Coordinate Approach Research Articles

Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation-Based Shape-Sensing Approach for Large Deformation: Three-Dimensional Beam

In recent years, fiber-optic shape sensing, which means reconstructing the deformation state of structures from strain information measured by fiber-optic sensors, has attracted interest from many fields. Most of the existing shape-sensing research for flexible three-dimensional (3D) slender structures is based on simple strain-curvature transformation, relying on standardized substrates with a circular cross section and particular forms of fiber layouts. To develop a more general shape-sensing method that can be applied to a wider range of practical engineering conditions, in this paper, the strain–displacement relationship of 3D slender structures under the effect of multiple deformation modes coupling is described by introducing absolute nodal coordinate formulation element, and the deformation reconstruction problem is reorganized into a nonlinear optimization problem that can be applied to large deformation and accommodates different cross-sectional shapes and optical fiber layouts. Due to the rapid increase in the calculation difficulties of nonlinear optimization problems with the number of variables, an element-by-element solving strategy is adopted, and nodal degrees of freedom that have less influence on the overall shape of the structure are merged. In addition, in order to address the issue of local strain anomalies caused by unmodeled factors such as section warping, the pointwise matching between the theoretical strains and measured strains is relaxed to an average matching in subregions to capture the overall deformation, improving the robustness and computational efficiency of the solution process. The accuracy and computational performance of the proposed method are verified through numerical simulation and experiment.

Supporting Remote Customer Involvement in Distributed Agile Development: A Coordination Approach

The expansion of software development industry has led to having team members distributed across different geographical areas. While using agile development by distributed teams has many benefits, it raises many challenges and difficulties as well. Managing remote customer involvement is one of the difficulties faced by distributed agile teams. This article aims to 1) identify the key activity dependencies existing during remote customer involvement in distributed agile development, and 2) design a computer-based system capable of providing coordination support through managing these dependencies. In order to achieve these objectives, two case studies are carried out. Our findings revealed 16 dependencies existing in seven types of activity. In addition, the participatory design approach used in the design shows that a computer-based system to manage the dependencies is capable to manage 14 dependencies existing in five types of activity. This article contributes to understanding the inter-relationships between customer and agile teams and contributes also to developing advanced systems supporting remote customer involvement in distributed agile development.

Promoting distributed photovoltaic adoption: An evolutionary game model approach for stakeholder coordination.

Distributed photovoltaic (DPV) is a promising solution to climate change. However, the widespread adoption of DPV faces challenges, such as high upfront costs, regulatory barriers, and market uncertainty. Addressing these barriers requires coordinating the interests of stakeholders in the promotion of DPV. Therefore, this paper constructs a three-party evolutionary game model in a social network with the government, investment companies and residents as the main subjects and examines the influence of different subjects' behavioral strategies on the promotion of DPV under the social learning mechanism. The results show that: (1) In the game equilibrium, both the government and residents hold a positive attitude towards the promotion of DPV; (2) Companies will obtain most of the subsidies through market power and information differences, resulting in the increase of government subsidies that do not always benefit residents; (3) The increase of energy consumption and pollution prevention costs can promote companies' investment in DPV; (4) The increase of environmental protection taxes to a certain extent helps companies to take responsibility for promoting DPV, reducing the pressure on the government to promote it and increasing residents' income. This study provides insights into the sustainable development of DPV.

Novel Simulation Optimization Approach for Supply Chain Coordination and Management

The importance of supply chain management is paramount nowadays and this research seeks ways for better supply chain coordination. We present a roadmap for implementing true digital replicas of physical supply chains based on a disruptive simulation modeling approach. These digital replicas can enable the comparative evaluation of existing Just-In-Time (JIT) control policies for the first time without the unrealistic assumptions of existing studies in the literature. These realistic supply chain simulation models have the prospect of giving us better understanding of their behavior and of their complex dynamics. We provide guidelines for using the digital replicas and advanced optimization approaches to derive novel supply chain coordination policies pushing the field of JIT control beyond the state-of-the-art. An equally important contribution of this research is that it advances the field of hybrid discrete event-system dynamics (DES-SD) simulation with the prospect of pushing Systems Engineering to the next level. This research discusses theoretical foundations for mixing DES with SD simulation, and explores technical aspects and implementation details. The implications of this extent well beyond the supply chain field since both DES and SD have dozens of application areas including manufacturing, service systems and economics, social sciences, respectively. The paper is concluded with a discussion on the potential impact of the proposed approach including insights for practitioners, applicability of scientific results in industry and prerequisites for business process re-engineering.

Cost-effectiveness analysis design for interventions to prevent children's oral disease.

In 2015, the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) launched the Multidisciplinary Collaborative Research Consortium to Reduce Oral Health Disparities in Children, supporting four randomized trials testing strategies to improve preventive care. A Coordinating Center provides scientific expertise, data acquisition and quality assurance services, safety monitoring, and final analysis-ready datasets. This paper describes the trials' economic analysis strategies, placing these strategies within the broader context of contemporary economic analysis methods. The Coordinating Center established a Cost Collaborative Working Group to share information from the four trials about the components of their economic analyses. Study teams indicated data sources for their economic analysis using a set of structured tables. The Group meets regularly to share progress, discuss challenges, and coordinate analytic approaches. All four trials will calculate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios; two will also conduct cost-utility analyses using proxy diseases to estimate health state utilities. Each trial will consider at least two perspectives. Key process measures include dental services provided to child participants. The non-preference-weighted Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) will measure oral health-related quality of life. All trials are measuring training, implementation, personnel and supervision, service, supplies, and equipment costs. Consistent with best practices, all four trials have integrated economic analysis during their planning stages. This effort is critical since poor quality or absence of essential data can limit retrospective analysis. Integrating economic analysis into oral health preventive intervention research can provide guidance to clinicians and practices, payers, and policymakers.

A Coordinate Descent Approach to Atomic Norm Denoising

A Coordinate Descent Approach to Atomic Norm Denoising

The Performance and Robustness of Power Protection Schemes for Grid‐Connected PV Systems Under Varied Smart Inverter Controllers

The increasing use of inverter‐based distributed generation requires a comprehensive study of its effects on fault analysis and the effectiveness of protection systems in distribution networks. This study examines the impact of different inverter control modes on multiple types of protective relay schemes. These include different overcurrent relay (OCR) schemes, both standard and nonstandard tripping characteristics, optimal coordination approaches, and different grid operation scenarios. The investigation is conducted through the utilization of grid‐connected and islanding operation modes, with fault resistance values of 0 and 5 Ω. The study is carried out on a 14‐bus CIGRE network which includes two photovoltaic (PV) farms with a capacity of 10 MVA each. The research provides several significant contributions, including the analysis of fault current contributions, examination of issues in OCR protection, investigation of the influence of fault impedance levels on OCR performance, evaluation of ideal coordination methods, and carrying out a comparative analysis utilizing optimization technique by using the water cycle optimization algorithm (WCA) and the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO). In addition, to guarantee the robustness of the suggested protection strategy, this work adopts a hardware‐in‐the‐loop approach. The OMICRON‐256 system is utilized to carry out real‐time testing on a SIPROTEC 7SJ62 multifunction protection relay, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed method in protecting microgrids under different PV control strategies. The total operating time for the nonstandard tripping scheme was 12.077–12.3003 s for PSO and WCA, respectively, while for the standard tripping scheme, it was 12.1226 and 12.1564 s. Moreover, these findings offer practical insights that can assist operators in effectively designing the power networks with grid‐connected PV systems by showing OCR miscoordination and no tripping events in power systems with PVs under inverters controllers.

A Survey on Multi-AP Coordination Approaches Over Emerging WLANs: Future Directions and Open Challenges

A Survey on Multi-AP Coordination Approaches Over Emerging WLANs: Future Directions and Open Challenges

Optimum Coordination Approach for Directional Overcurrent Relays in Interconnected Power Systems Considering Uncertainty in Photovoltaic Generation

Optimum Coordination Approach for Directional Overcurrent Relays in Interconnected Power Systems Considering Uncertainty in Photovoltaic Generation

Management of Electromechanical and Civil Design Interface in Railway Projects through Process Optimization Approach

In this research, we defined Interface Management for Electromechanical and Civil Design Interface in Railway Projects by assessing the facts encountered in the Railway Construction industry to understand what are the causes and recommended solutions to electromechanical design interfaces could be, and providing an interface framework for parties to follow, so that the interface issues are appropriately managed, documented, resolved with practical engineering solutions, implemented, verified, and validated during the project life cycle. This paper presented the data obtained from surveys and interviews conducted with individuals actively engaged in the Railway Industry and relevant research on Interface Management. This research aims to pinpoint the significant factors influencing and hindering the interface between electromechanical and civil design interfaces. Additionally, the study proposed an enhanced Interface Management System framework and streamlined Interface Coordination process for establishing the Type 3 Design Interface between Contractors. Significant factors in the Electromechanical and Civil Design Interface were validated using Statistical Analysis. The study presents an interface coordination approach focused on clear understanding design documents, integrating new technologies, materials, and construction processes, and optimizing efficiency in time, cost, and quality.

Colour tuneability of heteroleptic iridium complexes through second-sphere coordination.

Novel H-bond-rich iridium(iii) complexes with different systems of cyclometalating ligands bearing the general formula [Ir(C^N)2(N^N)] were synthesised, characterised and their photophysical properties determined. The incorporated guanidine moieties allow us to introduce a hydrogen-bonding array for the formation of self-assembled iridium-bound hydrogen-bonded systems. Through a series of experimental and computational studies we demonstrated the host-guest chemistry of these systems. These hydrogen-bonding interactions were shown to have significant impacts on chromaticity, quantum yields and lifetimes with emphasis on energy transfer studies based on this second-sphere coordination approach.

THE US-EU TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL: FEATURES OF COOPERATION

Thе present paper focuses on a new form of cooperation built on the basis of coordination of approaches, within the US-EU Trade and Technology Council. TTC was launched by these countries in 2021 to promote their shared prosperity and competitiveness through collaboration in working groups. For these purposes 10 working groups were established on various topics. The TTC appears intent on avoiding tough issues that have stymied trans-Atlantic negotiators in the past. At the inaugural TTC summit, the EU and the US made the commitment to coordinate approaches to key global technology, economic and trade issues and to base policies on shared democratic values. The European Commission and the Biden administration established the TTC as a non-binding instrument. This simplifies negotiations and facilitates an agile approach to addressing common evolving challenges. However, it also means that the scope and applicability of TTC decisions are inherently limited. The US desire to turn the TTC into a geopolitical instrument aimed at China turned out to be incompatible with the reality of the EU. European foreign and security policy continues to be shaped predominantly in EU capitals-not in Brussels. One area of particular concern to both sides is the current global shortage of semiconductors. Parties have completed a joint early warning mechanism in addressing semiconductor supply chain disruptions. They are committed to sharing information on public support given to the semiconductor sector, aiming to avoid subsidy races, maintained a continuous exchange of best practices and also seek to collaborate further by expanding R&D.

Work‐from‐home impacts on software project: A global study on software development practices and stakeholder perceptions

ContextThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had a disruptive impact on how people work and collaborate across all global economic sectors, including software business. While remote working is not new for software engineers, forced WFH situations come with both limitations and opportunities. As the ‘new normal’ for working might be based on the current state of Work‐from‐home (WFH), it is useful to understand what has happened and learn from that.ObjectiveThis study aims to gain insights into how their WFH arrangement impacts project management and software engineering. We are also interested in exploring these impacts in different contexts, such as startups and established companies.MethodWe conducted a global‐scale, cross‐sectional survey during the spring and summer 2021. Our results are based on quantitative and qualitative analysis of 297 valid responses.ResultsWe characterize the profile of WFH in both spatial and temporal aspects, together with a set of common collaborative tools and coordination and control mechanisms. We revealed some areas of project management that are relatively more challenging during WFH situations, such as coordination, communication and project planning. We also revealed a mixed picture of the perceived impact of WFH on different software engineering activities.ConclusionWFH is a situational phenomenon which can have both negative and positive impact on software teams. For practitioners, we suggest a unified approach to consider the context of WFH, collaborative tools, associated coordination and control approaches and a process that resolve those aspects that are sensitive to physical interaction.

Screening of First-Row Transition Metal Complexes for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries: Experimental and Density Functional Theory Approaches

The development of redox flow batteries took new directions in the last decades. From initial metal-based systems, it evolved towards organic and hybrid approaches in aqueous media. Furthermore, redox targeting flow batteries are an emerging alternative to the traditional redox flow battery architecture which offer improved energy density via an added electroactive solid ‘booster’. Whatever the system, there is a need of soluble electroactive species with potentials allowing large cell potentials within the water stability window or imperative redox potentials matching between soluble redox mediator and the solid for redox targeting. Transition metal complexes are a promising class of redox electroactive centers due to the tunability of their solubility and electrochemical potential, and the ability to take into account sustainability1. Recent reports underlined for instance that either the modification of the ligand2 or using heteroleptic complexes3, can lead to iron complexes with solubilities higher than 1 M and potentials higher than 1 V vs SHE. Furthermore, reliable and time-efficient prediction tools for the redox potentials of transition metal complexes are needed to help the search for new potential systems. While density functional theory usually provides a good trade-off between computational cost and accuracy, calculations on transition metal complexes often result in large errors. We thus developed a procedure and compared different solvation methods and levels of theory using an initial experimental data set based on aqueous iron complexes with bidentate ligands (Figure 1).In the present contribution, we will illustrate this coordination approach through a screening of new complexes based on non-toxic and affordable transition metal complexes. In this perspective, electrochemical characterization at different pH, coupled with NMR and UV-Visible studies will be presented, to screen for new candidates as electrolyte in redox flow batteries. Finally, we will show how the calculations corrected using a simple linear regression using training data yields a good prediction of redox potentials (mean average error =0.09 V).

SENSOR-ENHANCED CARE COORDINATION TO ADDRESS OLDER ADULT HEALTH: LESSONS FROM AN INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH TEAM

Abstract Researchers at the University of Missouri have a history of developing and testing aging in place (AIP) care coordination models for clinical translation. Vital to this work are in-home, residentially installed sensors to detect early illness and functional decline over time. While much smart home research is focused on older adults living in continuing care retirement communities, our team developed a novel sensor-enhanced care coordination approach for community-dwelling and disabled older adults as part of two ongoing, federally funded projects. For this symposium, we will highlight the Age-friendly Sustainable Smart and Equitable Technologies for Aging in Place (ASSETs for AIP) demonstration program, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services. Our first presentation will overview our interdisciplinary approach to creating this novel care coordination model, with specifics about research team composition, population focus, and methods. Our second presentation will highlight recruitment strategies and share lessons learned from reaching and enrolling this population that often experience residential transitions. Our third presentation will overview the open-source smart home and consumer-grade technologies deployed in this work, and practical considerations for technology installation, support, and sustainability and clinical team training. Our symposium will close with a presentation of selected client case studies that illustrate how clinical care coordinators use sensor data to remotely monitor and empower older adults for behavior change via telehealth consultations. This symposium will help inform other care coordination research, particularly that which uses sensor technologies and telehealth to facilitate aging in place.

Numerical and correlation analysis of conjugate heat transfer over the discrete braided composites plate

Braided composites, which have excellent mechanical and thermophysical performance, have been considered promising materials widely used in aerospace, renewable energy, and other fields. However, the conjugate heat transfer mechanism between working fluids and braided structures is still unclear. Due to the complicated structure and computational limitation, with a neglection of the structural discrete feature and velocity distortion, current pertinent research primarily relies on the equivalent method of homogenization. In this research, a detailed numerical investigation of conjugate heat transfer over a three-dimensional four-directional (3D4d) braided composite plate with anisotropic and discrete features is presented. The full-size geometric structure of the 3D4d braided plate is first established utilizing the representative volume element (RVE). For such periodic structures, a continuous Eulerian grid generation technique is developed. A local coordinate system approach for the heat conduction spindle based on discretization is subsequently proposed to address the anisotropy of heterogeneous materials. The accuracy of the proposed discrete model processing approaches is verified by comparison with homogenization techniques widely used and experimental data in the literature. It is discovered that the discrete structure with an interfacial thermal dispersion, has a unique physical field distribution in comparison to the homogenization cases. Moreover, a semi-theoretical heat transfer criterion for 3D4d composite is established based on the thermal correction of dispersed interface.

A coherent state approach to the Casimir effect for a massive scalar field in a noncommutative spacetime

In this paper we investigate the Casimir effect in the classical geometry of two parallel conducting plates, separated by a distance L, for a massive scalar field in a noncommutative spacetime within a coherent state approach. Noncommutative geometry is implemented by means of modified commutation relations for the spacetime coordinates, thus introducing a fundamental length scale l in the theory. Following a coordinate coherent states approach, we define mean values over the noncommutative spacetime and introduce the massive scalar field theory. We derive an expression for the zero-point energy which we evaluate by means of a dimensional regularization process. We express the Casimir energy in terms of powers of the ratios (l/L)2n in the massless case and (ml2/L)2n in the massive case. Our results are discussed both, theoretically and numerically. We finally estimate boundary effects by introducing an specific model for the plates.

Coordination of marine multi robot systems with communication constraints

This article focuses on the coordination and communication aspects of multi-robot systems (MRS) and explores what, how and when robots should coordinate and communicate in marine environment. It includes a comparative analysis of MRS coordination under communication constraints in aerial, terrestrial, and marine environments. In the light of the gaps identified in the current MRS literature, we focus on how to tackle the inherent communication constraints presents in marine environments. Thus, a review of Marine Multi-Robot systems (MMRS) is presented, proposing a taxonomy that classifies them according to how they communicate and coordinate. In this line, the classification of different communication strategies found in the literature has received significant attention. Additionally, a MMRS coordination approach is proposed where a heterogeneous group of marine vehicles must explore an unknown area maximizing communication. The proposed approach uses a real characterization of the acoustic communication signal quality as input to the decision making process. To validate its effectiveness, our approach has been subjected to a series of highly realistic experiments.

Numerical simulation of flow and heat transfer in a pipe with nail-shaped hurdles

We investigate fluid flow and heat transfer in a channel obstructed by nail-shaped hurdles under forced convection using the Finite Difference Method. Due to the absence of an analytical solution, numerical techniques are employed. The channel is geometrically transformed into a rectangular configuration using curvilinear coordinates. Elliptic grid generation is used to discretize the domain. The Navier–Stokes equations are reformulated through the vorticity stream function formulation, and the Finite Difference Method incorporates a coordinate transformation approach. Effects of Reynolds numbers between (20≤Re≤600), Prandtl numbers (0.71,17.1), and nail spans (0.1≤h≤0.7) on velocity, temperature profiles is studied. Local and Average Nusselt numbers on Nail-shaped hurdle are also calculated. The observed maximum Nusselt numbers are 13.49,27.83, and 11.86 at Ra=600,Pr=7.1, and h=0.1, respectively Results show that higher Reynolds and Prandtl numbers increase Nusselt numbers, enhancing heat transfer. Narrower nail spans improve heat transfer efficiency.

Suspected human anthrax outbreak investigation in a tribal village of Koraput, India, 2021

AbstractBackgroundOdisha is a state in India endemic to anthrax disease with frequent reports of suspected animal cases. A suspected outbreak of anthrax in humans was reported on 24 October 2021 at Tukum village in Koraput district of Odisha, India after a bullock was found dead and consumed by the locals on 17 October 2021.MethodsThis extended outbreak investigation was carried out through house‐to‐house active surveillance from 24 October to 2 November 2021 in the Koraput district. Eschar skin swabs from wounds were collected and processed at District Public Health Laboratory, Koraput, and analyzed in Indian Council of Medical Research‐Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar for molecular confirmation. Samples from bone, soil, and dried meat were collected from the contaminated sites and were transported to Animal Diseases Research Institute, Cuttack for confirmation.ResultsFour suspected cases of human anthrax were identified who had handled and consumed dead bullock meat, among which one human had died later. The attack rate of the persons at risk in the village was calculated to be 1.23%. However, no Bacillus anthracis were identified in human swab samples when tested in real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Samples collected from contaminated sites were confirmed to have anthrax bacilli.ConclusionInvestigation revealed that a suspected anthrax cluster outbreak was due to butchering/de‐skinning and consumption of the anthrax‐infected dead animal. The presence of bacilli in human samples could not be confirmed due to the intake of antibiotics before the collection of sample. This finding highlighted the importance of sample collection at a suitable time and a possible need for one health approach for better coordination among the different responsible departments.