Coordination Of Components Research Articles

Suppress ambient temperature interference strategy based on SnO2 gas semiconductor sensor using dynamic temperature modulation mode and principal component analysis algorithm

Semiconductor gas sensors have been widely used in environmental monitoring, toxic gas monitoring, respiratory marker monitoring and other fields due to their low price and high sensitivity etc. An easily overlooked parameter, ambient temperature, is a major factor affecting the accuracy of the sensor. In this paper, a new idea to suppress ambient temperature interference is proposed. Dynamic temperature modulation method is used to extend the dimension of output information, so that both ambient temperature and target gas concentration can be expressed simultaneously. The ambient temperature component is separated by coordinate transformation and component elimination. The data inverse transformation is carried out to achieve the purpose of suppressing the ambient temperature interference. Compared with the performance optimization of gas-sensing materials and additional temperature sensors, the first advantage of this method is to reduce the complexity and power consumption of sensor devices. In addition, the use of PCA algorithm also reduces the complexity of the recognition algorithm. At the same time, more intuitive data reduces the cost of parameter optimization.

Method of generating roughening paths for shoe soles based on monocular encoded structured light

In this paper, we propose a monocular encoded structured light-based path generation method for sole roughening, and the obtained paths are used to guide a six-degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot for automatic roughening, which greatly improves the quality and efficiency of roughening. First, we selected monocular structured light as the vision system. To improve the calibration and reconstruction accuracy of the projector, we used an improved Three-Wavelength Phase-Shift Profilometry technique (TWPSP) to calibrate the projector, and the accuracy was improved by 26.29% compared with the conventional method. Then, we proposed a Three Coordinate Scanning Weighted-Principal Component Analysis (TCSW-PCA) algorithm as the path planning system. The experimental results show that the six-DOF-robot can automatically roughen different types of soles according to the generated roughening paths, and the processing efficiency and finished product quality of our proposed method of automatic roughening are better than other roughening methods, with an average improvement of 42% in roughening effect and an average improvement of 30.52% in roughness.

Comparison of state-of-the-art GNSS-observed and predicted ocean tide loading displacements across Australia

We seek to quantify and understand the residual signal in GPS and GLONASS estimates of ocean tide loading displacements (OTLDs) after removing state-of-the-art model estimates. To consider contributions over a broad spatial scale, we estimate OTLD over the Australian continent using sim 5.5 years of continuous GPS and GLONASS data from 360 sites. We compare these with modelled estimates, with a focus on the lunar semidiurnal M_2 and diurnal O_1 constituents. We observe spatially coherent patterns of residual OTLD in each of the east, north, and up coordinate components after the removal of tidal loading using elastic models. We subsequently assess the impact of including anelastic dispersion in the model and show a 0.2 mm reduction in range of the up component residuals at coastal sites. A similar reduction at all sites is observed in the east and north components. Of the seven ocean tide models used, we find that three recent models, FES2014b, GOT4.10c and TPXO9.v1, perform similarly, noting these comparisons are made in the CE frame. However, we show that the latter contains centre of mass (CoM) biases in amplitude up to 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm for M_2 and O_1, respectively, due to the assimilated altimetry data having not been corrected for geocentre motion. We find OTLD estimates are sensitive to the chosen orbit and clock products used in our analysis, with differences of up to 0.5 mm in the east component between solutions using the JPL and either of ESA or CODE products (GPS-only). Our analysis shows that current GNSS estimates of OTLD over Australia are typically accurate to sim 0.2 mm at which point we are unable to explain spatially coherent residuals when compared to modelled quantities. These may depend on the appropriate treatment of the CoM variation, anelasticity and/or three-dimensional Earth structure. As such, we recommend great care is taken when interpreting OTLD at the level of 0.1 or 0.2 mm, even if it is regionally coherent.

Robust Solution for Coordinate Transformation Based on Coordinate Component Weighting

Robust Solution for Coordinate Transformation Based on Coordinate Component Weighting

Three-component volume coordinate system for constructing high performance elements

In finite element method (FEM), the volume-coordinate system (VCS) plays a very important role. To date, the number of coordinate components of all VCSs equals the number of faces of polyhedral elements (e.g. 4-component tetrahedral VCS or 6-component hexahedral VCS). To break the current situation, a 3-component VCS is established systematically based on hexahedron. The definition of the new 3-component VCS is still suitable for these degenerated solids from hexahedron, including tetrahedron and several 5-surface solids. In the proposed VCS, the number of coordinate components is unrelated to the number of faces of polyhedron. It is the very first shape-independent VCS in the history of FEM. The new 3-component VCS has both the superiorities of the local natural coordinate system and the simplicities of the Cartesian coordinate system. Based on the presented 3-component VCS, we construct a new incompatible eight-node hexahedral element, which is characterized by the high accuracy and the insensitivity to mesh distortion. This adequately demonstrates that the proposed 3-component VCS is a powerful tool for developing high-performance elements.

Teamwork and Decision Making among Basketball Referees: The 3PO Principle, Refereeing Level, and Experience.

In this study, the three-person officiating (3PO) principle was employed as an innovative method to examine decision-making (DM) processes among basketball referees. We aimed at exploring whether the ranking, experience, and teamwork among 25 basketball referees could predict accuracy of DM in ambiguous situations taken from basketball games. An analysis of 283 officiating cases taken from 100 filmed games was conducted. The events were then classified by nine experts according to whether the officiating decision was accurate, and which referee (Lead, Centre or Trail) was standing in the main coverage area, as per the 3PO principle, when the decision was made. Our findings indicate that the teamwork (coordination) component was associated with the quality of DM. Of the 283 events, 60 decisions (21%) were not made from the recommended position according to the 3PO principle; 49 of those decisions were incorrect. The findings are discussed from both developmental and instructional perspectives.

THE EFFECT OF POWER, BALANCE AND COORDINATION ON DROPKICK CONVERSION KICKING SKILLS ON RUGBY 7'S WOMEN ATHLETES DKI JAKARTA

This study aims to determine the effect of power, balance and coordination on the accuracy of dropkick conversion in female DKI Jakarta rugby athletes. Population is all members of UNJ rugby and Banteng rugby club. The measurement of the accuracy of the dropkick kick uses a drop kick rum kick test, the power variable uses the Vertical Jump test, the balance variable uses the Bosuball Balance Single Leg test. In coordination component, the researcher modified the Sridadi test instrument to be a drop up in test. The analysis technique uses a path analysis approach at a significance level of 0.05. The conclusion of each research finding shows (1) There is a direct influence between each independent variable: power (X1), Balance (X2), and Coordination (X3), (2) There is a direct effect of each independent variable {Power (X1), Balance (X2), and Coordination (X3) have a direct effect on the dropkick conversion kick (Y)}, (3) There is an Indirect Effect of Power (X1) through coordination (X3) of the dropkick conversion kick (Y). There is an indirect effect of balance (X2) through Coordination (X3) on the dropkick conversion (Y). Thus, kick dropkick conversion can be increased through increased power, balance and coordination.

Performance Analysis of the GNSS Instantaneous Ambiguity Resolution Method Using Three Collinear Antennas

Attitude determination technology based on the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) has been widely studied due to its low cost and no accumulation of errors. The essential task of attitude determination using GNSS is to estimate the pointing vector of the baseline. However, when the user is located in the complex urban canyon environment, the success rate of ambiguity will be significantly reduced, resulting in inaccurate attitude determination results. This paper presents improvements to existing methods for ambiguity resolution using collinear antennas. The collinear receiver system is built with low-cost commercial antennas to verify the method’s performance. Results indicate a success rate of over 68% with just four satellites, demonstrating significant improvement over traditional LAMBDA method. This method reduces operation time while maintaining a high success rate, with a potential reduction of up to three orders of magnitude compared to the baseline constrained LAMBDA method. The method also exhibits potential anti-multipath capability, reducing RMSE of the pointing vector coordinate component by 60.3%, 87.5%, and 94.2% in the urban canyon environment with significant multipath effects. These results demonstrate the practical effectiveness and potential of the method for ambiguity resolution in challenging environments.

High frequencies (HF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) increase motor coordination performances in volleyball players

IntroductionIt is widely demonstrated that high frequency (HF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has facilitative effects and is therefore capable to inducing changes in motor responses. One of the most investigated areas is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as it plays a special executive attention role in actively preserving access to stimulus representations and objectives in environments with plenty of distraction such as those of team sports. Volleyball is a team sport in which the attention and coordination components are essential for achieving performance. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate if HF rTMS at DLPFC in volleyball players can improve homolateral motor coordination and cortical excitability.ResultsThis study was a double-blinded (participant and evaluator) matched-pair experimental design. Twenty right-handed female volleyball players were recruited for the study and were randomly assigned either the active rTMS (n = 10) or the sham stimulation group (n = 10). The stimulation was performed in one session with 10 Hz, 80% of the resting motor threshold (RMT) of the right first dorsal interosseous muscle, 5 s of stimulation, and 15 s of rest, for a total of 1500 pulses. Before and after stimulation, the coordination and the cortical excitability were evaluated. The significant finding of this paper was that HF-rTMS of the DLPFC improved performance in terms of the homolateral interlimb coordination, with a significantly decreased in resting motor threshold and MEP latency of the ipsilateral motor cortex. It seem that HF-rTMS could increase coordination performances when the velocity of the execution is higher (120 bpm and 180 bpm).ConclusionMoreover, in active rTMS group significant differences emerged after stimulation in RMT and in MEP latency, while no differences emerged after stimulation in MEP amplitude. In conclusion we believe that these results may be of great interest to the scientific community and may also have practical implications in the future.

A tracking method for GEO space targets based on adaptive memory attenuation UKF

Aiming at the problem that the nonlinearity of the tracking state equation and the problem of strong noise in the measurement process in the process of tracking the target, a non-cooperative target tracking method in geostationary earth orbit based on adaptive memory attenuation UKF is proposed. Firstly, the relative motion model of the non-cooperative target is constructed, and the state equation and measurement equation are established. Use the memory attenuation adjustment factor to enhance the correction effect of the new measurement on the state estimation, improve the adaptability of the filtering method to nonlinearity and noise, and finally the relative motion trajectory of the space non-cooperative target is obtained. Finally, the standard UKF algorithm and improved UKF algorithm are applied to target tracking and compared by simulation. The deviation of the three coordinate axis components of the actual motion trajectory and the predicted trajectory of the space target is used as the evaluation index. The simulation results show that the filtering accuracy of the improved UKF algorithm is significantly improved, while taking into account the real-time performance of on-orbit tracking.

Settlement Prediction Based on the Relationship between the Empirical and Analytical Solutions of a Cylindrical Cavity under Undrained Conditions

Settlements on the ground surface often relate to excavating an underground cavity in cities. Movement on the ground surface can create a void between the wall of the cylindrical cavity and the lining. Thus, this study proposes an approximate solution under undrained conditions, based on the relationship between the empirical and analytical methods for predicting ground settlement around a cylindrical cavity. Based on mathematical formulas, the results obtained by the geometrical representation are then associated with the experimental data. The study revealed that the settlement prediction is related either to ground surface loads or to the ground failure point. The expansion of the cylindrical cavity is solved as a linear elasticity problem using a system of first-order ordinary differential equations containing two components in the Cartesian coordinates. The stress distribution around the cylindrical cavity is evaluated based on a biaxial force. The proposed approaches show that the results (empirical and analytical) obtained are approximately similar. Hence, the relationship between the two methods can be best suited for predicting the settlement around a cylindrical cavity by evaluating both the maximum settlement and the maximum surface displacement.

Cyber-physical spare parts intralogistics system for aviation MRO

Spare parts management is a vital supporting function in aviation Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO). Spare parts intralogistics (SPI), the operational perspective of spare parts management, significantly affects performance of MRO activities. This paper proposes Cyber-Physical Spare Parts Intralogistics System (CPSPIS) to address the synchronization problems associated with the SPI business process and SPI resources. The proposed system applies Internet-of-Things technologies and unified representations to provide resources and operations traceability and visibility. Further, CPSPIS contributes several services with self-X abilities for real-time synchronization throughout the SPI process. The communication service in the physical layer provides a self-adaptive ability to coordinate between the physical environment and cyberspace. The tracking and tracing service uses self-configured SPI business-related functions to capture accurate real-time resource and operation data through spatial modeling and location-based components for system resource coordination. The self-organized data source integration service consolidates all SPI request sources as the starting point for process analysis. The initialization service has self-awareness capability and models the transformation between the request source and SPI operations. The self-adjusted execution service synchronizes every two operation steps using real-time resource and operation data. In addition, CPSPIS develops applications and visualization tools for real-time cooperation between execution and decision-making. A real-life case study is conducted in one of the largest aviation MRO organizations, and the quantitative and qualitative improvements of CPSPIS are discussed.

Automated system for performing pH-based titrations

Liquid delivery and endpoint determination during titrations may be problematic if an analyst does not have adequate training or formal education. This can lead to issues with method accuracy and precision. This work is focused on the development of a simple, low-cost, automated system capable of performing potentiometric titrations with a push of a button. A single-board computer (Raspberry Pi), a stepper motor-based syringe pump, and a commercially available pH sensor circuit board were the primary components used to construct the auto-titrator system. Open-source Python programming language was used to control and coordinate components and provide a simple-to-use graphical user interface. A standard alkalinity method for drinking and raw water was evaluated and yielded an accuracy (recovery) between 92% and 104% for concentrations above 10 mg L−1. The precision of the method was less than 5% regardless of concentration. The developed titrator was tested at Lebanon, TN, and Woodruff, SC water treatment plants. The system was also certified by LabtronX to perform alkalinity measurements in Lebanon, TN, and served the plant operators for the past two years.

Mining-induced deformation for a haulage drift of the hanging wall at Jinshandian iron mine in China

In this paper, mining-induced deformation for haulage drifts of the hanging wall at Jinshandian Iron Mine is investigated, based on 8 monitoring stations adopted laser convergence meters. Monitoring results are analyzed to divide deformation-time curves into three types: fluctuation type, partial folding type and whole folding type. Moreover, it is found that tensile deformation is easy to occur in the roadway section corresponding to no folding type and partial folding type. And in the roadway section with folding type curve, it is obviously affected by the steeply anti-inclined structural plane. Furthermore, the relative position relationship between mining activities and a monitoring station is established through local coordinate system. Mining effects on roadway deformation are studied based on rectangular coordinate components and polar coordinate components respectively. The critical value of coordinate components that have a significant impact on roadway deformation have been determined. At last, combined with results of mining impact analysis, deformation mechanisms corresponding to the three deformation curves are revealed. These results help determine the appropriate support time and adopt targeted support schemes.

Distinct adaptation processes underlie multidigit force coordination for dexterous manipulation.

The human sensorimotor system can adapt to various changes in the environmental dynamics by updating motor commands to improve performance after repeated exposure to the same task. However, the characteristics and mechanisms of the adaptation process remain unknown for dexterous manipulation, a unique motor task in which the body physically interacts with the environment with multiple effectors, i.e., digits, in parallel. We addressed this gap by using robotic manipulanda to investigate the changes in the digit force coordination following mechanical perturbation of an object held by tripod grasps. As the participants gradually adapted to lifting the object under perturbations, we quantified two components of digit force coordination. One is the direction-specific manipulation moment that directly counteracts the perturbation, whereas the other one is the direction-independent internal moment that supports the stability and stiffness of the grasp. We found that trial-to-trial improvement of task performance was associated with increased manipulation moment and a gradual decrease of the internal moment. These two moments were characterized by different rates of adaptation. We also examined how these two force coordination components respond to changes in perturbation directions. Importantly, we found that the manipulation moment was sensitive to the extent of repetitive exposure to the previous context that has an opposite perturbation direction, whereas the internal moment did not. However, the internal moment was sensitive to whether the postchange perturbation direction was previously experienced. Our results reveal, for the first time, that two distinct processes underlie the adaptation of multidigit force coordination for dexterous manipulation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Changes in digit force coordination in multidigit object manipulation were quantified with a novel experimental design in which human participants adapted to mechanical perturbations applied to the object. Our results show that the adaptation of digit force coordination can be characterized by two distinct components that operate at different timescales. We further show that these two components respond to changes in perturbation direction differently.

Cooperative Product Agents to Improve Manufacturing System Flexibility: A Model-Based Decision Framework

Due to the advancements in manufacturing system technology and the ever-increasing demand for personalized products, there is a growing desire to improve the flexibility of manufacturing systems. Multi-agent control is one strategy that has been proposed to address this challenge. The multi-agent control strategy relies on the decision making and cooperation of a number of intelligent software agents to control and coordinate various components on the shop floor. One of the most important agents for this control strategy is the product agent, which is the decision maker for a single part in the manufacturing system. To improve the flexibility and adaptability of the product agent and its control strategy, this work proposes a direct and active cooperation framework for the product agent. The directly and actively cooperating product agent can identify and actively negotiate scheduling constraints with other agents in the system. A new modeling formalism, based on priced timed automata, and an optimization-based decision making strategy are proposed as part of the framework. Two simulation case studies showcase how direct and active cooperation can be used to improve the flexibility and performance of manufacturing systems. Note to Practitioners—An intelligent product is a product in a manufacturing system that is able to make decisions based on a set of specifications and affect its own production process. Intelligent products have often been proposed to address the challenges associated with small-batch manufacturing and highly customized production. Specifically, by using intelligent products, manufacturers would be able to complete small orders without the need to reconfigure or reschedule operations in the manufacturing system. However, one of the major challenges in the implementation of this control strategy is the need to develop methods that allow intelligent products to cooperate with machines, robots, and other products in a manufacturing system. In this work, we propose a novel direct and active cooperation framework that allows intelligent products to communicate and cooperate with other resources and products on the shop floor. Using the proposed cooperation framework, intelligent products can resolve scheduling conflicts and work together to meet individual specifications (e.g., deadlines). Two case studies, a small job shop and a large semiconductor manufacturing system, showcase how the proposed cooperation framework can be leveraged for different types of applications.

Single Person Dense Pose Estimation via Geometric Equivariance Consistency

We study the task of single person dense pose estimation. Specifically, given a human-centric image, we learn to map all human pixels onto a 3D, surface-based human body model. Existing methods approach this problem by fitting deep convolutional networks on sparse annotated points where the regression on both surface coordinate components for each body part is uncorrelated and optimized separately. In this work, we devise a novel, unified loss function that explicitly characterizes the correlation for surface coordinates regression, achieving significant improvements in both accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, based on an observation that the image-to-surface correspondence is intrinsically invariant to geometric transformations from input images, we propose to enforce a geometric equivariance consistency on the target mapping, thereby allowing us to enable reliable supervision on large amounts of unlabeled pixels. We conduct comprehensive studies on the effectiveness of our approach using a quite simple network. Extensive experiments on the DensePose-COCO dataset show that our model achieves superior performance against previous state-of-the-art methods with much less computation complexity. We hope that our work would serve as a solid baseline for future study in the field. The code will be available at <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/Johnqczhang/densepose.pytorch</uri> .

Reaction mechanism - explored with the unified reaction valley approach.

One of the ultimate goals of chemistry is to understand and manipulate chemical reactions, which implies the ability to monitor the reaction and its underlying mechanism at an atomic scale. In this article, we introduce the Unified Reaction Valley Approach (URVA) as a tool for elucidating reaction mechanisms, complementing existing computational procedures. URVA combines the concept of the potential energy surface with vibrational spectroscopy and describes a chemical reaction via the reaction path and the surrounding reaction valley traced out by the reacting species on the potential energy surface on their way from the entrance to the exit channel, where the products are located. The key feature of URVA is the focus on the curving of the reaction path. Moving along the reaction path, any electronic structure change of the reacting species is registered by a change in the normal vibrational modes spanning the reaction valley and their coupling with the path, which recovers the curvature of the reaction path. This leads to a unique curvature profile for each chemical reaction, with curvature minima reflecting minimal change and curvature maxima indicating the location of important chemical events such as bond breaking/formation, charge polarization and transfer, rehybridization, etc. A decomposition of the path curvature into internal coordinate components or other coordinates of relevance for the reaction under consideration, provides comprehensive insight into the origin of the chemical changes taking place. After giving an overview of current experimental and computational efforts to gain insight into the mechanism of a chemical reaction and presenting the theoretical background of URVA, we illustrate how URVA works for three diverse processes, (i) [1,3] hydrogen transfer reactions; (ii) α-keto-amino inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro; (iii) Rh-catalyzed cyanation. We hope that this article will inspire our computational colleagues to add URVA to their repertoire and will serve as an incubator for new reaction mechanisms to be studied in collaboration with our experimental experts in the field.

Analysis the Level of Endurance, Agility, and Coordination of Badminton Athletes PB Pendowo Semarang in 2022

Sport is a physical activity carried out for the purpose of health, recreation and achievement.Achievement is an athlete's goal in sports that is supported by sport science. Badminton is one ofthe most popular sports in Indonesia. Badminton achievement is supported by factors of nutrition,coaching, rest time and physical condition. The main physical condition components in badmintonare agility, cardiorespiratory endurance and coordination. This research is a quantitativedescriptive study with a population of PB badminton players. Semarang City Hall. The sample is17, with 12 male samples and 5 female samples. The data analysis technique used is descriptivestatistical technique. To find out the results of the study, an agility test (illionis agility test), acardiorespiratory endurance test (bleep test), and an eye and hand coordination test (the throwingand catching tennis ball test) was carried out. The results showed the level of physical agility ofPB badminton athletes. Pendowo Semarang is included in the category of “Poor” for men and“Average” for women. the level of physical condition of cardiorespiratory endurance is includedin the "Medium" category for men and "Excellent" for women, the level of physical condition isincluded in the "moderate" category for both men and women.

Evaluating the Utility of Existing Plasma Biomarkers in a Clinical Patient Cohort

AbstractBackgroundBiomarker assessments will become an instrumental component of effective clinical management and trial coordination for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and related dementias and will enable precision medicine approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Plasma offers an inexpensive non‐invasive peripheral biofluid for biomarker assessments that can easily be collected longitudinally. The development of ultrasensitive single molecule array (SIMOA) assays has enabled plasma measurements for AD‐related blood biomarkers. Indeed, several plasma biomarkers were recently identified as potentially useful for AD and related dementias. However, their utility in additional clinical cohorts requires further investigation.MethodsPlasma samples were collected from participants clinically diagnosed as cognitively unimpaired (CU; n=30), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n=60) or probable AD (AD; n=34) from the Michigan ADRC. Levels of total Tau, phospho‐tau 181 (pT181), amyloid β40 (Aβ40), and amyloid β42 (Aβ42) were measured using SIMOA. Ongoing studies will include additional samples and measure plasma neurofilament light chain, glial fibrillary acidic protein, placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and phospho‐tau 231. Biomarker levels were compared across diagnostic groups and correlated with cognitive and demographic variables.ResultsAmong the biomarkers assessed, interim results indicated significantly elevated pTau181 in AD compared to CU and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed an AUC of 0.81 for CU versus AD. This analyte correlated significantly with CDR sum of boxes (p=0.01). There was a nonsignificant reduction (8%) in the Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio and an AUC of 0.65 for CU versus AD. Aβ40 and the Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio were significantly correlated with age. No sex differences were detected. Except for pTau181, no significant correlations with CDR sum of boxes or CDR global were found. Biomarker levels showed no correlation with body mass index (BMI) within diagnostic groups.ConclusionsGenerally, our results align fairly well with other studies using clinical patient cohorts with extensive additional biomarkers (e.g. PET tracer measurements and CSF biomarkers). The AD‐associated increase in plasma pT181 levels support the potential utility of this form of phospho‐tau as a useful plasma biomarker. The lack of significant effects with the other biomarkers used here suggests additional novel biomarkers are necessary.