraction. 1 was revealed as a 2D “fishing net” assembled by AgN bonds with BF4− as equilibrium charge. IR and PXRD analysis showed the BF4− can be irreversibly exchanged by six anions varied in atomic numbers, sizes, configurations and coordination abilities. 2 is constructed by AgO bonds where DMSO function both as guest and bridging ligand. Further diffusion of NO into the solution of 1 and 2 generated two new compounds (1′ and 2′). All four compounds showed excellent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria and yeast. The stronger antibacterial abilities of 1 against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa than those of 2 were evidenced by the smaller minimum inhibitory concentrations of silver ions (AgMICs) and the higher silver ion release rate in aqueous solution. It was concluded that the looser packing of 1 facilitate the silver ions releasing and play a more crucial role than binding mode and ligand-exchangeability. The enhanced P. aeruginosa inhibitions of 1′ and 2′ were elementarily ascribed to NO incorporation, supporting by their increased diameter of inhibition zones and decreased AgMICs.

Stimulasi Kemampuan Motorik Halus Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Melalui Kegiatan Permainan Kolase Loose Part

Stimulating fine motor skills in children aged 5-6 years has important benefits in supporting the development of basic skills needed for daily and academic activities. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Loose Part collage game in improving children's fine motor skills. This research was conducted at Restu Bunda Kindergarten with a sample size of 10 children aged 5-6 years who were selected using purposive sampling, taking into account criteria such as age and balanced fine motor skills. The Loose Part collage game involves the use of various materials and small objects that can be arranged and arranged according to the child's imagination, to stimulate hand-eye coordination and other manipulative abilities. The method used in this research is an experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design in the control group and experimental group. Pretest research was carried out on March 15, 2024, and posttest was carried out on May 5, 2024. Research findings showed that children who were involved in the Loose Part collage game experienced a significant increase in fine motor skills compared to the control group. Therefore, the Loose Part collage game activity can be recommended as an effective method for stimulating fine motor skills in children aged 5-6 years.

Development of coordination abilities of primary school children

The study aimed to determine the influence of the traditional classical exercise on the development of the reaction speed of boys and girls studying in the first grade. Methods: The pedagogical experiment was conducted from September 3, 2022 to May 28, 2023. The study involved 100 children aged 7-8 years who studied in the 1st grade of an ordinary school in the Russian Federation. The schoolchildren practiced physical education according to the standard school curriculum 2 times a week for 40 minutes in each lesson. During the 9 months of training, 74 lessons were conducted. Children from the experimental group additionally performed traditional classical exercises for 6-7 minutes during the lesson. To determine the level of development of responsiveness in schoolchildren, the "Ball Touch" test was used. All the indicators of the children were entered into an Excel spreadsheet, the Student's T-criterion was also used, with a significance level of p<0.05 (program – Biostatistica 2022). Results: The indicators of reaction speed in schoolchildren from the control group who studied according to the standard program improved by an average of 2.9-3.0% (p>0.05) during the study period. In the experimental group, in which children additionally performed special exercise classics, the indicators became 9.4% higher in boys from 269.2±5.2 to 243.8±6.2 (p<0.05), and in girls, the indicators increased by 8.6% from 271.2±6.5 to 247.9±6.6 (p<0.05). Conclusion. The physical exercise "classics" has shown its effectiveness for developing the reaction speed of schoolchildren aged 7-8 years. If you perform this exercise for 6-7 minutes at each physical education lesson at school, then the children's reaction speed will significantly and significantly improve. Keywords: Physical exercises, Coordination abilities, School curriculum, Children's health.

Prediction of Protein Targets in Ovarian Cancer Using a Ru-Complex and Carbon Dot Drug Delivery Therapeutic Nanosystems: A Bioinformatics and µ-FTIR Spectroscopy Approach.

We predicted the protein therapeutic targets specific to a Ru-based potential drug and its combination with pristine and N-doped carbon dot drug delivery systems, denoted as RuCN/CDs and RuCN/N-CDs. Synchrotron-based FTIR microspectroscopy (µFTIR) in addition to bioinformatics data on drug structures and protein sequences were applied to assess changes in the protein secondary structure of A2780 cancer cells. µFTIR revealed the moieties of the target proteins' secondary structure changes only after the treatment with RuCN and RuCN/N-CDs. A higher content of α-helices and a lower content of β-sheets appeared in A2780 cells after RuCN treatment. Treatment with RuCN/N-CDs caused a substantial increase in parallel β-sheet numbers, random coil content, and tyrosine residue numbers. The results obtained suggest that the mitochondrion-related proteins NDUFA1 and NDUFB5 are affected by RuCN either via overexpression or stabilisation of helical structures. RuCN/N-CDs either induce overexpression of the β-sheet-rich protein NDUFS1 and affect its random coil structure or interact and stabilise its structure via hydrogen bonding between -NH2 groups from N-CDs with protein C=O groups and -OH groups of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues. The N-CD nanocarrier tunes this drug's action by directing it toward a specific protein target, changing this drug's coordination ability and inducing changes in the protein's secondary structures and function.

Recovery of highly pure copper from waste cupronickel by electrolysis separation with low energy consumption: The role of deep eutectic solvent

The recovery of waste cupronickel not only can solve related environmental concerns but also facilitates the separation of valuable metals and reduces extra exploitation of natural ore resources. Here, high-efficiency and low-energy-consumption separation of copper (Cu) from waste 90/10 cupronickel (Ni ∼ 10 %) by electrolysis was clarified in choline chloride-ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent (ChCl-EG DES). Electrochemistry showed that Cu can be dissolved feasibly as monovalent Cu(I), forming species such as [CuCl2]− and [CuCl3]2−, while Ni was restrained and entered into anode slime at controlled potential. Compared with Ni(II), Cu(I) can be easily reduced to Cu0, and elevating temperature can accelerate ions transportation and reduction rates. Potentiostatic electrolysis at bath voltage of 0.4 V found that highly pure Cu (99.9918 wt%) was obtained and the current efficiency reached up to 99.71 % with low specific energy consumption (169.18 kW·h·t−1). A separation mechanism model of Cu from waste 90/10 cupronickel was proposed and the role of the DES was revealed, which possessed strong coordination ability and fast transport capacity for Cu(I), as well as significant potential difference between Cu and Ni. This strategy represents a promising and economical technique for recycling waste Cu-based alloy and extracting highly pure metals.

Novel ternary deep eutectic solvents used for recycling lithium and cobalt from waste lithium-ion batteries

The escalating disposal of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) poses significant environmental challenges but also offers substantial opportunities for resource recovery. In this work, we introduce a recycling strategy using a green, cost-effective ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of guanidine hydrochloride, ethylene glycol, and maleic acid. The DES can achieve >99.5 % leach efficiency of lithium (Li) and cobalt (Co) at 100 °C, 9h, and L/S=50. The kinetic study found that the chemical reaction rate at the interface was the key to controlling the leaching process. The study of leaching mechanisms found that the acidity and coordination ability of DES were the main driving forces of leaching. Co loaded in the DES phase can almost precipitate out by using oxalic acid, achieving the separation of Li and Co. After reusing three times, the maximum load of Li in the DES phase reached 4.1 mg/g. These outstanding performances, along with the avoidance of the use of hazardous chemicals and the reduction of high costs, confirmed that the DES possesses a promising prospect for sustainable, large-scale application in efficiently leaching valuable metals from LiCoO2.

Substituent effects of Phenanthroline-Derived Phosphine-Oxide extractants on extraction and separation performance towards U(VI)/Th(IV)

Designing and selecting extractants with high selectivity between uranium and thorium, and developing the relevant separation process is one of the key points to realize efficient utilization of nuclear resources in the thorium-uranium nuclear fuel cycle. In this work, we used four phenanthroline-derived phosphine-oxide extractants with different substituents and studied their extraction ability and separation effect on U(VI)/Th(IV) under different conditions. The Et2-BPPhen and Ph2-BPPhen extractants show weak and strong extraction abilities for U(VI) and Th(IV), respectively. The Et-Ph-BPPhen(R,R) and Et-Ph-BPPhen(R,S) extractants could co-extract U(VI) and Th(IV) under high acidity (DU(VI) > 300, DTh(IV) > 40, SFU(VI)/ Th(IV) < 7, 4 M HNO3), and show high selectivity towards U(VI) over Th(IV) at low acidity (SFU(VI)/ Th(IV) > 200, 0.1 M HNO3). Most Th(IV) can be stripped by adjusting the acidity of the aqueous phase, while U(VI) still remains in the organic phase (STh(IV) ＞ 95 %, SU(VI) < 5 %), so as to achieve the step-by-step process for co-extraction and selective separation. Then, the slope analysis and NMR titration (1H and 31P) determined BPPhen ligands could form ML-type complex with U(VI), and can simultaneously form M/L = 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with Th(IV). The stability constants of the metal–ligand complexes were fitted by UV–Vis spectroscopic titration to estimate coordination abilities of four ligands. Finally, the single-crystals of complexes with the structures of [UO2(L)(NO3)2], [Th(L)(NO3)4] and [Th(L)(H2O)2]·4(ClO4), (L = Et2-BPPhen/Et-Ph-BPPhen(R,R)/Et-Ph-BPPhen(R,S)/Ph2-BPPhen) were produced, and their coordination and packing mode were analyzed. This work contributes to revealing the structure–activity relationship of phenanthroline phosphine-oxide extractants and providing a reference for designing new extractants with high U(VI)/Th(IV) separation efficiency.